Depuis toujours, les peuples ont éprouvé le besoin de se différencier les uns des autres et, en même temps de trouver ce qui leur était propre, c’est-à-dire leur identité (culturelle d’abord et puis nationale). Une première définition d’identité est faite grâce aux réflexions des savants du XVIIIe siècle même si cette définition répond essentiellement aux besoins des élites au sein desquelles elle est néé. Cette utilisation de la part des élites sera plus évidente au siècle suivant lors de la formation des Etats-nations. Dans ce contexte, ce qui auparavant était « identité culturelle » deviendra dans plusieurs cas « identité nationale ». En considérant l’identité nationale comme le résultat d’un processus de création plus que comme un sentiment inné à l’intérieur des communautés, nous pouvons entreprendre la comparaison de ce qui peut sembler à simple vue « incomparable ». Pour montrer que cette étude comparative est possible, voire intéressante, pour mieux comprendre la façon dans laquelle les Etats-nations ont créé le « mythe » de l’esprit national, nous avons choisi les exemples de la Grèce et du Japon parce que, malgré leurs différences et leur éloignement culturel et géographique, leur évolution est presque parallèle. Utilisant la langue, l’histoire, les croyances, la littérature et les « traditions » ainsi que des modèles extérieurs, les intellectuels grecs et japonais vont créer leurs propres réflexions sur l’identité culturelle au XVIIIe siècle ; une identité qui deviendra le fondement de leur identité nationale lorsque l’Etat-nation adviendra dans les deux territoires au XIXe siècle. Avec cette thèse notre objectif est de répondre à la question de la création identitaire en Grèce et au Japon en examinant les raisons, les auteurs, les éléments (aussi bien externes –éléments communs- qu’internes –éléments distinctifs-) et les résultats de ce processus. / Since Antiquity, people have felt the need to establish difference between them employing various elements. At the time, they try to discover the common elements between them: that is, their identity. Thanks to the reflexion made by 18th century savants, the first definition of cultural identity was accorded. But this definition was born until the elite class and was employed by these elite in reaching their political objectives. However, elite have employed the elements that were common with the lower classes people as well.If we see the national identity as the outcome of a process thus we can compared it is “incomparable”. To montred that this comparative study is possible, we have choised the examples of Greece and Japan because they have specially interesting. Despite of geographical and cultural distance and political and historical difference, these territories showed parallel developpments in their reflexiion of identity. Employing language, history, beliefs, literature and external models, Japanese and Greel intellectuals created in 18th century their own reflexion on cultural identity. This reflexion become the fundament of the national identity at the middle of 19th century whem Japan and Greece become Nation-Etat.With this study, we can try to answer the question of identity creation by examining reasons, actors, elements both internal (distinctives elements) and external (common elements) and outcome into the process.

Submitted by Douglas Albuquerque Guideli (douglasguideli@gmail.com) on 2018-08-02T16:46:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_08022018.pdf: 717184 bytes, checksum: b4ea6d8225322985348430a05aa0e914 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2018-08-02T22:34:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_08022018.pdf: 717184 bytes, checksum: b4ea6d8225322985348430a05aa0e914 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-08-03T12:29:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_08022018.pdf: 717184 bytes, checksum: b4ea6d8225322985348430a05aa0e914 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T12:29:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_08022018.pdf: 717184 bytes, checksum: b4ea6d8225322985348430a05aa0e914 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-11 / Nesse trabalho serão analisados possíveis impactos das mudanças de cidades de equipes da NFL durante a década de 90 e início dos anos 2000. Foram analisados dados de renda e emprego dessas regiões e a existência ou não de impacto econômico virá da análise do comportamento das variáveis após a mudança da equipe para a nova cidade. Será utilizado a metodologia ArCo desenvolvido em Carvalho, Masini e Medeiros (2018). Foi encontrada uma grande bibliografia de estudos de impactos econômicos gerados pela prática profissional esportiva em regiões, sempre associando os benefícios concedidos pelo governo com o benefício econômico gerado pela mudança ou chegada de uma equipe profissional a uma região. Esse trabalho se difere dos demais pois em nenhum deles há a aplicação de um modelo contra factual, ou seja, a abordagem desse trabalho será a primeira a tentar evidenciar impactos econômicos após a chegada de equipes profissionais esportivas utilizando esse tipo de modelo estatístico. Não foram encontrados efeitos nas variáveis e regiões estudadas nesse trabalho da prática profissional esportiva em uma região. / The present project aims at analyzing possible impacts from changes in the base-city of NFL teams during the period comprising from 1990 to the early 21th century. Data regarding employment rate and income in those regions would be the main basis of the diagnosis. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the behavior of these variables after the moment of the move from the team to a new town would reveal whether there was an economic impact. The model applied would be the ArCo, developed in Carvalho, Masini e Medeiros (2018). There is an extensive biography available regarding studies related to economic impacts generated by professional sports’ practice in specific regions, always associating the benefits granted by the government with the economic benefit generated by the arrival or departure of a professional team to that region. However, this work significantly differs from the others because in none of them there is the application of a counterfactual model. Therefore, the approach of the present work will be the first one to attempt at demonstrating the economic impacts after the arrival of professional sports teams using this type of statistical model. Author did not found relevant economic effects in variables that were analyzed in this study.