Thesis (doctoral)--Philipp-Universität zu Marburg.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Freiburg i. Br.

Zugl.: Diss.

Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Alexander-Universität zu Erlangen.

The purpose of this theses is to analyze whether a contractual limitation of liability for damage resp. compensation for damage is acceptable in the Czech law, what are the limits of limitation and what they should be. The main focus is given on the issue of the prior limitation. The thesis is composed of an introduction, ten chapters and a conclusion. First four chapters cover the background information and terminology needed for the remaining part of the work, such as liability for damage, its division, prerequisites and scope. The many ways of limitation and basic prevailing principals of limitation are given in chapter five. Chapters six, seven and eight deal with the very possibility of compensation for damage limitation in three spheres that are: contemporary civil and commercial law and the united civil law under the law No. 89/2012, so called The New Civil Code. Chapter nine provides a short view into the German regulation before there are given the conclusions on possible practical regulation in Czech law in chapter ten. The chapter six dealing with contemporary commercial law summarizes the development of the issue and deals with the restrictions in this matter. In the chapter seven the importance and meaning of Section 574 of the Civil Code is deeply analyzed and conclusion made that the...

The injured party and his/her protection in criminal proceedings The presented thesis deals with the protection of an injured party in criminal proceedings as a whole, in particular with regard to his/her position as a party in the criminal proceedings, and to his/her procedural rights in accordance with the Rules of Criminal Procedure. The aim of this thesis is complex analysis of the position of an injured party in the Czech legal order with focus on differentiation of the concept an injured party (as the party of criminal process) and the concept a victim of an offence, as a person whose rights were violated in certain manner. The thesis is composed of five main chapters, each of them dealing with different aspect of the injured party involvement in criminal procedure. The first chapter contains thorough analysis of the concept an injured party, as is defined in the provision of Section 43 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure. At the same time, there is incorporated the analysis of limitation or exclusion of participation of an injured in criminal proceedings. Thereafter, the conclusion of this chapter is dedicated to the mentioned differentiation of the concepts an injured and a victim, in particular in the light of the new law on victims of crime. In the second chapter the author addresses...

Cette étude analyse l'ensemble des limites à l'autonomie procédurale des États membres en matière de recours en indemnité ; la recherche est articulée en deux parties, avec une partie préliminaire, et une partie finale.La partie préliminaire est consacrée à l’analyse de la notion d'autonomie procédurale et du droit à l’indemnisation, et elle se compose de deux chapitres, chacun divisés en deux sections. Le premier chapitre est consacré aux limites générales que le droit de l’UE pose à la compétence étatique en matière de procédure, et il essaye de mettre en évidence les différences et les similitudes entre le droit international et droit de l’Union européenne. Le deuxième chapitre de la partie introductive, au contraire, a pour objet l’analyse du droit à indemnisation, et notamment on montre comment en vue d’assurer la protection effective et efficace de ce droit au niveau national, a progressivement été mis en place un processus de limitation de la souveraineté de l’État dans le domaine de la procédure ; ce chapitre essaye aussi de mettre en évidence les différences et les similitudes entre droit international et droit de l’Union européenne.La première partie, au lieu, est consacrée à la signification du qualificatif « statique » du recours en indemnité, car on prend en analyse les limites sur les règles de procédure qui régissent le régime juridique du droit à indemnisation et les conditions de mise en œuvre; elle se compose de deux titres, chacun divisés en deux chapitre, consacrés à l’analyse des limites substantielles et de procédure que le droit de l’UE pose à la compétence nationale à régler le recours en indemnité. Le premier titre de la première partie de cette recherche, dédiée aux limites substantielles, se compose de deux chapitres. Le première chapitre est consacré à la reconstruction des limites aux règles de procédure que représentent les conditions d’imputabilité de la violation à l’État ; en particulier, on prend en compte le grand nombre de cas qui ont donné lieu à des problèmes de cohérence entre les systèmes nationaux de procédure à cause d’une réglementation différente, et souvent contradictoire avec l’élément subjectif de la violation ; plus spécifiquement, on met en place une analyse de la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice qui a donné lieu à la formation prétorienne de nouveaux dispositifs de procédure concernant la responsabilité non contractuelle de l’État-législateur, de l’État administrateur et de l’État-juge. Le deuxième chapitre du premier titre, quant à lui, est consacré aux limites des règles de procédure qui régissent les conditions de mise en œuvre de la responsabilité non contractuelle, c’est-à dire celles qui définissent l’élément objectif de la violation ; plus spécifiquement, on prend en analyse la jurisprudence qui concerne les conflits entre les normes de procédure nationales et les trois conditions qu’il faut réunir pour obtenir l’indemnisation, à savoir : que la règle du droit de l’Union violée ait pour objet de conférer des droits aux particuliers; que la violation de cette règle soit suffisamment caractérisée et qu’il existe un lien de causalité direct entre cette violation et le préjudice subi par les particuliers.[...] / This work analyses the limits that the principle of State liability for damages suffered by individuals because of breach of EU law poses to the procedural autonomy of the Member States of the EU; at the same time, the work provides a concept of procedural autonomy capable of showing its own constitutive limits. The research is divided into two parts, preceded by an introductory part.The introductory part of this work is dedicated to the general character of the limitations EU law poses to the State’s competence in matters of procedure/procedural matters. Specifically, it analyzes the process by which the Court of justice and national courts consider the incompatibility of national rules of procedure with the european law; in addition, it highlights the specific conjugation of these limits in the matter of compensation of damages.The first part of the research, instead, focuses on the specific limits that european law poses on the rules of procedure relating to the legal regime of the right to compensation and its operating conditions; in particular, this first part explores respectively the “substantive” and “procedural” limits that EU law poses to the State’s autonomy to regulate actions for damages for breaches of EU law. The substantial limits, which are the object of the first chapter of the first part of this work, concern the conditions of eligibility of liability and to the constitutive conditions of the right to compensation; in particular, these are the limits that the european law pose on national rules of procedure governing the subjective and objective elements of the breach of EU law. Firstly, I analyse the judgments of the Court of justice that gave rise to the formation of procedural provisions related to the eligibility of breaches of EU law by the State-legislator, the State-administrator and the State-judge. Secondly, I derive the set of procedural requirements that national courts have to apply for verifying the existence of a breach of EU law, and especially to verify the existence of the three conditions that have to be met for conferring right to reparation: the infringed rule has to be intended to confer rights on individuals; the breach has to be sufficiently serious; a direct causal link between the breach of the obligation resting on the state and the damage sustained by the injured parties has to be present. The procedural limits to the action for damages, to which the second chapter of the first part of this work is dedicated, refer to the concrete organization and characteristics of the judicial action. I explore here the requirements and common rules that have gradually replaced numerous internal procedure provisions. These are related in particular to the identification of the best forum and the powers ofjurisdiction, as well as to the different aspects of the trial and of its organization, with specific reference to areas affected by substantial EU law. This chapter, therefore, reconstructs the rules related to the identification of the competent jurisdiction and to the power that jurisdiction has to enjoy in order to protect and enforce the european law, focusing on the case of a Member State sued in front of a Court of another Member state; in addition I explore the organization strictu sensu of action of damages, I concentrate on class actions, on the classic theme of limitation periods and decadence and, moreover, on rules concerning evidences.[..]

This diploma thesis is dealing with issues of employer's liability for industrial injuries and occupational diseases and from that consequent obligation to compensate damage or non- material damage, through individual types of compensation. The first part provides a brief excursion into the development of the legislation on industrial injuries and occupational diseases and deals with the question of mandatory statutory insurance of the employer, implemented through two private insurance companies. The second part of the diploma thesis deals with the circumstances, which lead to emergence of employer liability for industrial injury. Substantial space is dedicated to situations where it may not be obvious at first sight that an industrial injury may occur. The industrial injuries resulting from teambuilding, business trip and injury originating from myocardial infarction are discussed in more detail. Further, here are defined the facts leading to the partial or total deprivation of liability by the employer. These facts are recklessness, own fault violation of regulations or instructions and drunkenness or misuse of addictive substances. The third part concerns with conditions under which the employer is liable for occupational diseases. The fourth part deals with individual types of compensation to...

1 Abstract This thesis deals with the very current problem theme of the status of the injured party and a victim in criminal proceedings and compensation for damages, non-material damage and a release of an unjust enrichment in criminal proceedings. Work serves a legal definition of the injured party and a crime victim and deals with their status in criminal proceedings. As to the injured party, the thesis focuses on a definition and a position of the injured party as well as issues related to an adhesion proceedings in which the court decides about a claim of the injured party to damages, non-material damage and unjust enrichment. The focus of the issues relating to crime victims is their status and rights granted to them in the light of the recently adopted law amendment of victims of crime and international arrangements. The entire work arises all sorts of questions about the accuracy and effectiveness of the legislation which provides a reflection of the current state and at the same time proposals de lege ferenda. My thesis is systematically divided into four main parts. In the introductory part of this work is for a better orientation and understanding of the context described the historical evolution of the position of an injured party, by law of the injured party before 1950 to the time of the...

Summary: The main goal of the thesis is to compare the legal basis of compensation for corporal damages and compensated types of damages linked to corporal damages in the Czech and French legal systems. It aims not only to evaluate the benefits of each of the systems for victims but thereof to evaluate the ability of each system to counterbalance on the one hand the opportunity of the judge to consider the circumstances of each individual case and the sums therefore awarded, on the other hand the predictability of decisions for victims, without the excessive formality of the decision. At the end I consider the French legal institutions linked to this issue that could be the source of inspiration for the Czech legal practice. In the first chapter, I compare the theoretical basis of legal responsibility in both chosen legal systems and its influence on legal practices of compensation for corporal damages. These theoretical differences have essential consequences for practices of compensation for corporal damages in both legal systems. An example of this fact are different requirements for proving the causation link or the different role of application of the liability because of things that have essential consequences to victims' status in a case of disputes over compensation for corporal damages. The aim of...