Diss. Linköping : Univ.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate several areas of agreement and disagreement as outlined by or suggested by given data related to concept formation and intelligence. For the purpose of this study, a concept was operationally defined as a response to a stimulus whereby that stimulus is defined as having a discernible parameter of meaning. The present study was also designed to investigate the probability that a concept is formed mechanically, as a function of an individual's ability to utilize his experience.

Au May Lan Alma Mary Gerardina. / "August 2000." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-73). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / A proposta do estudo consiste na anÃlise do conceito AlteraÃÃo da percepÃÃo sensorial tÃtil em pacientes com Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC), realizada com anÃlise da literatura e opiniÃo de peritos. O estudo visa possivelmente atualizar a taxonomia de DiagnÃsticos de Enfermagem (DE), tendo em vista que o DE referente a essa alteraÃÃo nÃo consta mais na classificaÃÃo da NANDA Internacional (NANDA-I), apesar de alteraÃÃes na percepÃÃo sensorial tÃtil serem identificadas frequentemente em pacientes com AVC. Os objetivos do estudo sÃo: Analisar o conceito AlteraÃÃo da percepÃÃo sensorial tÃtil em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral. Identificar atributos crÃticos, antecedentes e consequentes de AlteraÃÃo da percepÃÃo sensorial tÃtil em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral; Apresentar as definiÃÃes conceituais e as referÃncias empÃricas de AlteraÃÃo da percepÃÃo sensorial tÃtil em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral; Validar com peritos a definiÃÃo conceitual (conceito diagnÃstico), os antecedentes (fatores relacionados) e os consequentes (caracterÃsticas definidoras) da AlteraÃÃo da percepÃÃo sensorial tÃtil. Foram realizadas duas etapas: na primeira foram identificados atributos, antecedentes e consequentes de AlteraÃÃes da percepÃÃo sensorial tÃtil em pacientes com AVC com base na literatura, a partir da busca nas bases de dados: Scopus, Pubmed e Cinahl, alÃm de consulta a livros texto; e a segunda consistiu em verificar a opiniÃo de peritos a respeito do conceito (conceito diagnÃstico), dos antecedentes (fatores relacionados) e consequentes (caracterÃsticas definidoras), com suas respectivas definiÃÃes conceituais e referÃncias empÃricas desse fenÃmeno. ApÃs a realizaÃÃo das etapas propostas obtiveram-se os seguintes resultados: IdentificaÃÃo dos atributos crÃticos, fatores relacionados e caracterÃsticas definidoras do fenÃmeno AlteraÃÃo da percepÃÃo sensorial tÃtil em pacientes com AVC, possibilitando a reformulaÃÃo do conceito dessa condiÃÃo clÃnica. De acordo com a AnÃlise de conceito e apÃs a validaÃÃo por peritos, o fenÃmeno AlteraÃÃo da percepÃÃo sensorial tÃtil em pacientes com AVC envolve trÃs atributos crÃticos: EstÃmulo ideal, RecepÃÃo intacta e AlteraÃÃo na interpretaÃÃo. Esses atributos possibilitaram a construÃÃo do conceito: AlteraÃÃo ou incapacidade de interpretar estÃmulos que entram em contato com a superfÃcie corporal do indivÃduo, fornecidos em condiÃÃes ideais e com recepÃÃo intacta pelos receptores tÃteis cutÃneos superficiais e profundos. Quanto aos componentes do fenÃmeno, foram definidos os fatores relacionados com seus respectivos conceitos e definiÃÃes operacionais: Gravidade do AVC e LocalizaÃÃo do AVC. Foram determinadas as caracterÃsticas definidoras com seus respectivos conceitos e definiÃÃes operacionais: AlteraÃÃo na percepÃÃo de toque leve, AlteraÃÃo na percepÃÃo de pressÃo, AlteraÃÃo na percepÃÃo de temperatura, AlteraÃÃo na percepÃÃo de textura, AlteraÃÃo na estereognosia, ExtinÃÃo de um estÃmulo simultÃneo, AlteraÃÃo na percepÃÃo de localizaÃÃo tÃtil e DiscriminaÃÃo somatossensorial prejudicada. Espera-se que os resultados obtidos possam ser aplicados na assistÃncia a pessoas com AVC com alteraÃÃes sensoriais tÃteis, possibilitando uma prÃtica de cuidado mais extensiva e fundamentada no conhecimento cientÃfico. Ademais, espera-se que o desenvolvimento deste estudo seja um passo inicial e importante para uma nova inclusÃo desta resposta humana na taxonomia de diagnÃsticos de enfermagem da NANDA-I. / The purpose of the study is to analyze the concept of Alteration tactile sensory perception in patients with stroke, performed with analysis of literature and opinion of experts. The study aims to update the taxonomy of nursing diagnoses (ND), considering that the ND regarding this change does not appear more in the classification of NANDA International (NANDA-I), despite the change of tactile sensory perception often be identified in patients with stroke. The study objectives are: To analyze the concept of Alteration in tactile sensory perception in patients with stroke. Identify critical attributes, antecedents and consequences of Alteration in tactile sensory perception in patients with stroke; introduced the conceptual definitions and references empirical Alteration in tactile sensory perception in patients with stroke; Validate experts with the conceptual definition (diagnostic concept), background (related factors) and the resulting (defining characteristics) of Alteration in tactile sensory perception. There were two stages, the first identified attributes, antecedents and consequences of Alteration of tactile sensory perception in people with stroke based on the literature, form the search in databases: Scopus, Pubmed and Cinahl and consulting textbooks; and the second check in the opinion of the experts, about the concept (concept diagnosis), the background ( related factors) and consequent (defining characteristics), with their definitions conceptual and empirical references this phenomenon. After, performing the steps proposed produced the following results: Identification of critical attributes, related factors and defining characteristics of the phenomenon Alteration of tactile sensory perception in patients with stroke, enabling the reformulation of the concept of this clinical condition. According to the analysis of concept and after validation by experts, the phenomenon Alteration of tactile sensory perception in patients with stroke involves three critical attributes: Stimulus ideal, Reception intact and Change in interpretation. These attributes allowed the construction of the concept: Change or inability to interpret stimuli that come into contact with the individual body surface, provided ideal conditions for reception and tactile receptors by intact skin and shallow. As for the components of the phenomenon were defined factors associated with their respective concepts and operational definitions: Severity of stroke and stroke location. Defining characteristics were determined with their respective concepts and operational definitions: Change in perception of light touch, Change in perception of pressure, Change in perception of temperature, Change in the perception of texture, Change in stereognosis, Extinction a simultaneous stimuli, Change in perception of tactile location and Discrimination somatosensory impaired. It is hoped that the results can be applied in assisting people with stroke with tactile sensory changes making the practice more extensive care and based on scientific knowledge. Moreover, it is expected that the development of this study is an initial step to a new and important inclusion of human response in the taxonomy of nursing diagnoses from NANDA-I.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / A resiliÃncia surge como mecanismo facilitador do processo de desenvolvimento humano. Representa um tipo de plasticidade que pode ser traduzida como o potencial de mudanÃa do indivÃduo e sua flexibilidade e resistÃncia para lidar com desafios e exigÃncias. O estudo da resiliÃncia à recente, mas, de uma forma geral, os estudos tÃm tentado compreender o papel desta na infÃncia e na adolescÃncia. Diante desse cenÃrio, surge a necessidade de conhecer como se constitui o fenÃmeno da resiliÃncia no idoso uma vez que o seu esclarecimento representa um ganho para a melhor compreensÃo e promoÃÃo do tema na atenÃÃo gerontolÃgica. O estudo buscou analisar e desenvolver o conceito de resiliÃncia no envelhecimento, tendo como objetivo elaborar uma estrutura conceitual com base em anÃlise teÃrica e empÃrica dos atributos, antecedentes e consequentes do fenÃmeno. Como mÃtodo de construÃÃo utilizou-se o modelo hÃbrido de anÃlise conceitual proposto por Swartz-Barcott e Kim (2000). A anÃlise da literatura (fase teÃrica) e das entrevistas com idosos e profissionais (fase de campo) permitiu a maior compreensÃo da manifestaÃÃo do fenÃmeno nos diversos cenÃrios em que o idoso està inserido e a apresentaÃÃo de uma estrutura conceitual que de forma sucinta pretende esclarecer o tema preenchendo as lacunas das definiÃÃes encontradas na literatura. Os antecedentes observados nas duas fases do estudo demonstram que a resiliÃncia no envelhecimento està relacionada diretamente com o apoio social e a experiÃncia acumulada na superaÃÃo de adversidades. Quanto aos atributos do conceito destacam-se a melhor adaptaÃÃo as adversidades, otimismo, aceitaÃÃo dos prÃprios limites e da idade alÃm de forÃa de vontade, autoestima e autonomia. Por fim, os consequentes observados como longevidade com qualidade de vida; comportamento de busca de saÃde; bem-estar psicolÃgico e saÃde mental; bom humor; estilo de vida saudÃvel; aceitaÃÃo do envelhecimento; enquadramento na sociedade, respeito e receptividade alÃm de um envelhecimento ativo e saudÃvel demonstram os benefÃcios que advÃm da manutenÃÃo de comportamentos resilientes pelo idoso. O conceito mostrou-se aplicÃvel e relevante para a enfermagem. Os profissionais da saÃde entre eles o enfermeiro podem utilizar o conceito como uma ferramenta facilitadora da atenÃÃo à pessoa idosa. Um dos principais resultados do estudo mesmo que em pequena escala à a possibilidade de tornar-se um meio de divulgaÃÃo do conceito de resiliÃncia no envelhecimento. Poderà ser fonte de pesquisa para aqueles que desejarem conhecer o conceito e desenvolver intervenÃÃes direcionadas a esta populaÃÃo alÃm de estimular o desenvolvimento de outros estudos acerca da temÃtica.

According to Treisman (Treisman and Schmidt, 1982) feature detection occurs in parallel, while the correct integration of detected features into an object requires focal attention. She has proposed that in the absence of attention, subjects will perceive "illusory conjunctions", or invented objects constructed out of features actually present in a display. The present experiments were designed to examine how the presence of expectations might affect the feature integration process and the construction of illusory conjunctions. The results of these experiments suggest that expectations do affect the perception of simple objects: subjects make more illusory conjunctions in the absence of expectations, and the perception of expected objects is the most accurate. However, the data indicate that expectations do not exert this influence by guiding the feature integration process, because subjects do not tend to construct expected objects out of features appearing in a display. As a result, it is likely that expectations are influential not by determining the construction of object files, but by speeding up the identification of the features of expected objects, so that focal attention can be applied, and object files constructed, more efficiently. As a result, the perception of expected objects can be accurately accomplished in a shorter amount of time. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

The ability to classify complex visual forms was studied in three, four, and five year old children. Each subject performed two tasks based on two classes of computer-generated stimuli. The oddity task required the identification of the odd form in a set of three eight-sided polygons. The sequential task required the assignment of each sequentially presented single polygon to one of two classes. No feedback was given. The results revealed a marked developmental change in classification ability occurring between about 4 1/2 and 5 1/2 years of age. The oddity task appeared to be a more sensitive test of class concept formation. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

The problem of this study is the development of a theoretical structure underlying a conceptual approach to teaching with special consideration given to vocal teaching.

Após levantar um breve histórico do conceito de sociedade civil na tradição filosófica ocidental, com especial atenção para as obras dos jusnaturalistas (Hobbes, Locke e Rousseau), Hegel e Gramsci, buscando identificar quais transformações sofreu este conceito ao longo do tempo, apresentamos um panorama do cenário historiográfico norte-americano, apresentando suas principais escolas, com ênfase em três momentos: a tensão entre amadores e profissionais, que estabelece o campo profissional; a hegemonia progressista da nova história (década de 1930), e a transição do consensualismo para o período multifacetado em que surge a história das minorias. Por último, analisamos 41 artigos da American Historical Review, de 1947 a 1992. O objetivo do trabalho foi compreender quais os sentidos atribuídos a este termo, pensando qual sua relação com os clássicos que pensaram este conceito, bem como com os interesses ideológicos em jogo no cenário intelectual norte-americano. / After a brief review of the concept of civil society in the Western philosophical tradition, with special attention to the works of natural law philosophers (Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau), Hegel and Gramsci, and seeking to identify how this concept has changed over time, we present an overview of North American historiography and its main schools, with emphasis on three points: the tension between amateur and professional historians establishing the professional field, the hegemony of the progressive \"new history\" (1930s), and the transition period from consensualism to the appearance of multi-faceted history of minorities. Finally, we analyze 41 American Historical Review articles from 1947 to 1992. The aim is to understand the meanings attributed to the expression civil society, reflecting upon their relationship with the classics that forge this concept, as well as with the ideological interests within the American intellectual scene.

Abstraction is an inductive process through which specific details become united by a general concept. Abstraction incorporates two sub-skills: concept identification which involves recognizing patterns created by an external agent, and concept formation which is more difficult, requiring independent creation of a schema to organize information. Impairments in concept identification and formation are theorized to underlie a variety of practical difficulties of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; e.g., failure to generalize learning in one context to a similar, but new context). However, past research has yielded mixed results, with some finding significant impairment and others finding intact concept identification and formation. Contradictory findings may be due to differences in assessment methodology. We assessed concept identification and formation abilities using the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Sorting task. We hypothesized that (1) we would replicate previous findings of intact concept identification but impaired concept formation in individuals with ASD (Minshew et al., 2002); (2) impairments in concept formation would remain even after accounting for differences in IQ, working memory ability, and test anxiety; and (3) worse impairments would be associated with more severe autism symptoms. The sample consisted of 27 high-functioning (IQ > 80) adolescents with ASD and 27 age- (M 14.8 years) and IQ- (M 102.8) matched typically-developing controls. One-way ANOVAs explored group differences on task performance variables. As hypothesized, our sample demonstrated intact concept identification abilities, F(1, 52) = 2.90, p = 0.095, but impaired concept formation abilities, F(1, 52) = 6.53, p = 0.01. A linear regression analysis revealed that working memory ability and test anxiety were not significant predictors of concept formation abilities. After accounting for IQ in a regression model, our hypothesis was partly borne out in that individuals with ASD continued to show impairment in concept formation, yet at trend-level significance (p = 0.058). Two-tailed Pearson correlations revealed no significant correlations between a measure of autism symptomatology and concept formation or concept identification ability. Our findings add to a growing body of research showing a dissociation between concept identification and concept formation abilities in individuals with ASD. This dissociation existing at trend-level significance after statistically controlling for IQ suggests that it may exist across levels of cognitive functioning in ASD. Our finding that concept formation ability was not significantly associated with a measure autism symptomatology somewhat weakens the theoretical significance of concept formation deficits in ASD.