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Accepted teaching and learning practices have undergone major changes during the past two decades. They have been underpinned by shifts in psychological and pedagogical theory, the most recent of which fit broadly under the heading of constructivism. During this time, there have also been significant changes in the development of Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) resources. These changes have tended to be driven by technological developments, such as the availability of desktop computers with multimedia capabilities, and more recently the increasing prominence of the Internet, rather than developments in teaching and learning theory. The aim of this research is to analyse the implications of a constructivist view of teaching and learning for the development of CAL resources. Specifically, the research attempts to describe the nature of constructivist CAL resources, before proposing a model for the development of such resources. The capabilities of existing tools for the development of constructivist CAL resources are also analysed. In looking at the nature of constructivist CAL resources, developments in pedagogical theory that have lead to the constructivist position are reviewed, along with constructivist theories of teaching practice. This body of theory is then synthesised into ten principles of constructivist teaching and learning. The implications of a constructivist view of teaching and learning for CAL resources are then examined. A range of constructivist CAL approaches are identified, and a classification scheme for constructivist CAL is proposed. This scheme involves the classification of a CAL approach according to the learner activities it facilitates, the input techniques used and the processing and output techniques used. The process of developing CAL resources is then addressed. The selection of CAL approaches that are likely to assist with the achievement of specific categories of learning outcome is recognised as being central to this process. Matrices relating categories of learning outcome to categories of learner activity and categories of learner activity to categories of input, processing and output technique are proposed. A model for developing CAL resources, that makes use of these matrices is proposed. In developing this model, instructional design models and software development models are reviewed. Finally, support provided by existing authoring tools, for the development of constructivist CAL resources using the proposed model is examined. Six of the most popular authoring tools, including tools designed primarily for CD-ROM based resource development and tools designed primarily for Web-based development are reviewed.

This thesis is concerned with the development of an effective learning environment in higher education for product design. The research and development undertaken focuses predominantly on the BSc (Hons) course in Computer Aided Product Design (BSc CAPD) at the University of Wolverhampton, in the UK. Conceived in 1989 as a collaborative venture between the School of Engineering and the School of Art and Design, it was in the vanguard of a new wave of product design initiatives in the higher education sector that had a multidisciplinary approach. It was one of the first degrees within the institution to adopt an integrated approach, integrating engineering design from the former with industrial design from the latter, developing a mixture of technical and design skills using the computer. It aims at developing an employable graduate designer with a richer blend of skills and possessing a greater awareness of the relationship between Design and Manufacture in the specialist field of Computer Aided Product Design. The research documents the growth of Product Design courses in the UK over this period of time and a comparison is made of the BSc CAPD course with the Industrial Design Engineering degree at the Technical University of Delft in Holland, considered exemplary in its field. The thesis reviews BSc CAPD's integrated approach over the first decade in terms of providing an effective learning environment for product design and achieving the aims and objectives of the course, as set out in Chapter 2 (2.3.2.1 Aims) and (2.3.2.2 Course Objectives). The effective learning environment in product design is achieved and documented in the thesis as follows: - The integration of engineering and art and design staff to deliver the curriculum." Education linked to Product Design, the project base, especially live projects, in providing the vehicle to BSc CAPD's integrated approach to curriculum development, teaching and learning. Integration of computers into the design curriculum. Technology supported learning in product design. The evaluation of Video Conferencing in a distance learning environment and the development of a Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) package / tutor system for teaching 2D CAD. Creativity / Innovation in Product Design. Industrial needs for designers (Designer's Skills). Developing a student's taxonomyof Design skills (Designer's checklist of skills).

The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the use of computer aided learning (CAL) in undergraduate accounting education and establish its potential as a medium of instruction.  In the thesis the use of CAL in accounting is explored in three major stages:  first, established educational theories of learning and instruction are reviewed to identify a conceptual framework within which appropriate research questions can be formulated, second, established educational research methods are explored to identify an analytical framework within which the research questions can be meaningfully addressed, third, elements of the conceptual and analytical framework are combined to devise an experimental framework within which the use of CAL in accounting can be assessed and evaluated;  this framework is used to critically examine existing empirical studies of CAL in accounting and also to support an experimental analysis of two CAL applications.  The results of the experimental analysis suggest that the use of CAL does not adversely affect student performance and that the courseware used in the experiments provides an acceptable alternative to conventional instruction;  however, the analysis also suggests that a comprehensive insight into the efficacy of CAL can only be obtained through an appropriate combination of both quantitative and qualitative research elements.  In addition, it is suggested that any future evaluation of CAL should consider its potential impact on student learning processes and the election of an ‘approach to learning’.

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