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<p>This thesis will discuss a novel method of tracking the Sun. An essential aspect of the method is to rotate a polar aligned single axis tracker such that the angle between the direction of the Sun and the normal of the module remains at a constant angle of 23.44 degrees or a few degrees more. The rotational symmetry that arises from this circumstance enables seasonal tracking to occur inside the module whilst maintaining efficient concentration. Several possible optical designs and a preferred optical design are presented as a way of implementing the tracking method. The tracking method is also open to a plethora of different concentrator photovoltaic system designs which may be integrated onto rooftops more effectively than conventional dual axis tracking systems.</p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

High efficiency multi-junction (MJ) solar cells were packaged onto receiver systems. The efficiency change of concentrator cells under continuous high intensity illumination was done. Also, assessment of the receiver design on the overall performance of a Fresnel-type concentration system was investigated. We present on receiver designs including simulation results of their three-dimensional thermal operation and experimental results of tested packaged receivers to understand their efficiency in real world operation. Thermal measurements from solar simulators were obtained and used to calibrate the model in simulations. The best tested efficiency of 36.5% is obtained on a sample A receiver under 260 suns concentration by the XT-30 solar simulator and the corresponding cell operating temperature is ~30.5°C. The optimum copper thickness of a 5 cm by 5 cm simulated alumina receiver design was determined to be 6 mm and the corresponding cell temperature under 1000 suns concentration is ~36°C during operation.

High efficiency multi-junction (MJ) solar cells were packaged onto receiver systems. The efficiency change of concentrator cells under continuous high intensity illumination was done. Also, assessment of the receiver design on the overall performance of a Fresnel-type concentration system was investigated. We present on receiver designs including simulation results of their three-dimensional thermal operation and experimental results of tested packaged receivers to understand their efficiency in real world operation. Thermal measurements from solar simulators were obtained and used to calibrate the model in simulations. The best tested efficiency of 36.5% is obtained on a sample A receiver under 260 suns concentration by the XT-30 solar simulator and the corresponding cell operating temperature is ~30.5°C. The optimum copper thickness of a 5 cm by 5 cm simulated alumina receiver design was determined to be 6 mm and the corresponding cell temperature under 1000 suns concentration is ~36°C during operation.

High efficiency multi-junction (MJ) solar cells were packaged onto receiver systems. The efficiency change of concentrator cells under continuous high intensity illumination was done. Also, assessment of the receiver design on the overall performance of a Fresnel-type concentration system was investigated. We present on receiver designs including simulation results of their three-dimensional thermal operation and experimental results of tested packaged receivers to understand their efficiency in real world operation. Thermal measurements from solar simulators were obtained and used to calibrate the model in simulations. The best tested efficiency of 36.5% is obtained on a sample A receiver under 260 suns concentration by the XT-30 solar simulator and the corresponding cell operating temperature is ~30.5°C. The optimum copper thickness of a 5 cm by 5 cm simulated alumina receiver design was determined to be 6 mm and the corresponding cell temperature under 1000 suns concentration is ~36°C during operation.

High efficiency multi-junction (MJ) solar cells were packaged onto receiver systems. The efficiency change of concentrator cells under continuous high intensity illumination was done. Also, assessment of the receiver design on the overall performance of a Fresnel-type concentration system was investigated. We present on receiver designs including simulation results of their three-dimensional thermal operation and experimental results of tested packaged receivers to understand their efficiency in real world operation. Thermal measurements from solar simulators were obtained and used to calibrate the model in simulations. The best tested efficiency of 36.5% is obtained on a sample A receiver under 260 suns concentration by the XT-30 solar simulator and the corresponding cell operating temperature is ~30.5°C. The optimum copper thickness of a 5 cm by 5 cm simulated alumina receiver design was determined to be 6 mm and the corresponding cell temperature under 1000 suns concentration is ~36°C during operation.

Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment; Master of Science in Engineering; Research Report / The primary objective of this study was to develop a methodology for evaluating how the reliability profile of the typical South African Platinum concentrator plant is affected by firstly the size of the primary milling units incorporated in the circuit and secondly by the way that the primary milling units are configured. A methodology, together with a set of general expressions is presented which considers the Platinum concentrator as a stochastic process where the behaviour of the primary mill is a direct measure of the failure pattern of the overall concentrator. The reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) of the primary mill, and hence the overall concentrator, is then determined by a combination of three different Markov models where each Markov model is used to evaluate and measure a separate set of reliability parameters. This approach effectively overcomes the computational complexity associated with large Markov models. The results of two case studies used to validate the methodology do indicate that the reliability, availability and maintainability profiles of large single stream Platinum concentrators could be fundamentally different from the conventional multiple stream primary mill configurations.

The topic of this thesis is solar pump Neodymium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser, the research of characteristics is that natural sunlight is used as pumped source in instead of diode laser, pulsed Xenon lamp, Krypton arc lamp¡Ketc. In order to reduce use of electric power. By using solar concentrator system, concentration is reached to 8.89 ¡Ñ (10^10). This ratio is set to end pump Neodymium doped YAG. The output power is up to 17.54mW, and the laser slope efficiency is up to 0.04% . On application, If lasers are needed in remote locations where sunlight is abundant and other forms of energy are scarce, a solar laser would seem to be a natural choice.

The  aim  of  this  master  thesis  is  an  investigation  of  the  thermal  performance  of  a  thermal compound parabolic concentrating (CPC) collector from Solarus. The collector consists of two troughs with absorbers which are coated with different types of paint with  unknown  properties.  The  lower  and  upper  trough  of  the  collector  have  been  tested individually. In  order  to  accomplish  the  performance  of  the  two  collectors,  a  thorough  literature  study  in  the  fields  of  CPC  technology,  various  test  methods,  test  standards  for  solar thermal  collectors  as  well  as  the  latest  articles  relating  on  the  subject  were  carried  out. In addition, the set‐up of the thermal test rig was part of the thesis as well. The thermal  performance  was  tested  according  to  the  steady  state  test  method  as  described in the European standard 12975‐2. Furthermore, the thermal performance of  a  conventional  flat  plate  collector  was  carried  out  for  verification  of  the  test  method. The  CPC‐Thermal  collector  from  Solarus  was  tested  in  2013  and  the  results  showed  four  times  higher  values  of  the  heat  loss  coefficient  UL (8.4  W/m²K)  than  what  has been reported for a commercial collector from Solarus. This value was assumed to be too large and it was assumed that the large value was a result of the test method used that time. Therefore, another aim was the comparison of the results achieved in this work with the results from the tests performed in 2013. The results of the thermal performance showed that the optical efficiency of the lower trough of the CPC‐T collector is 77±5% and the corresponding heat loss coefficient UL 4.84±0.20  W/m²K.  The  upper  trough  achieved  an  optical  efficiency  of  75±6  %  and  a  heat loss coefficient UL of 6.45±0.27 W/m²K. The results of the heat loss coefficients  are  valid  for  temperature  intervals  between  20°C  and  80°C.  The  different  absorber paintings have a significant impact on the results, the lower trough performs overall better.  The  results  achieved  in  this  thesis  show  lower  heat  loss  coefficients UL and higher optical efficiencies compared to the results from 2013.

O objetivo deste trabalho é de avaliar o desempenho do concentrador Falcon® no beneficiamento de finos de carvão. Para tal foi usada uma amostra de carvão ROM da mina LEÃO II. Nos ensaios foi usado o concentrador Falcon® modelo L40. As variáveis operacionais estudadas foram: a aceleração da centrífuga, a granulometria da alimentação e a pressão da água de fluidização. Para todos os ensaios realizados na faixa granulométrica -0,25mm as taxas de rejeição de enxofre variaram entre 42,55% e 69,51%, e a recuperação da matéria orgânica variou entre 65,79% e 95,85%. Na faixa granulométrica de -0,5+0,25mm o valor mínimo da rejeição de enxofre total foi de 53,63% e o máximo de 75,22%. A recuperação de matéria orgânica variou entre 57,77% e 90,86%. Já a rejeição de cinzas mostra as taxas mais baixas para a faixa granulométrica-0,25mm, que varia entre 11,78% a 46,87%, comparada à faixa granulométrica de -0,5+0,25mm que apresenta valores entre 29,98% e 60,42%. Em geral o processo mostrou-se mais eficiente quando operado com valores baixos de aceleração (78G), e pressão de água relativamente baixa (entre 4 e 8Psi). / This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Falcon® concentrator in beneficiation of fine coal. A sample from LEAO II ROM and a L40 Falcon® concentrator was used for all tests. Operating variables studied were: G forces, the feed particle size and the water backpressure. For the tests performed with samples of -0.25mm particle size, sulfur rejection rates ranged from 42.55% to 69.51%, and the coal recovery ranged from 65.79% to 95.85%. In the -0.5+0.25mm size fraction the minimum value of total sulfur rejection was 53.63% and a maximum of 75.22%. The recovery of organic matter ranged from 57.77% to 90.86%. The ash rejection shows the lowest rates for the -0.25mm particle size, ranging from 11.78% to 46.87%, compared to -0.5+0.25mm size fraction which has values between 29.98 % and 60.42%. In general the process was more efficient when operated at low values of G-Force (78G), and low water pressure (4 and 8Psi).