The subject of this diploma thesis is design and check the steel construction of the office building in Valašské Meziříčí. Floor plan dimensions of building are 55,0 x 30,0 m. The length of building gradually increases with each floor. The building has eight floors. Overall height is 33,6 m. The building ceilings made of composite steel and concrete structure. The construction in both directions is stabilized by vertical bracings. The building adjoins a smaller building with shops. Floor plan dimensions of that building are 31,5 x 21,0 m and building height to the top of the truss girder including cladding is 17,5 m.

Este trabalho de pesquisa apresenta como objetivo principal o desenvolvimento de investigação experimental dinâmica sobre estrutura real de uma passarela tubular mista aço-concreto. O sistema estrutural objeto deste trabalho corresponde a uma passarela composta por três vãos (32,5m, 17,5m e 20,0m, respectivamente) e dois balanços (7,50m e 5,0m, respectivamente), com comprimento total de 82,5m. A passarela com estrutura contínua de aço com as ligações soldadas se apoia em quatro pórticos também de aço. Estruturalmente está constituída por duas treliças planas que se interligam através de contraventamentos horizontais fixados na corda superior e inferior da treliça e lajes de concreto, formando um sistema misto com interação completa. A estrutura está submetida correntemente à travessia de pedestres e ciclistas. Testes experimentais foram realizados sobre o sistema estrutural e confrontados com resultados numéricos. Para a modelagem numérica do sistema são empregadas técnicas usuais de discretização, via método dos elementos finitos (MEF), por meio do programa ANSYS. Os resultados experimentais são analisados de acordo com a metodologia desenvolvida, sendo realizada análise modal experimental para a determinação das propriedades dinâmicas: freqüências, modos e taxa de amortecimento, enquanto que os resultados da estrutura, em termos de aceleração de pico, são comparados com os valores limites propostos por diversos autores, normas e recomendações de projeto, para uma avaliação do desempenho da estrutura em relação a vibração quando solicitada pelo caminhar dos pedestres no que diz respeito a critério para conforto humano. / This research has as main objective the development of a dynamical experimental investigation of a real structure a tubular composite steel-concrete footbridge. The structural system of this study corresponds to a footbridge composed by three spans (32,5m, 17,5m and 20,0m, respectively) and two overhangs (7,50m and 5,0m, respectively), spanning 82,5m. The investigated structural model is composed by a continuous tubular steel structure with welded connections supported by four double file steel columns. It is structurally composed of two plane trusses are intertwined by horizontal bracing set in upper and lower chord of the truss and slabs of concrete, forming effective composite with complete interaction. This structure is currently submitted to pedestrians and cyclists crossing. Experimental tests were carried out on the structural system and with the numerical results. For the numerical modeling, discretization techniques via finite element method were applied, based on the ANSYS program. The experimental results were analyzed according to the developed methodology, and a modal analysis was implemented to determine the dynamical properties: frequencies, mode shapes and modal damping ratio, while the structure results in terms of peak acceleration, was obtained and compared to the limit values proposed by several authors and design recommendations, for the structure performance by pedestrian walking regarding the acceptance criteria for human comfort.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5306.pdf: 6510064 bytes, checksum: b7a3095b2eb1b62ba399cfe3a2684382 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-11 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This report investigates the structural behavior, procedures for analysis and design of externally prestressed steel-concrete composite beams. Based upon the requirements outlined in ABNT NRB 8800:2008 for conventional composite beams and in the literature review, a systematic procedure was developed to design of externally prestressed steel-concrete composite beams requested the positive bending moment. Was analyzed the main modes of global collapse, especially the ultimate limit state design (ELU), which may occur in this type of structure. Also, elaborated a parametric study aimed to analyze the influence of variation in the level of prestressing and the eccentricity of tendons, as well as the constructive methodology (pretensioning and posttensioning) adopted for the the prestressing steel profile that makes up the of steel-concrete composite beam. The parametric study showed that in both methods the predominant failure mode occurs in 2nd Stage of construction. In models of composite beams analyzed with application of pretensioned when the tendon is positioned above the bottom flange of the profile steel the failure mode occurred for the combined bending and axial compression .As for the composite beams evaluated with posttensioned, independent of the position of the tendon, the failure mode occurred in function of the bending moment more than the allowable flexural strength. However, it is noted that the level of prestressing can be adequately calculated to ensure that there is no loss of carrying capacity of the structure. It was also observed that regardless of the constructive methodology adopted, higher eccentricities result in higher bearing capacity for the steel beam, as exposed in the literature review. While in Brazil is largely unexplored, there was widespread interest in the international literature on the subject in question and their variances, giving rise to theoretical and experimental. Also been mentioned as potential applications in the design of new structures and the renovation and rehabilitation of existing structures. / O presente trabalho discorre sobre o comportamento estrutural, procedimentos de análise e dimensionamento de vigas mistas de aço e concreto protendidas externamente. Embasado nas prescrições expostas na norma ABNT NRB 8800:2008 para vigas mistas convencionais e na revisão bibliográfica, um procedimento de cálculo foi desenvolvido para o dimensionamento de vigas mistas de aço e concreto protendidas externamente e solicitadas a momento fletor positivo. Foram analisados os principais modos de colapso globais, com destaque nos estados limites de últimos (ELU), que podem ocorrer nesse tipo de estrutura. Além disso, elaborou-se um estudo paramétrico que teve como objetivo analisar a influência da variação do nível de protensão e da excentricidade dos cabos de protensão; bem como da metodologia construtiva (pré-tração e pós-tração) adotada para a protensão do perfil de aço que compõe a viga mista de aço e concreto. O estudo paramétrico demonstrou que em ambas as metodologias o modo de colapso predominante ocorre na 2ª Etapa de construção. Nos modelos de vigas mistas analisados com aplicação de pré-tração quando o cabo está posicionado acima da mesa inferior do perfil de aço o modo de falha ocorreu por flexo-compressão. Já para as vigas mistas avaliadas com pós-tração, independe da posição do cabo, ocorre em função do momento fletor solicitante superar o momento fletor resistente da seção. No entanto, observa-se que o nível de protensão pode ser adequadamente dimensionado de maneira que não provoque a perda da capacidade de suporte da estrutura. Observou-se ainda que independente da metodologia construtiva adotada, maiores excentricidades resultam em maior capacidade resistente para a viga de aço, corroborando os estudos expostos na revisão bibliográfica. Embora no Brasil seja pouco explorado, observou-se um amplo interesse na literatura internacional sobre o tema em questão e suas variâncias, dando origem a pesquisas teóricas e experimentais. Também se aponta como potencialidades de aplicação em projetos de novas estruturas bem como na recuperação e reabilitação de estruturas existentes.

Este trabalho de pesquisa apresenta como objetivo principal o desenvolvimento de investigação experimental dinâmica sobre estrutura real de uma passarela tubular mista aço-concreto. O sistema estrutural objeto deste trabalho corresponde a uma passarela composta por três vãos (32,5m, 17,5m e 20,0m, respectivamente) e dois balanços (7,50m e 5,0m, respectivamente), com comprimento total de 82,5m. A passarela com estrutura contínua de aço com as ligações soldadas se apoia em quatro pórticos também de aço. Estruturalmente está constituída por duas treliças planas que se interligam através de contraventamentos horizontais fixados na corda superior e inferior da treliça e lajes de concreto, formando um sistema misto com interação completa. A estrutura está submetida correntemente à travessia de pedestres e ciclistas. Testes experimentais foram realizados sobre o sistema estrutural e confrontados com resultados numéricos. Para a modelagem numérica do sistema são empregadas técnicas usuais de discretização, via método dos elementos finitos (MEF), por meio do programa ANSYS. Os resultados experimentais são analisados de acordo com a metodologia desenvolvida, sendo realizada análise modal experimental para a determinação das propriedades dinâmicas: freqüências, modos e taxa de amortecimento, enquanto que os resultados da estrutura, em termos de aceleração de pico, são comparados com os valores limites propostos por diversos autores, normas e recomendações de projeto, para uma avaliação do desempenho da estrutura em relação a vibração quando solicitada pelo caminhar dos pedestres no que diz respeito a critério para conforto humano. / This research has as main objective the development of a dynamical experimental investigation of a real structure a tubular composite steel-concrete footbridge. The structural system of this study corresponds to a footbridge composed by three spans (32,5m, 17,5m and 20,0m, respectively) and two overhangs (7,50m and 5,0m, respectively), spanning 82,5m. The investigated structural model is composed by a continuous tubular steel structure with welded connections supported by four double file steel columns. It is structurally composed of two plane trusses are intertwined by horizontal bracing set in upper and lower chord of the truss and slabs of concrete, forming effective composite with complete interaction. This structure is currently submitted to pedestrians and cyclists crossing. Experimental tests were carried out on the structural system and with the numerical results. For the numerical modeling, discretization techniques via finite element method were applied, based on the ANSYS program. The experimental results were analyzed according to the developed methodology, and a modal analysis was implemented to determine the dynamical properties: frequencies, mode shapes and modal damping ratio, while the structure results in terms of peak acceleration, was obtained and compared to the limit values proposed by several authors and design recommendations, for the structure performance by pedestrian walking regarding the acceptance criteria for human comfort.

En situation d’incendie, la dégradation des propriétés mécaniques des matériaux constitutifs d’une structure peut sensiblement en modifier le comportement global. Ainsi, lors d’essais au feu ou de sinistres réels, des flèches significatives sont observées sans ruine globale du plancher. Ceci traduit l’activation d’un mécanisme basé sur une borne supérieure de plasticité en grands déplacements et appelé effet membrane. Ainsi, malgré la perte des propriétés du béton, de l’acier d’armatures et de l’acier de construction des poutres connectées à une dalle en béton armé ou mixte acier-béton, la capacité portante de cette dalle se définit comme une fonction croissante de sa flèche. En pratique, le comportement complexe des planchers mixtes acier-béton peut être appréhendé par des modèles dits simplifiés ou avancés, suivant le niveau de précision souhaité. La méthode analytique FRACOF permet par exemple d’étudier un plancher global à température élevée, en se basant sur les modèles de comportement simplifiés des matériaux, acier et béton, définis dans les Eurocodes. Par cette méthode, la capacité portante d’une dalle peut alors être déterminée en tenant compte des profilés métalliques connectés à la dalle, et de l’activation d’un effet membrane en grands déplacements. Cette méthode analytique a été validée par une comparaison à des modèles éléments finis, ainsi qu’à des résultats d’essais au feu en grandeur nature. Elle est applicable à des profilés en acier laminé à chaud avec des portées pouvant atteindre 20 m. Or le franchissement de ces portées nécessite des sections de poutre à forte inertie, afin de limiter les flèches du plancher en service. Pour limiter la quantité d’acier que requerraient de telles poutres, le recours à des poutres cellulaires est une solution pratique et esthétique. Un modèle élément finis de poutres cellulaires en acier seul et mixtes est proposé dans le cadre de la thèse de doctorat. Le comportement thermo-mécanique des poutres cellulaires en acier seul est modélisé sous le code Cast3M. Les poutres mixtes sont modélisées en combinant un calcul de transfert thermique sous Cast3M et une analyse mécanique sous ANSYS. Les poutres en acier et la dalle en béton ou mixte sont représentées par des éléments de type coque. Les connecteurs sont représentés par des éléments de type poutre. Ce modèle tridimensionnel tient par ailleurs compte des non-linéarités matérielle et géométrique. Il est confronté à des résultats d’essais à températures normale et élevée. La validation du modèle est suivie d’une comparaison à une méthode analytique existante pour en vérifier la précision et le degré de conservatisme. Les poutres cellulaires sont ensuite étudiées en tant que partie intégrante de planchers mixtes acier-béton sous incendie. Un essai en grandeur nature sous feu réel met en évidence l’activation d’un effet membrane en présence de poutres cellulaires non-protégées, sans ruine du plancher. Les résultats de l’essai sont utilisés pour calibrer un modèle élément fini tridimensionnel. La calibration est effectuée en s’appuyant sur la distribution des températures dans les différents composants du plancher, la durée de résistance au feu, la forme des déformées et les modes de ruine. Ensuite, le modèle, qui peut reproduire le comportement thermo-mécanique d’un plancher mixte, est utilisé pour évaluer une proposition d’extension de la méthode FRACOF à des planchers mixtes comportant des poutres cellulaires. / In a fire situation, the decrease of the material properties of a structure can significantly modify its overall behaviour. Hence, during fire tests or real fires, very large deflections can be observed on a floor without any global collapse. This highlights the activation of a large-displacement plastic upper bound mechanism called membrane action. Thus, in spite of the property loss of concrete, reinforcement steel and constructional steel of the beams connected to a reinforced concrete or composite slab, the load bearing capacity of this slab is defined as an increasing function of its vertical deflection. In practice, the behaviour of composite steel and concrete floors can be assessed with simplified or advanced models, depending on the expected level of precision. For instance, the analytical method named FRACOF enables to study a whole floor at elevated temperatures, on the basis of the Eurocodes simplified models for the behaviour of steel and concrete. With this method, the load bearing capacity of a slab can then be estimated taking account of steel profiles connected to the slab and tensile membrane action in large displacements. This analytical method has been validated against finite elements models as well as results from full scale fire tests. It applies to hot-rolled steel profiles spanning up to 20 m. However, such spans require sections with a great moment of area to limit the floor deflection in serviceability state. In order to limit the amount of steel required, cellular beams can be utilized as a practical and aesthetical solution. A finite element model for steel and composite steel and concrete cellular beams is proposed in the scope of the PhD thesis. The thermo-mechanical behaviour of steel cellular beams is modelled under Cast3M code. Composite beams are modelled combining a heat transfer calculation under Cast3M to a mechanical analysis under ANSYS. The steel beams and the reinforced or composite slab are modelled with shell elements. The shear studs are modelled with beam elements. Besides, this 3D model takes into account both material and geometrical nonlinearities. It is compared with tests results at both normal and elevated temperatures. Once validated, the model is compared to an existing analytical method in order to check the precision and the level of conservatism of the latter. Then, cellular beams are studied as part of composite steel and concrete floors in a fire situation. A full-scale natural fire test puts into evidence tensile membrane action with unprotected cellular beams, without any overall collapse. The test results are used for calibrating a 3D finite element model. This calibration relies on the temperature distribution in the different parts of the floor components, the fire resistance degree, the deformed shape and the failure modes. The model, which can reproduce the thermo-mechanical behaviour of a composite floor, is then utilized for assessing an extension proposal of the FRACOF method to composite floors made of cellular beams.

Nuestro trabajo de investigación trata de evidenciar que todavía en nuestro país falta implementar tecnologías de protección sísmica, a pesar de que tenemos un silencio sísmico prolongado, hay autoridades que no han tomado las medidas preventivas para mitigar daños y pérdidas humanas. Por ello, ponemos énfasis en desarrollar opciones de construcción con acero para edificaciones de viviendas, oficinas, instituciones, etc., cabe resaltar que este sistema a diferencia del concreto nos proporciona mejores tiempos de construcción y en un eventual desastre, podría ser de mucha ventaja para una reconstrucción. Asimismo, analizamos la construcción con disipadores viscosos, que es un sistema que se está utilizando en nuestro país, pero todavía de manera muy incipiente, pero que evitarían el daño estructural y no estructural de las edificaciones, con lo cual se puede tener la continuidad del servicio, y evitar pérdida de vidas dentro de un sismo de gran magnitud. Consecuentemente, la investigación está dividida en 6 capítulos. En el primero, se presenta la descripción de nuestro proyecto de investigación. En el segundo, mediante el apoyo de bibliografía y artículos de investigación se explica los conceptos más importantes de disipadores viscosos y estructuras de acero compuestas. En el tercero, se detalla la estructuración y pre-dimensionamiento de nuestras edificaciones a analizar. En el cuarto, se desarrolla el análisis sísmico dinámico espectral y Tiempo Historia, y se pre dimensionan los disipadores viscosos. En el capítulo cinco se analiza el comportamiento de los disipadores viscosos con respecto a la deriva objetivo y se verifica si alcanza el amortiguamiento calculado. Finalmente, en el sexto capítulo, con los resultados anteriores se seleccionan los disipadores de acuerdo al catálogo del proveedor y se confirma el objetivo principal de la tesis. / Our research work tries to show that seismic protection technologies still need to be implemented in our country, although we have a prolonged seismic silence, there are authorities that have not taken preventive measures to mitigate damages and human losses. Therefore, we place emphasis on developing steel fabrication options for residential buildings, offices, institutions, etc., it should be noted that this system, unlike concrete, provides us with better construction times and in a possible disaster, it could be of great advantage for a reconstruction, we also designed with viscous heatsinks, which is a system that is being used in our country, but still very incipient. With them, structural and non-structural damage to buildings could be avoided, thereby ensuring continuity of service, and avoiding loss of life in a major earthquake. Consequently, the research is divided into 6 chapters. In the first, the description of our research project is presented. In the second, through the support of bibliography and research articles, the most important concepts of viscous dissipators and composite steel structures are explained. In the third, the structuring and pre-dimensioning of our buildings to be analyzed is detailed. In the fourth, the spectral dynamic seismic analysis and Time History are developed, and the viscous dissipators are pre-dimensioned. In chapter five the behavior of viscous dissipator with respect to the target drift is analyzed and it is verified if it reaches the calculated damping. Finally, in the sixth chapter, with the previous results, the dissipators are selected according to the supplier's catalog and the main objective of the thesis is confirmed. / Tesis

The object of this thesis is to design and assess steel structure of multi-storey office center in Vsetín. Floor plan dimensions of building are 48x40m. The building has ten floors. Overall height is 35,5m. The building ceilings made of composite steel and concrete structure. The part of build are roofer atrium and one bigger room aula with dimensions 24x16m. Two construction variants were designed and assessed. Longitudinal and transverse rigity of variant A is ensured by truss bracing. Transverse rigity of variant B is ensured by truss bracing and longitudinal rigity is braced by bracing frames. The variant A is better.

The final thesis deals with the design of the steel loadbearing structure of the shopping center situated in Brno. The built-up floor area is 1973 m2 (L-shaped ground plan with dimensions 48 m x 50 m). The construction consists of three parts. Building A has four above-ground floors and reaches a height of 25.5 m. The steel structure of mono-pitched roof is designed in two options. Both options consist of full-length purlins and truss girders. Building B is a single-storey building with a mono-pitched roof top reaching 8.1 m high. Building C is three-storey with a flat roof. The first floor has a construction height of 4.5 m and the remaining two floors reach height of 3.6 m, which coincide with building A. The steel structure is made of steel-concrete composite ceilings and pin-supported columns. In the case of bracings, pressure was eliminated by means of non-linearities.The work includes proposal, assessment of the supporting structure and calculation of the directional details. Internal forces were determined based on a static analysis in the SCIA Engineer calculation program.

The subject of this diploma thesis is design and check of two steel structures. A production hall with a floor plan dimensions 24x50 m and an administrative building with floor plan dimensions 54x30 m. Both buildings are situated in Prostějov. The structure of the production hall has a roof pitched at 12%. The main frames have 6 m centre to centre spacing. The design of the production hall is processed in two options. The administrative building has 4 floors. The floor structures are made of composite steel and concrete structure. The structure is stabilized by vertical bracings in both directions. The computational model of both structures was built up using SCIA Engineer software.

The diploma thesis deals with the design and assessment of the steel construction of the car showroom in Jihlava. The ground dimensions of the structure are 40,0 x 52,0 m and the height at the highest point is 13,14 m. The supporting structure consists of a truss girder consisting of a set of arches, outer columns and an inner column with a strut. This is a freebase system, the distance of the bindings is 4.0 m. In the framework of the work is elaborated the comparison of two variants, more suitable includes the static calculation of the main supporting parts, including the joints and details. The main construction material is steel, grade S 355.