Russia’s recent increase in acts of aggression against bordering nations is concerning. After Russia’s annexation of Ukraine’s Crimean peninsula, many wondered if the world should anticipate a Baltic intervention. This paper seeks to analyze this question through a comparative study of Russia’s recent interventions in Georgia and Ukraine, an analysis of the Estonian and Latvian Russian-speaking population, and an analysis of the NATO alliance’s strengths and weaknesses in deterring a possible Russian threat. From my analysis, I conclude that a conventional Baltic intervention is unlikely. However, I also conclude that the NATO alliance is not prepared to counter non-conventional acts of aggression and that these tactics could become more common in international conflicts. Therefore, I also conclude that a non-conventional Baltic intervention from Russia is possible and, consequently, the alliance should re-examine its framework.

À la suite de la structuration de la politique de l’État russe envers ses émigrés, ainsi que d’une vague de protestation en Russie à la fin de l’année 2011, a émergé une nouvelle communauté politique russe en France. Celle-ci s’est progressivement construite autour des discours et des activités politiques des migrants russes en direction de leur pays d'origine. Les motivations de ces migrants sont à rechercher dans leurs sentiments d’appartenance à la Russie. Deux figures idéal-typiques clés se sont révélées au cours de notre recherche : d'une part, le « compatriote », défini par les autorités russes qui prônent l'unité de leurs ressortissants disséminés à travers le monde et en appellent à dépasser les clivages du passé et, d'autre part, l’ « expatriote », qui refuse d'être représenté par l'État russe et rejette la définition « officielle » de ses sentiments d'appartenance ; d'un côté donc, le compatriote, retrouvant la fierté d'être et de se dire Russe ; de l'autre, l'expatriote, traversé par le sentiment d'être Russe malgré lui et de devoir assumer, en la transformant, cette condition. Bien qu'ayant des conceptions fort différentes, et souvent contradictoires, de ce que devrait être la Russie, le compatriote et l'expatriote ne peuvent être opposés de manière binaire dans la mesure où ils ne cessent d'interagir et échangent même parfois leurs positions respectives. Le lieu de ces interactions, c'est la communauté politique russe en tant qu'arène de discours et de pratiques politiques en recomposition permanente. / Following the structuring of the Russian State policy towards its emigrants and a wave of protest in Russia at the end of 2011, a Russian political community emerged in France. It was progressively constructed through discourses and political activities of Russian immigrants towards their country of origin. The motivations of these migrants are to be found in their sentiments of belonging to Russia. Two ideal-typical figures have been revealed throughout the research process: the “compatriot”, defined by the Russian authorities that preach for the unity of Russian people disseminated around the world and call them to go beyond the divisions of the past, and the “expatriot” who refuses to be represented by the Russian State and rejects the “official” definition of his sense of belonging; on the one hand, there is the compatriot who retrieves the pride to be and to call himself Russian; on the other hand, there is the expatriot who feels Russian despite himself and has to assume this condition while transforming it. Even if their conceptions of what Russia should be are really different and often contradictory, the compatriot and the expatriot could not be opposed in binary terms, as they do not stop interacting and sometimes even exchange their respective positions. The location of these interactions is the Russian political community qua an arena of discourses and political practices in permanent reconstruction.

This thesis is entitled "Academic Guilds Úhlava". This thesis presents history od Academic Guild Úhlava from years 1883-1933. The Academic Guild worked in the city Klatovy nd in the villages around the city Klatovy. This thesis is divided into fice chapters. The chapters include the history context, history od Guild, organization and librarien in city Klatovy.

(in English): The thesis focuses on the Czech sugar factory in Gorna Oryahovitsa in northern Bulgaria, especially on the workers' colony which existed between 1912 and 1948 when the company was being put under state control. The paper provides a comprehensive report on the circumstances of the origin, development and current condition of the sugar factory and the colony. The study puts the specific instance of the Czech minority in Gorna Oryahovitsa into a wider context of the Czech migration into Bulgaria. It also provides a comprehensive picture of the Czech colony and its inhabitants, bringing new insights into their lifestyle, activities and contacts with the major society. The core of this work is to use written and pictorial materials. Therefore, the basic methodological approach was to search, collect and record the materials that in some way affected the Czech sugar factory and the colony, both in Bohemia and Bulgaria. These materials were first analyzed and then organized to create meaningful frameworks for subsequent interpretation.

在中華民國創建迄今的各個階段以及兩岸關係所導致的外交困境下，僑務工作成為政府整體涉外事務不可或缺的一環，透過華僑在居住國的政治及經濟影響力，可發揮「二軌外交」的功能，輔助外交工作之推動。因此僑務駐外工作人員應具備何種能力以成功地扮演好各種角色，確實發揮凝聚海外華僑的向心及爭取支持的功能，確值關注。 針對僑務駐外人員兼具管理者及執行者身分、工作地點位於海外及其業務之特殊性，本研究首先由一般角色理論及管理者角色理論進行探討，其次由一般職能理論及派外人員職能之研究成果進行探討。透過深度訪談、內容分析及參與觀察三種研究方法來分析歸納出僑務駐外人員所扮演之角色功能及應具備之能力。研究發現僑務駐外人員執行任務時需與僑務委員會、駐外館處、華僑文教服務中心、國外組織人民、中國使領館及僑團等對象接觸互動，針對不同的對象及情境分別扮演政府代表、國家主權維護、關係經營、溝通橋樑、訊息傳遞、業務執行、資源整合及管理等8種角色。並需具備社交、語文、溝通、口語表達、管理、領導統御、設計規劃及行銷及適應等8種能力，以成功的扮演各種角色。 此外，本研究亦將如何增進對各種角色之認知及取得或強化各種能力，分別向僑務委會、僑務駐外人員及未來有意成為僑務駐外人員之同仁提出建議，同時也為未來研究提出可行的方向。 / Overseas Chinese affairs has become indispensable to government foreign relating issues in every stage of Republic of China ever since it was established as well as in diplomatic dilemma caused by cross-Strait relation. “Track-Ⅱ Diplomacy” can be done through overseas Chinese’ influence in politic and in economic in the country of residence, also can assist to promote foreign affairs. Therefore, “what kind of capability the overseas affairs working abroad staff need to have and how they play all roles well, attract and win overseas Chinese’ support indeed?” is a good subject worth to pay close attention to. Overseas affairs working abroad staff are manager & executor, who are working abroad with particular mission. This research firstly made from general role theory and managing role theory, then from general function theory and expatriate function theory. Through three research methods – deep interview, information analysis and participant observation – generalize overseas affairs working abroad staff’s roles, functions & capabilities. This research discovered overseas affairs working abroad staff when executing missions need to contact with Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.O.C. (Taiwan), overseas missionary offices, overseas Chinese cultural service centers, abroad organizations & people, Chinese embassy, overseas compatriot groups, act 8 roles as government representative, national sovereignty safeguard, relationship management, communication bridge, information transmission, business operation, resources integration & management to different subject & circumstance. So they need to have social skill, language, communication, oral expression, management, leadership, plan & design, marketing and accommodation 8 capabilities to play different role successfully. Besides, this research also suggests Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.O.C. (Taiwan), staff working abroad and colleagues who intend to work abroad in future respectively that they need to find out how to improve recognition of each role and how to strengthen each capability. Bring out workable direction for future further research.