Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnuskaIA.pdf: 788750 bytes, checksum: 3e9eb68e01cc2a95f7315ab5b061a6b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-06 / Cooperation is a well known behavior and influenced by all cultures. Probably selective pressures brought advantages to individuals that cooperate, and then this behavior is current in human societies. Most of it is studied about cooperation and natural selection was understood by the game theory, a mathematical approach that helps to understand the conflict and cooperation. We believe that natural selection and game theory could facilitate understanding these behaviors and two theoretical articles were written regarding this view. It was also found that most of data about cooperation was obtained in (with) adults. Since game theory is effective to understand this phenomenon, and to be used and understood, two games were used with five and eleven year old children: the common pool and public goods games. The results are presented in four empirical articles. We found that children respond to social dilemmas of game theory like the adults do. They adjust their rounds regarding the feedback obtained of their partness; in the beginning they cooperate and reduce the degree of cooperation along (throughout) the following session; in the absence of punition the level of opportunism increased, mainly in larger groups; boys and girls behave differently when donate. This research suggest that cooperation has an evolutionary basis in human and it is since earlier in the behavioral pattern shown by adults. / A coopera??o ? um comportamento bastante difundido e estimulado em todas as culturas. Provavelmente press?es seletivas trouxeram vantagens para indiv?duos que cooperavam, e por essa raz?o, esse comportamento est? presente nas sociedades humanas. Muito do que se estuda sobre coopera??o e sele??o natural foi compreendida utilizando a teoria dos jogos, uma abordagem matem?tica que ajuda compreender o conflito e a coopera??o. Acreditamos a sele??o natural e a teoria dos jogos podem nos ajudar a compreender esses comportamentos e escrevemos dois dois artigos te?ricos abordando essa id?ia. Verificamos tamb?m, que muito dos achados sobre coopera??o foram realizados com adultos. Pelo fato da teoria dos jogos ser eficaz para compreender esse fen?meno, e de f?cil aplica??o e compreens?o, utilizamos dois jogos em crian?as de 5 a 11 anos de idade: o jogo da terra dos comuns e o dos bens p?blicos. Os achados est?o relatados em quatro artigos emp?ricos. Neles verificamos que as crian?as respondem aos dilemas sociais da teoria dos jogos de forma semelhante aos adultos. Elas ajustam as jogadas em fun??o do retorno que obt?m dos companheiros; s?o cooperativas no in?cio e reduzem a coopera??o ao longo das sess?es; na aus?ncia de puni??o o n?vel de oportunismo aumentou, principalmente nos grupos grandes; meninos e meninas se comportam de forma diferente na de realizar as doa??es. O conjunto deste trabalho sugere que a coopera??o tem uma base evolutiva em humanos e que ela est? presente desde cedo nos padr?es apresentados pelos adultos