No presente trabalho trata-se de um estudo da contribuição de painéis pré-moldados de fechamento no enrijecimento da estrutura principal, com relação às ações laterais. Inicialmente são apontados os critérios correntes de dimensionamento dos painéis pré-moldados de fechamento sem a consideração da interação destes com a estrutura principal. Em seguida, são desenvolvidas simulações numéricas em três exemplos com o objetivo de avaliar tal efeito. Estes exemplos englobam as seguintes situações: painel isolado, estrutura de um pavimento e uma estrutura de vários pavimentos. Os principias parâmetros analisados são os deslocamentos na estrutura principal, os esforços nas ligações e as tensões nos painéis. Os resultados obtidos mostram a importância da contribuição dos painéis no enrijecimento da estrutura principal. Na estrutura de um único pavimento analisada, a consideração de interação possibilita a passagem de situação em que os efeitos globais de segunda ordem são relevantes para aquela em que tais efeitos são desprezíveis. Para a estrutura analisada de vários pavimentos, a consideração de interação resulta em significativas economias de materiais apontando para economia da ordem de 20% na estrutura principal. Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que os painéis de fechamento pode ser incorporados numa estratégia de projeto, possibilitando economia na estrutura principal. / This work presents a study of the precast panels contribution in the main frame stiffness, subjected to lateral loads. At first, currents criteria of panels design are analyzed, without considering the interaction with the main frame. After that, three examples are calculated using numerical simulation to evaluate this effect. These examples include the following situations: a single panel, an one-story frame and a multi-story frame. The parameters are: the frame displacements, the connections efforts and the panels tensions. The results show the magnitude of the panels contribution. In fact, to the one-story frame, it was possible to pass from a flexible structure where the second-order effects must be taken into account to an other one where this effects could be neglected. For the multi-story frame analysis, the panels contribution produced an effective material economy of about 20% (and consequent cost reduction). Basing on these results, one can conclude that the infill panels can be included in the design strategy with economy for the structural system.

Submitted by Jakeline Ortega (jakortega@unoeste.br) on 2018-09-21T18:11:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Jacqueline Roberta Tamashiro - resumo.pdf: 51113 bytes, checksum: 54bab18aa252772921b9b51e3a002aec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-21T18:11:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Jacqueline Roberta Tamashiro - resumo.pdf: 51113 bytes, checksum: 54bab18aa252772921b9b51e3a002aec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The process of industrialization, population growth and globalization have led, over the decades, to the increase of industrial activities and intensive and mechanized agriculture, which consequently triggered in disorderly urbanization and increased consumption. These demands have generated until the present day, numerous environmental problems, ranging from the exploratory extraction of natural resources, many of them almost extinct, to the disposal of the residues generated by the manufactured products. This scenario has its aggravating, irregular accumulation of this waste. The construction industry uses non-renewable raw materials in abundance, consuming a large amount of energy in the extraction of inputs, in the production of materials and in the transportation of both. Appropriate treatment and recycling of the generated waste may be the most viable to stop the exploration of degraded areas caused by the disordered extraction. This research aims at the mechanical fabrication and characterization of recycled concrete prototypes and precast concrete panels from Presidente Prudente, and vinasse, a by-product of a sugar and alcohol mills in the Western Region of the State of São Paulo. The methodological process involves the sampling of the recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and the characterization of the raw material (RCA, cement, sand and gravel) using grain size distribution, grains form, specific mass, water absorption and swelling tests. In sequence, the step manufacturing different traits reproduced in many lots of samples, as well as the physical characterization of the fresh mass by the slump test; setting time of paste (Vicat), pH value and the physical characterization of the test specimens through resistance to mechanical compression strength and mass monitoring. Subsequently, it follows the stage of the manufacture of new test specimens of the trace that presented better results in the previous stage. This trait was physically characterized by porosity; (X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Absorption, Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR-FTIR)), optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Finally, the last step involved the fabrication of the prototype of the precast concrete panels and the physical tests (mass monitoring, strength of the surface hardness by the sclerometer and flexural tensile strength in a prismatic prototype). The results indicate the feasibility of use as a constructive material, they also indicate the possibility of minimizing the environmental impacts, by reusing them within the civil construction cycle. / O processo de industrialização, o crescimento populacional e a globalização acarretaram, ao longo das décadas, no aumento das atividades industriais e na agricultura intensiva e mecanizada, que por consequência, desencadearam na urbanização desordenada e no maior consumo. Tais demandas geraram até os dias atuais inúmeros problemas ambientais, que envolvem desde a extração exploratória de recursos naturais, muitos dos quais quase extintos, até o descarte dos resíduos gerados pelos produtos fabricados. Este cenário tem seu agravante, o acúmulo irregular destes resíduos. A indústria da construção civil utiliza em abundância matéria-prima não renovável, consome grande quantidade de energia na extração de insumos, na produção de materiais e no transporte de ambos. O tratamento adequado e a reciclagem dos resíduos gerados pode ser o meio mais viável para cessar a exploração de áreas degradadas provocadas pela extração desordenada. Esta pesquisa visa a fabricação e caracterização mecânica de protótipos e placas pré-moldadas de concreto reciclado do descarte de obras da construção civil, de Presidente Prudente e, vinhaça, subproduto de uma usina de açúcar e álcool da Região Oeste do Estado de São Paulo. O processo metodológico contempla a amostragem do agregado de resíduo de concreto (ARC) e a caraterização da matéria-prima (ARC, cimento, areia e brita basáltica) através das técnicas de granulometria, formato dos grãos, massa específica, absorção de água e ensaio de inchamento. Em sequência, a etapa fabricação de diferentes traços reproduzidos em lotes de corpos de prova, bem como a caracterização física da massa fresca pelas técnicas de consistência e abatimento (slump test); tempo de pega da pasta (Vicat) e potencial hidrogeniônico (pH) e a caracterização física dos corpos de prova via resistência à compressão mecânica e monitoramento da massa. Posteriormente, segue a etapa da fabricação de novos corpos de prova do traço que apresentou melhores resultados na etapa anterior. Este traço foi caracterizado fisicamente pelas técnicas de porosidade ou índice de vazios superficiais; caracterização estrutural (Microscopia Ótica (MO), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Difração de Raios-x (DRX), Absorção no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier modo ATR (ATR-FTIR)). Por fim, na última etapa compreendeu a fabricação do protótipo da placa pré-moldada e os ensaios físicos da mesma (avaliação da dureza superficial pelo esclerômetro de reflexão e resistência à tração na flexão em um protótipo prismático). Os resultados apresentados indicam a viabilidade de utilização como um material construtivo, indicam ainda a possibilidade de minimização dos impactos ambientais, através da reutilização dos mesmos dentro do ciclo da construção civil.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering; and, (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: p. 175-178. / by Joseph Gilmary Burns. / M.S.

Pseudo-dynamic testing was employed to observe the seismic performance of three different retrofit methods on two story three bay reinforced concrete frame structures. The three test frames have hollow clay tile (HCT) infills in the central bay. All of the test frames represent the seismic deficiencies of the Turkish construction practice such as use of plain reinforcing bars, low strength concrete and insufficient confining steel. Two non-invasive and occupant friendly retrofit schemes suggested in the Turkish Earthquake Code, namely use of Fiber Reinforced Polymers and precast concrete panels integrated on the HCT infills and traditional approach of adding concrete infill wall were employed. Specimens were subjected to three different scale levels of North-South component of Duzce ground motion. Reference specimen experienced severe damage at 100% scale level and reached collapse stage due to the loss of integrity of the infill wall and significant damage on the boundary columns. The retrofitted test structures were able to survive the highest level 140% Duzce ground motion. Test results confirmed the success of the retrofit methods for simulated earthquake loads.

This master’s thesis focuses on the preparation of project documentation for construction of a four-storey multifunction building. The building is located in Říčany u Prahy. The longer facades of the multipurpose house are facing to the east and west and its gables are facing to the south and north. The building is divided by a staircase into two virtually identical parts. The perimeter wall on the ground floor is at its eastern facade recessed. This allowed to create a covered archway over the entrance the commercial part of the house. The surface of the facades of the second to fourth storey is divided by loggias and terraces. The commercial spaces are located on the ground floor and there is a total of 24 apartments on the rest of the storeys. The vertical supporting structures are made of the Porotherm system, the ceilings are made of precast reinforced concrete panels. The structure's roofing is a flat roof.

This master’s thesis focuses on the preparation of project documentation for construction part of a multifunction building. This buildig has a five floors, the first one is a underground and four of them are above grand. The building is located in part of Prague – Dolní Chabry. Building has a rectangle shape which isin the midle shifted and makes two similar section. Each sectin has own main entry, stairs and lifts. Orientation the longer facades of the multipurpose house are facing to south and north in the longer asis. Garage for resident is located in the lowest floor. In the first floor above ground is commercial part of the house, six commercial spaces. In the rest of the floors are located 26 apartments. Vertical structure are made of the Porother systém and Best systém, celings are meda from prefaricated reinforced concrete panels. Structure of the roof is solid by single skin flat roof.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to elaborate project documentation of a new-build mixed-use building in Moravske Budejovice, in the cadastral area of Moravske Budejovice. The mixed-use building comprises a partial cellar and three floors above the ground. In the cellar, technical facilities and storage space for the residental part of the building can be found. The ground floor and the part of the first floor are designed for commercial premises, a hairdresser's, a florist's, a bookshop and a café. Residental unit consisting of three flats is located on the first and second floor. the building is made from 300 mm thick ceramic construction blocks with the external thermal insulation system. Ceiling construction is made of 250 mm thick concrete monolithic panels. Furthermore, the documentation deals with potable water, electric power and gas couplers, sewerage system, rainwater sewer and paved surface for pedestrians and motor vehicles. The thesis is elaborated as documentation for the building execution.

Shear cracks are formed when high oblique tensile stresses, e.g. in thin webs, exceed the tensile strength. A known example of this phenomenon is the extensive shear cracks that were found on the box-girder bridges Gröndal and Alvik, which were mainly caused by insufficient amount of shear reinforcement. In order to avoid this incident (inadequate amount of shear reinforcement), the reinforcement stress is often being assumed as a ultimate limit load in order to fulfill requirements regarding crack control in the service-ability limit state (SLS). This method has led to a overestimation of the reinforcement amount in bridge-design. The aim of this master thesis is therefor to study the shear crack phenomenon and investigate if the amount of shear reinforcement in bridges can be reduced. The first part of this thesis studies the shear cracking behavior in concrete in a plane stress state, while the second part focus how design standards as well as manuals treats shear cracks. Shear cracking in the reinforced concrete panels has been studied with non-linear finite element analysis and compared to experimental testings performed by the University of Toronto. Three different loading conditions for the panels has been analyzed: pureshear, compression or tension combined with shear. The panels are to represent parts of a web in a box-girder bridge that are subjected to in-plane stresses. The non-linear finite element analysis was performed in the FE-program Atena where mainly the crack propagation and crack pattern were studied. The material model in Atena is a smeared crack model with either fixed or rotated crack direction. The panel analysis, in SLS, gave various results. For loading conditions pure shear and tension/shear, the response of the FE-analysis gave a similar result regarding crack pattern but differed in size of crack width. For compression/shear, only micro-cracks developed and did not reflect the result from the real panel tests. This may be the consequence of a too stiff FE-model and the fact that, in the real tests, some cracks occurred due to out-of-plane bending. With methods described in Eurocode 2 and the Swedish handbook for EC2, a shear crack calculation model was created in order to determine the reinforcement stress and crack width. As a reference for the shear crack calculations, a wing structure (1 m strip) has been used which is part of a railway bridge located in Abisko. These calculations were done in order to investigate if the amount of shear reinforcement could be reduced and at the same time fulfill crack control demands in SLS. The bridge department at Tyréns AB concluded, according to a truss model, that the wing section should be reinforced with a amount of 14.1 cm2/m2 while our model showed that the crack width demand could be fulfilled with a equivalent amount of 9.82 cm2/m2, i.e. a reduction around 30%.

The thesis deals with the design of a two-storey L-shaped smart building for amenities with a low energy consumption concept in mind. The ground floor will be used as a café and technical facilities. The second floor is designed for a small design office. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the architectural and structural design. The selected load-bearing system is a wall system made of Silka sand-lime blocks. The floor and roof are designed of prestressed reinforced concrete panels Spiroll. Stone wool is used as the main thermal insulation. The flat roof is designed green extensive. The second part of the thesis deals with the building environment technology, which will use energy from photovoltaic panels and will be supplied with heat from a local central heat source. Air exchange is provided by two HVAC units. Cooling is designed as a VRF system with refrigerant. The third part of the thesis deals with the acoustic assessment. The main topic is optimizing the reverberation time in the open space office. For the preparation of the thesis, the Archicad and Autocad software, MS Excel and Word or Deksoft were used.

This thesis deals with newly built detached house of a mountain boarding house with a restaurants. The building is designed in the town of Loučná above Desna River in the Šumperk district, on plot No. 134 /21, 134/22 , 134/23 on the cadastral territory Kociánov . The built-up area of the site is 383 m2 . The mountain guest house has two floors, partial basement, and an attic. In the first ground floor, there is an entrance with a reception area, a restaurant with an entrance to the summer garden, guest toilet, kitchen, food and beverage storage rooms, changing rooms, and toilets combined with showers for employees. In the second floor, the guest rooms with private bathrooms, bed linen storage room, and the manager’s office are designed. In the basement, there is a utility room , workshop, ski and shoe depot rooms , a utility room , a storage for non- perishable food, and a garage. The building is based on the foundation walls of concrete C20/25, perimeter load-bearing walls in the basement are of BTB fittings, and other vertical supporting as well as the non-bearing structures are from Porotherm construction system. Ceilings are made of pre-bound concrete panels Goldback . The staircase is made of prefabricated stair parts. The roof is gabled with a construction of hambalek system at an inclination of 40 ° with a metal covering Lindab.