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Introduction. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the antidote for acetaminophen (Tylenol) toxicity from over ingestion leading to 56,000 emergency room visits yearly. This is worrisome due to the risk of hepatoxicity, especially in children and adolescents. Often, nausea and vomiting are associated with NAC use and is treated acutely by ondansetron (Zofran), a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Inconveniently, the NAC 21-hour intravenous (IV) infusion needs to be halted with IV flushing before ondansetron can be administered. Another IV flushing follows before NAC is resumed. This causes treatment interruption in a medical emergency; therefore, we are investigating the IV compatibility of NAC and ondansetron to reduce the steps in treating acute nausea/vomiting. Methods. A reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was utilized for NAC quantification. The analysis was conducted on an Agilent Eclpise XDB-C18 column (3.5 micron, 4.6 x 150 mm) with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile (ACN), water (10:90 v/v), and 0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). The flow rate was set at 0.500 mL/min with an injection volume of 10 microliters and a temperature of 50oC. A UV wavelength of 212 nm was utilized for detection of NAC. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC – MS/MS) method was able to quantify levels of ondansetron. A Waters XBridge C18 column (3.5 micron, 4.6 x 150 mm) was used for separation of ondansetron. The mobile phase included ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.0, 5 mM) and acetonitrile (15:85, v/v) with the flow rate set at 0.500 mL/min. Electrospray ionization interface is set in the positive mode for measurement of ondansetron using a precursor ion of m/z 294.0200. Results. The HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS methods for NAC and ondansetron, respectively, will be validated for linearity, precision and accuracy. Then the methods will be applied toward a chemical compatibility investigation of NAC and ondansetron through medical grade tubing and y-site. The ideal outcome would be to confidently assume NAC and ondansetron are IV compatible for y-site administration to avoid infusion interruption for treatment of acetaminophen toxicity. Conclusion. IV compatibility for NAC and ondansetron affords no infusion interruptions reducing unnecessary risk of acetaminophen toxicity. This also decreases risk of medical errors based on the multi-step process to administer ondansetron with receiving NAC. Overall, compatibility could create safer, more efficient protocols for treatment of acute nausea/vomiting from NAC administration.

Companies face competition that comes at them from different directions in the current environment of globalization, deregulation and the push for greater mass customization of products, which still can be differentiated from other products and services. A large number of companies have outsourced a large percentage of their non-core activities in order to concentrate on their core competencies with transportation of their goods being one of the aspects that they have outsourced. Companies are faced with shorter lead times, inaccurate forecasts, unexpected delays in production and need to seek out alternative transportation modes in order to get their goods to market on time. Transportation by air ends up being the best choice to handle requirements of time sensitivity and the transportation of high value goods. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how the air freight supply chain and network that is in place in the Jönkoping region is constructed; in addition to seeking out information in regards to the type of air freight goods being transported into and out of the region; along with the buying behavior and promotion strategies utilized in the promotion of air freight within the region of Jonkoping. The conclusions from this thesis show that there are a number of key actors (integrators and freight forwarders) involved in the air freight network within the Jönköping region. A number of them indicated that the actors they mainly interacted with, in terms of activity links and resource ties, were limited to the airports that were outside of the Jönköping region. There were a few of the actors in terms of integrators that did interact with the Jönköping airport in a capacity that was greater than other actors. In terms of the type of air freight goods that were transported into and out of the region spare parts made up a major portion of the goods transported, followed by clothing and textiles, and other mechanical industry products. The promotion of air freight mostly performed by integrators to their customers is done in terms of emphasizing reliability, punctuality, regularity and security to their customers.

Draper and Guttman (1997) show that for basic 2^{k-p}designs, p >= 0, k-p replicates of blocks designs of size two are needed to estimate all the usual (estimable) effects. In Chapter 1, we provide an algebraic formal proof for the two-level blocks designs results and present results applicable to the general case; that is, for the case of s^{k} factorial (p=0) or s^{k-p}ractional factorial (p>0) designs in s^{b} blocks, where 0<b<k-p, at least (k-p)/(k-p-b) replicates are needed to clear up all possible effects. Through the theoretical development presented in this work, it can provide a clearer view on why those results would hold. We will also discuss the estimation equations given in Draper and Guttman (1997). In Chapter 2, we present a methodology for analyzing the variability of the radiated emission testings of electronic, elecommunication and information technology equipment based on a modified analysis of variance (ANOVA), with polynomial regression analysis. In our study, three electronic products; modem, monitor and notebook bought from the market are tested. Through the experiment, we show that the international standard fails to provide a methodology which gives control limits for EMC when the electronic products in question are produced. We feel that an improved EMC control procedure presented here can better meet the needs of radiated emission control.

This study is an investigation of the congruence in methodology between out-comes based education and environmental education. EE and OBE advocate for an integration of educational approaches and methodology. The focus being the introduction of integrated cross-curricula approach to education. Questionnaires were administered to educators in the sampled schools in order to get the understanding and perceptions of educators about the compatibilty of EE and OBE methodologies. The hypothesis: OBE in South African Education allows for the implementation of EE methodologies. The finding is that common approaches i.e. interdisciplinary and cross-curricular approaches and similar methods are used in OBE and EE. Several proposals were made: There should be workshops, support and mentoring approaches to EE and OBE. Resources should be available to educators and learners and there should be research on OBE and EE methodologies should be made / This study is aimed at examining the compatibility in methodology and approaches of South African Out-comes Based Education and Environmental Education. Data collection was based on questionnaires administered to the primary school educators in the Rustenburg District. Extensive knowledge was gained concerning the nature, approaches and methodologies of Environmental Education and Out Comes Based Education. The educators' understanding of the compatibility or degree of agreement between OBE and EE methodologies, approaches and methods was examined. Problems related to the methodological incompatibility of EE and OBE are identified and solutions are proposed. The core of this study is to examine the compatibility between OBE and EE in terms of approaches and methodologies. It is noted by this study that compatibility between EE and OBE, is not without problems. This study will make valuable contributions to examine the extent of OBE as a curriculum policy for addressing methodological issues raised by EE. / Educational Studies / M.Ed.(Environmental Education)

This study is an investigation of the congruence in methodology between out-comes based education and environmental education. EE and OBE advocate for an integration of educational approaches and methodology. The focus being the introduction of integrated cross-curricula approach to education. Questionnaires were administered to educators in the sampled schools in order to get the understanding and perceptions of educators about the compatibilty of EE and OBE methodologies. The hypothesis: OBE in South African Education allows for the implementation of EE methodologies. The finding is that common approaches i.e. interdisciplinary and cross-curricular approaches and similar methods are used in OBE and EE. Several proposals were made: There should be workshops, support and mentoring approaches to EE and OBE. Resources should be available to educators and learners and there should be research on OBE and EE methodologies should be made / This study is aimed at examining the compatibility in methodology and approaches of South African Out-comes Based Education and Environmental Education. Data collection was based on questionnaires administered to the primary school educators in the Rustenburg District. Extensive knowledge was gained concerning the nature, approaches and methodologies of Environmental Education and Out Comes Based Education. The educators' understanding of the compatibility or degree of agreement between OBE and EE methodologies, approaches and methods was examined. Problems related to the methodological incompatibility of EE and OBE are identified and solutions are proposed. The core of this study is to examine the compatibility between OBE and EE in terms of approaches and methodologies. It is noted by this study that compatibility between EE and OBE, is not without problems. This study will make valuable contributions to examine the extent of OBE as a curriculum policy for addressing methodological issues raised by EE. / Educational Studies / M.Ed.(Environmental Education)

A large software system is built by composing multiple programs, possibly developed independently. The component programs communicate by sharing data. Data sharing involves creation of instances of the shared data by one program, called the producer, and its interpretation by another program, called the consumer. Valid instances of shared data and their correct interpretation is usually specified by a protocol or a standard that governs the communication. If a consumer misinterprets or does not handle some instances of data produced by a producer, it is called as a data compatibility bug. Such bugs manifest as various forms of runtime errors that are difficult to find and fix. In this work, we define various compatibility relations, between both producer-consumer programs and version-related programs, that characterize various subtle requirements for correct sharing of data. We design and implement a static analysis to infer types and guards over elements of shared data and the results are used for automatic compatibility checking. As case studies, we consider two widely used shared data-the TIFF structure, used to store TIFF directory attributes in memory, and IEEE 802. 11 MAC frame header which forms the layer 2 header in Wireless LAN communication. We analyze and check compatibility of 6 pairs of producer-consumer programs drawn from the transmit-receive code of Linux WLAN drivers of 3 different vendors. In the setting of version-related programs, we analyze a total of 48 library and utility routines of 2 pairs of TIFF image library (libtiff) versions. We successfully identify 5 known bugs and 1 new bug. For two of known bugs, bug fixes are available and we verify that they resolve the compatibility issues.

Church growth missiology has been severely criticized by ecumenical, but also by evangelical missiologists. This often led to its rejection as it was considered incompatible with other missiological approaches. But church growth does deal effectively with important issues as other missiologies do. In light of Martin Luther's interpretation of the First Commandment a more general wholistic missiological approach is requested, which considers the full spectrum of human needs, and under which church growth can function with other missiologies together. The treatment of the task of missiology and the unity by attitude of the missiologist contribute to the argument. Therefore four major criticisms brought forth against church growth are dealt with in order to evaluate and finally suggest a potential theological compatibility of this approach with other missiologies. This is further confirmed by a brief introduction to important elements of the present status of church growth theory development / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / Th. M. (Missiology)

Church growth missiology has been severely criticized by ecumenical, but also by evangelical missiologists. This often led to its rejection as it was considered incompatible with other missiological approaches. But church growth does deal effectively with important issues as other missiologies do. In light of Martin Luther's interpretation of the First Commandment a more general wholistic missiological approach is requested, which considers the full spectrum of human needs, and under which church growth can function with other missiologies together. The treatment of the task of missiology and the unity by attitude of the missiologist contribute to the argument. Therefore four major criticisms brought forth against church growth are dealt with in order to evaluate and finally suggest a potential theological compatibility of this approach with other missiologies. This is further confirmed by a brief introduction to important elements of the present status of church growth theory development / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / Th. M. (Missiology)