As dificuldades de pronúncia percebidas por adultos jovens e idosos, ambos totalmente desdentados com ou sem próteses completas, e por adultos com dentição natural, foram investigadas e relacionadas a suas respectivas avaliações miofuncionais orais, adaptação às novas próteses e idade. Os participantes foram solicitados a julgar por procedimento psicofísico a dificuldade de pronunciar: (1) frases com predomínio de cada fonema do idioma português brasileiro e (2) frases com predominância de fonemas fricativos. Estes julgamentos foram realizados em três sessões: (1) na condição oral em que se encontravam os participantes antes de tratamento odontológico, (2) após uma semana da instalação da prótese total e (3) após aproximadamente 40 dias de uso da prótese total. As tarefas para a avaliação miofuncional de cada participante foram realizadas em cada sessão, gravadas em videocassete e posteriormente avaliadas por duas fonoaudiólogas. As avaliações miofuncionais indicaram alterações entre as sessões quanto às condições musculares, a postura de lábios e de língua, nas funções de deglutição, na mastigação e na fala dos usuários de prótese total, independente da idade dos participantes. Houve diferença entre as frases quanto à dificuldade para pronunciar, independentemente se os participantes eram ou não desdentados. As avaliações da condição muscular e das funções orais foram correlacionadas com os julgamentos de dificuldade para pronúncia, indicando que as condições musculares e funcionais dos usuários de prótese total interferem na produção de frases com determinados fonemas e na dificuldade de sua pronúncia. / Perceived difficulties of pronunciation by totally-edentulous young adults and totally-edentulous old people, both with and without complete denture, and by adults with natural dentition were investigated and related to their oral miofunctional evaluations, adaptation to the usage of complete denture, and age. For such purpose, the participants were asked to judge by psychophysical procedure the difficult to pronounce: (1) sentences with predominance of each phoneme of the Brazilian Portuguese idiom and (2) sentences with predominance of fricative phonemes. These judgments were carried out in sessions: (1) in the oral condition that the participants exhibited before the onset of the dental treatment, (2) one week after the insertion of the complete denture and (3) after approximately 40 days of routine usage of the complete denture. The tasks for miofunctional evaluations of each participant were performed before each session, videocassette recorded and further evaluated by two speech therapists. The miofunctional evaluations revealed alterations in the muscular structures, positions of the lips and tongue, functions of deglutition, mastication and speech of the users of complete dentures at the three sessions, irrespectively of the age. There were differences among the judgments regarding the difficulty to pronounce the sentences, regardless whether or not the participants were edentulous. The evaluations of the muscular condition and oral functions were correlated to the judgments of the difficulty of pronunciation, indicating that the functional and muscular conditions of the users of complete dentures interfere with the production the sentences with certain phonemes, as well as with the difficulty of their pronunciation.

O processo de fusão completa foi investigado para a reação ANTPOT. 18 O + ANTPOT 10 B dentro do intervalo de energia de bombardeio 29,0 Mev <E IND. LAB < 72,0 Mev, no intervalo angular 5º < IND. LAB. < 27º. Para esta finalidade foi desenvolvida e construída uma câmara de ionização sensível à posição de alta resolução. Resultados experimentais comparados com previsões de modelos e sistemáticas encontradas na literatura permitem rejeitar a limitarão pelo núcleo composto para e seção de choque de fusão em energias até aproximadamente cinco vezes a barreira coulombiana. Ajustes das intensidades relativas elementares por cálculos em base e o modelo estatístico revelam uma difusividade considerável das seções de choque parciais de fusão no espeço de momento angular. Análises sistemáticas das alturas (V IND. B) e raios da barreira de fusão (R IND. B) pare núcleos vizinhos sugerem uma grande importância da difusividade da matéria nuclear na competição entre os processos de fusão e quasi-elásticos. Cálculos dentro deste contexto foram realizados. / The 18 O + 10 B within the bombarding energy range of 29,0 Mev < E LAB < 72,0 Mev, covering the 5° angular range. For this purpose, a high resolution position sensitive ionization chamber has been developed and constructed. Experimental results compared to model predictions and experimental systematics found in the literature allows to reject compound nucleus limitation to the fusion cross section up to energies as high as five times the coulomb barrier. Statistical model fits to the residues elementary distributions reveal a quite difuse partial fusion cross section in the angular momentum space. Systematic analysis of fusion barrier height (VB) and radius for neighbouring nuclei point out the importance of the nuclear matter diffuseness in the competition between the fusion and quasi-direct process. Calculations within this framework were performed.

Através do Método da Transversal Completa apresentamos neste trabalho a classificação dos germes simples de Rn em R, a classificação dos germes do plano no plano de corank 1 e A-codimensão no máximo 4 e uma breve classificação de bigermes de R em R2. / Applying the Complete Transversal Method we obtain, in this work, a classification of simple germs of smooth function from Rn to R, a classification of germs of maps from the plane to the plane with A-codimension up to 4 of corank 1 and an introduction to the classification of bigerms of maps from R to R2.

Orientador: Marcelo Ferraz Mesquita / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:47:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hermann_Caio_M.pdf: 1426714 bytes, checksum: 9b5d60e0226de3bf4200bec3b2f9f1c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da escovação mecânica e termociclagem sobre dureza e rugosidade superficiais de três materiais reembasadores resilientes considerados definitivos, dois à base de silicone, um auto (Sofreliner MS) e outro termopolimerizável (Molloplast-B), além de um à base de resina acrílica autopolimerizável (Dentuflex). Para a confecção das amostras, foram utilizadas matrizes de silicone polimerizado por reação de condensação incluídas em muflas, obtendo um molde impresso no gesso posteriormente preenchido com os materiais resilientes. Foram confeccionadas 60 amostras, submetidas à leitura de rugosidade superficial num rugosímetro SURFCORDER SE 1700 (Kosaka Laboratory) e à leitura de dureza num durômetro Shore A (GS ¿ 709 Teclock, Osaka, Japão). Em seguida as amostras foram separadas em dois grupos, onde metade foi submetida ao ensaio de termociclagem numa máquina MSCT ¿ 3 PLUS regulada em 2.000 ciclos com banhos alternados de 60 segundos a 5±1oC e 55±1oC e a outra metade ao ensaio de escovação mecânica numa máquina MSEt, seguida de termociclagem. O ensaio de escovação foi executado sob carga estática de 200 g, com movimentos lineares, totalizando 30.000 ciclos, onde uma solução de dentifrício contendo água era liberada a cada 1 minuto sobre as amostras. Após os ensaios, foram executadas novas leituras de dureza e rugosidade superficial. Os valores obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância em parcelas subdivididas no tempo, seguida do teste de Tukey em nível de 5% de significância. O material Dentuflex apresentou os maiores valores médios de rugosidade e dureza iniciais, seguidos do Molloplast-B e Sofreliner MS. Após termociclagem, os materiais Dentuflex e Sofreliner MS apresentaram aumento estatisticamente significante da dureza. Após escovação, o material Dentulfex apresentou diminuição nos valores de rugosidade e o Sofreliner MS aumento, ambos estatisticamente significantes. Após a escovação seguida de termociclagem, todos os materiais apresentaram valores de rugosidade estatisticamente semelhantes entre si, provavelmente devido ao polimento do material Dentuflex, abrasão do Sofreliner MS e preservação das características do Molloplast-B / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical brushing and thermocycling on hardness and roughness of three resilient definitive lining materials: 1) auto (Sofreliner MS), 2) heat-polymerized (Molloplast-B) silicone bases; and 3) auto-polymerized plasticized acrylic resin (Dentuflex). To prepare the samples, silicone rubber matrixes were made and placed in a flask to obtain a cast pressed mold, and then filled with resilient lining materials, handled according to the manufacturer¿s directions. All samples were submitted to surface roughness readings in a roughness readings machine (SURFCORDER SE 1700 ¿ Kosaka Laboratory) and hardness readings in a Shore A durometer (GS ¿ 709 Teclock, Osaka, Japan). After the readings, the samples were assigned into 6 groups of 10 each, half of which were submitted to thermocycling treatment in a thermal cycler machine (MSCT ¿ 3 PLUS) for 2.000 cycles at temperatures ranging from 5±1oC to 55±1oC and a 60-second dwell time. The other half was submitted to a mechanical brushing simulation in an MSEt brushing machine followed by thermocycling. The samples were submitted to 30.000 strokes with linear brushing movements, under a 200 g static load pressure. Toothpaste solution was injected every one-minute break. Then new readings of hardness and roughness were done, and the values were submitted to variance analysis test followed by Tukey test, with 5% of significance. Dentuflex showed the highest initial values for both roughness and hardness, followed by Molloplast-B and Sofreliner MS. After thermocycling, Dentuflex and Sofreliner-MS showed a statistically significant increase in hardness values. After mechanical brushing, Dentuflex showed a decrease and Sofreliner MS an increase in roughness values. After mechanical brushing followed by thermocycling, all materials showed similar roughness values (statistically significant), probably due to the Dentuflex polished surface, the Sofreliner MS abrasion and the remained features of the Molloplast-B / Mestrado / Protese Dental / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Orientador: Marcelo Ferraz Mesquita / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:56:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_LucianaValadares_M.pdf: 2328929 bytes, checksum: d3dcd162bfa4e1648664f19245daaffd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da escovação mecânica e de agentes de limpeza sobre as características superficiais de materiais reembasadores resilientes. Foram utilizados os materiais Luci Sof (Dentsply), Molloplast-B (Dentax) e Sofreliner (Tokuyama), os agentes de limpeza Hipoclorito de Sódio a 0,5% (Medicinallis-Fármacia de Manipulação-SP-BR) e Efferdent (Warner-Lamber Co-EUA), a escova dental extra macia Johnson & Johnson Reach Professional (Johnson & Johnson Industrial LTDA.) e dentifrício Sorriso Dentes Brancos (Kolynos do Brasil). Foram confeccionadas 30 amostras de cada material, a partir da moldagem do dispositivo porta matriz da máquina de ensaio de escovação mecânica, com 25mm de comprimento X 14mm de largura X 3mm de espessura. Dez amostras de cada material foram submetidas à escovação mecânica e 20 imersas em agente de limpeza. A escovação mecânica foi realizada na máquina MSEt (Máquina de Simulação de Escovação), com velocidade de 5 movimentos por segundo (20.000 ciclos). Foram utilizados 2 agentes de limpeza: 1) Hipoclorito de Sódio a 0,5% a 37 + 1ºC, durante 20 minutos; 2) Efferdent, a 37 + 1ºC, durante 15 minutos. Após as imersões, as amostras foram lavadas e imersas em água destilada, a 37 ± 1ºC, pelo período restante das 24 h. Esse processo foi repetido 8 vezes por dia, durante 90 dias (720 ciclos). A rugosidade superficial, dureza Shore A e observação em microscópio eletrônico de varredura foram avaliadas antes e após os métodos de higienização. A rugosidade foi avaliada em rugosímetro Surfcorder SE 1700 (Kosaka ¿ Laboratory Ltda.); o ensaio de dureza Shore A em durômetro modelo GS-709 (Teclock-Japão), com aplicação de carga de 10N durante 1 segundo; a microscopia eletrônica de varredura em microscópio modelo JSM 5600 PV (JEOL-Japão), onde foi observada a morfologia superficial de amostras representativas de cada tratamento. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos aos Testes de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney e de Kruskal-Wallis (5%). A escovação aumentou significantemente os valores de rugosidade dos materiais. Luci Sof (Ra=0,74m), Molloplast-B (Ra=1,28m) e Sofreliner (Ra=3,18m) apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante entre si. O tratamento em Efferdent promoveu diminuição significante dos valores de rugosidade de Luci Sof e Sofreliner. Após o tratamento, os materiais não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante entre si (Luci Sof Ra=0,32m; Molloplast-B Ra=0,32m; Sofreliner Ra=0,36m). A imersão em Hipoclorito promoveu diminuição significante os valores de rugosidade dos materiais. Luci Sof (Ra=0,29m) e Molloplast-B (Ra=0,27m) e Molloplast-B e Sofreliner (Ra=0,17m) não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante entre si. A escovação diminuiu os valores de dureza significantemente de Molloplast-B (35,10), mas não alterou esses valores de Luci Sof (43,80) e Sofreliner (27,10). Após a escovação, os materiais apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante entre si. A imersão em Efferdent diminui significantemente os valores de dureza dos materiais. Após o tratamento, Molloplast-B (25,70) e Sofreliner (25,75) não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante entre si, mas diferiram de Luci Sof (36,65). A imersão em Hipoclorito diminui significantemente os valores de dureza de Molloplast-B e Sofreliner, e não alterou para Luci Sof. Após o tratamento, Molloplast-B (28,85) e Sofreliner (26,00) não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante entre si, mas diferiram de Luci Sof (43,80). A escovação mecânica foi o tratamento que promoveu os maiores valores de rugosidade superficial para todos os materiais avaliados. Após a escovação, todos apresentaram valores estatisticamente diferentes entre si, na ordem crescente: Luci Sof, Molloplast-B e Sofreliner. Os tratamentos de imersão promoveram a diminuição dos valores de rugosidade superficial apresentados pelos materiais Luci Sof e Molloplast-B, e elevação para o material Sofreliner quando imerso em Efferdent. A escovação diminuiu o valor mediano de dureza do material Molloplast-B. Após a escovação, todos apresentaram valores estatisticamente diferentes entre si, na seguinte crescente: Sofreliner, Molloplast-B e Luci Sof. A imersão em Efferdent promoveu diminuição significativa dos valores de dureza para todos os materiais. A imersão em Hipoclorito de Sódio promoveu diminuição significativa dos valores de dureza dos materiais Sofreliner e Molloplast-B / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of mechanical brushing and denture cleansers on the surface properties of soft lining materials. Three soft liners, Luci Sof (Dentsply), Molloplast-B (Dentax), and Sofreliner (Tokuyama), two denture cleansers Efferdent (Warner-Lamber Co- EUA), and 0,5% alkaline hypochlorite preparation, the Reach Professional toothbrush (Johnson & Johnson) and the dentifrice Sorriso Dentes Brancos (Kolynos do Brasil) were used. Thirty specimens of each soft liner material were prepared by molding the specimen container appliance of the brushing machine, measuring 25mm long, 15mm wide and 3mm thick. Ten specimens of each material were submitted to the mechanical brushing assay, and 20 specimens of each material immersed into the solution of each denture cleanser. The mechanical brushing assay was conducted on the MSEt plus machine, at a rate of 5.0 strokes per second (20.000 cycles). Two denture cleansing approaches were used: 1) specimens immersed in 0.5% alkaline hypochlorite preparation at 37 ± 1 ºC for 20 minutes; 2) specimens immersed in Efferdent at 37 ± 1 ºC for 15 minutes. The specimens were then washed thoroughly with tap water, and immersed into distilled water, for the remainder of the 24 h period, at 37 ± 1 ºC. This procedure was repeated 8 times a day, during 90 days (720 cycles). The specimens were evaluated before and after the cleansing procedures. The surface roughness was evaluated in a profilometer SE 1700 (Kosaka ¿ Laboratory), and the Shore A hardness in a microdurometer GS-709 (Teclock, Japan) with a penetrating load of 10N for 1 second. The observation of superficial morphology from representative specimens of each method of cleanser were observed using a scanning electron microscope JSM 5600 PV model (JEOL-Japan). All numeric data were subjected to Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests at the 5% level. The mechanical brushing assay increased significantly the roughness mean values for all materials. The mean values for Luci Sof (Ra=0.74m), Molloplast-B (Ra=1.28m) and Sofreliner (Ra=3.18m) were statistically different after the brushing assay. The Efferdent treatment decreased the roughness mean values of Luci Sof and Sofreliner significantly, but not for Molloplast-B. After the treatment, no differences in the mean values were observed among the materials (Luci Sof Ra=0.32m; Molloplast-B Ra=0.32m; Sofreliner Ra=0.36m). The Hypochlorite treatment decreased the roughness mean values of all materials significantly. After the treatment, neither Luci Sof (Ra=0.29m) and Molloplast-B (Ra=0.27m) nor Molloplast-B and Sofreliner (Ra=0.17m) showed statistically significant differences. The brushig assay decreased the hardness mean values significantly only for Molloplast-B. After the assay, no statistically significant differences were observed for Luci Sof (43.80), Molloplast-B (35.10) and Sofreliner (27.10). The Efferdent treatment decreased the hardness mean values significantly for all materials. After the treatment, mean values of Molloplast-B (25.70) and Sofreliner (25.75) were not statisticaly different, but they differed from that of Luci Sof (36.65). The Hypochlorite treatment decreased the hardness mean values of Molloplast-B and Sofreliner. After the treatment, mean values of Molloplast-B (28.85) and Sofreliner (26.00) were not statisticaly different, but they differed from that of Luci Sof (43.80). The mechanical brushing assay increased the roughness mean values for all materials significantly, from smoothest to roughest in the following order: Luci Sof, Molloplast-B, and Sofreliner. The denture cleansers decreased the roughness mean values of Luci Sof and Molloplast-B, and increased this values for Sofreliner in Efferdent. The mechanical brushing decreased the hardness mean value of Molloplast-B, and after this treatment, all materials showed statistical significantly differences, from smoothest to hardest in the following order: Sofreliner, Molloplast-B, and Luci Sof. The Efferdent treatment decreased the hardness mean values for all materials significantly. The Hypochlorite treatment decreased the hardness mean values for Sofreliner and Molloplast-B significantly / Mestrado / Protese Dental / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / The edentulous jaw is a common feature in elderly patients that had lost their teeth during life due to local reasons such as poor oral hygiene and dental caries as well as periodontal disease. Hence these patients are the victims of biological phenomenona that lead to difficulties in different aspects of patient comfort with dentures. Clinicians are always concerned to minimize these difficulties and increase patient comfort through manufacturing a proper prosthesis to substitute for the loss of the natural teeth as well as the surrounding structures for optimum satisfaction and improved quality of life of the patient. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient satisfaction regarding function and aesthetics with conventional mandibular dentures and implant retained mandibular overdentures in denture wearers. / South Africa

Orientador: Rodrigo Máximo de Araújo / Banca: Eron Toshio Colauto Yamamoto / Banca: Eduardo Galera da Silva / Resumo: O objetivo desse estudo foi desenvolver uma infraestrutura de prótese total fixa sobre implantes em impressora 3D, elaborada em conjunto com uma guia cirúrgica digital, também impressa, diminuindo o número de sessões e substituindo a necessidade de moldagem logo após o procedimento cirúrgico. Para isso um paciente, sexo masculino, 60 anos de idade e apresentando apenas a presença do elemento dental 36 na arcada inferior, foi convidado a participar do estudo após leitura e assinatura de Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Foi realizada moldagem da arcada superior e inferior do paciente com alginato para confecção do modelo de estudo com gesso pedra especial. Os modelos foram escaneados com a utilização de scanner Xcad 3D, para a realização do planejamento cirúrgico e protético. A partir dos exames tomográficos foram obtidos os arquivos DICOM. Estes arquivos foram utilizados para o inicio do planejamento digital, sendo incluídos no software para planejamento específico. Foi realizado o planejamento virtual com o auxílio do software, sendo: instalação de 4 implantes do tipo hexágono externo de 13mm por 3,75mm cada, o que gerou automaticamente pelo software a guia cirúrgica para instalação dos mesmos. A mesma foi impressa com o uso de uma impressora 3D de polímeros. A guia cirúrgica continha quatro orifícios para instalação dos implantes planejados, permitindo também a instalação de a ut nts. p s a olo açāo dos implantes, foram instalados pilares cônicos de 4,1mm de diâme... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Digital planning and preparation of guides and prosthesis with the help of 3D printers is a reality on a daily basis, but in this study, we look for Develop a fully digitized and software-driven process to design and execute polymer and titanium printed guides and prostheses. Those Printed parts would already be structural parts of the final prosthesis, Cases of total fixed prostheses. With this we could exclude laboratory phases of the process of prosthetic preparation, optimizing time, cost and reducing everyday problems that affect clinicians in such processes as repetitions, lack of adaptation of the prosthesis structure, teeth assembly, among others. Titanium printing of such a final structure would allow an immediate installation, in Immediate loading surgeries, of the final prosthesis with the best possible adaptation, Enabling the clinician to execute cases of extreme challenges Without the need for castings and welds, thus Aesthetics to the patient reducing treatment time with assertiveness / Mestre

This degree has been obtained at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Medical University of South Africa, now part of the new Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Pretoria Saanen and South African Indigenous goats were bred to kid at twelve months and annually thereafter. Milk production was recorded. Conception rates were generally more than 90 %, except for Indigenous goats in their first year. Few Indigenous goats (12 %) had twins at the first parturition, whereas 45% of Saanens had twins at 12 months of age. Twinning increased with age, and Saanen and Indigenous goats had kidding rates of 182% and 174% respectively in their third year, with Saanens later exceeding 200%. Triplets were infrequent, except in mature Saanens (9% of parturitions), and in Crossbreds (16%). Mean lactation yields were 579, 838, and 758kg for Saanens in first, second and third lactations, respectively. Lactation lengths were 283, 293 and 290 days respectively (excluding milk production beyond 300 days). Mean lactation yields for Crossbreds were 317, 446 and 438kg for first, second and third lactations. Lactation lengths were slightly shorter for Crossbreds than for the Saanens at 236, 248 and 257 days respectively. Indigenous goats were recorded at a mean milk yield of 23kg per lactation, and a mean lactation length of 94 days. Milk composition analyses for Saanens averaged 3.43, 2.88, and 4.49% for milk fat, protein and lactose, respectively. The analyses for Crossbred goats were 5.47, 3.88 and 4.81%, and for Indigenous goats were 9.33, 5.04 and 5.12%, respectively. These results showed that Crossbred goats gave less milk than Saanens, but significantly more than Indigenous goats. Milk production of Crossbred goats was found to be adequate for household requirements (subsistence purposes). In this way, the Crossbred goats were shown to be able to fulfil one of the objectives of the crossbreeding programme. The main disease identified was coccidiosis, acccompanied by pneumonia, which caused unacceptably high mortality among goat kids: 31% of Saanen, 24% of Crossbred, 38% of Three-quarter Saanen and 28% of Indigenous female kids. It is believed that this problem is largely management related, and worsened by overcrowding and the consequent poor hygiene; but the presence of rotavirus might also be significant. These aspects warrant further investigation. The main disease problem identified in mature goats was mastitis, which caused deaths of goats from peracute cases. Another important problem which became apparent after four years of age, was the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma on the udders of Saanens. Reduced exposure to the sun, by the provision of adequate shade should alleviate this problem; but the crossbreeding programme was seen to be of benefit, since no cases occurred in Crossbred goats. The experiment on heartwater aimed to assess resistance to this disease. Saanen, Indigenous and Crossbred goats were reared in a tick-free environment. In Year 1, eight goats of each type at eight months of age were given 5ml virulent heartwater blood of the Ball 3 stock. Temperatures and clinical sign were monitored. All eight Saanens were overcome by the disease, but only one Indigenous goat and two Crossbreds. In Year 2, Phase 1 of the experiment included six males and six females each of Indigenous and Crossbred goats at 11 months of age. Seven Crossbreds, but no Indigenous goats died. In Phase 2, nine Saanens were treated with tetracycline and compared to two untreated Saanens and nine untreated Three-quarter Saanen goats at 12 months of age. Both of the untreated and one of the treated Saanens died, and seven of the Three-quarter Saanens died. There were only small differences in temperature reactions; but Indigenous goats showed less clinical signs than other breeds. No differences of gender or year were apparent. These experiments indicated that Saanen goats show no genetic resistance, but that South African Indigenous goats appear to be genetically resistant to heartwater, and can transmit this resistance to a good proportion of Crossbred progeny. It has been shown therefore that it is feasible to develop a dairy goat resistant to heartwater, which could contribute significantly to the reduction of human malnutrition in rural and peri-urban communities in Southern Africa. / Dissertation (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 1997. / Production Animal Studies / unrestricted

A superpattern is a string of characters of length n over [k]={1, 2, …, k} that contains as a subsequence, and in a sense that depends on the context, all the smaller strings of length k in a certain class. We prove structural and probabilistic results on superpatterns for preferential arrangements, including (i) a theorem that demonstrates that a string is a superpattern for all preferential arrangements if and only if it is a superpattern for all permutations; and (ii) a result that is reminiscent of a still unresolved conjecture of Alon on the smallest permutation on [n] that contains all k-permutations with high probability.

Let K(v,w) denote the complete graph on v vertices with a hole of size w (i.e., K(v, w) = Kv\Kw). We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a minimum 4-cycle covering of K (v,w).