Thesis (Ph.D.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2007. / Typescript (photocopy). "August 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-127). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Southern California, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-228).

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-137).

Thesis (M.Ed. (Education)) - Rhodes University, 2009.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-71). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D. (Ichthyology and Fisheries Science))--Rhodes University, 2006.

Climate change threatens to disrupt biological systems around the globe, sparking debate over natural capacity for adaptation in a fragmented landscape. Marine turtles are evolutionarily ancient and have survived millions of years of prehistoric climate change, but are threatened by the rapidity of modern warming and a history of severe overexploitation that has left most populations depleted. This thesis explores a nesting aggregation of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in northern Cyprus, where a longitudinal programme of both intensive and extensive monitoring enables insight into individual and population level parameters and processes. Nesting on the two coastlines covered by this project is in the early stages of recovery, possibly in response to exhaustive nest protection efforts over the last twenty years. Saturation tagging at one key site allows us to confirm that recruitment of new breeders is an important driver of this trend, and that average clutch frequency has remained stable around three nests per female per year, validating nest-count derived abundance estimates at a regional scale. Concern has been raised, however, regarding recent changes in fishing practices which are impacting the local juvenile neritic phase, which may have a lagged effect on the recovery of this nesting population. A collaborative tracking effort including all other countries with major nesting in the Mediterranean allows us to identify major foraging grounds for this species, with two hotspots accounting for >50% of tracked individuals, as well as coastal and pelagic seasonal corridors of high use. Bycatch levels and mortality rates for turtles in these key areas are largely unknown and should be prioritised for investigation. Hatchling sex ratios from the main study beach are extremely female-biased (estimated 97% female for the twenty year period 1993-2012). A 1oC rise in average incubation temperatures threatens near complete hatchling feminisation on this beach, whilst a 2oC rise could reduce hatch success to less than 50%. Thermal effects on hatchling morphometrics are evident, with a 1oC rise in temperature reducing average length, width and weight by 1%, 2% and 3% respectively. More favourable incubation conditions were found early in the season, in deeper nests laid by larger females, and on beaches of lighter sand. In contrast, adult sex ratios at the main site are male-biased, posing questions regarding sex-specific survival rates and optimal hatchling sex ratios. A phenological shift towards earlier nesting is demonstrated for the first time in this species, and could potentially ameliorate warming effects. Carry-over climate forcing effects from the foraging ground influence the breeding frequency of individuals, driving population level responses in annual magnitude of nesting. This work emphasises the utility and necessity of long-term individual-based monitoring programmes in elucidating population trends and climate responses in iteroparous species with non-annual breeding.

Ce projet explore la valeur épistémologique des collections historiques pour aborder des questions scientifiques actuelles sur les changements environnementaux dans les écosystèmes marins. Le challenge principal est de pouvoir caractériser le processus d'assimilation des connaissances dans un champ scientifique particulier, l'écologie. Les réseaux émergents de collections de données et d'objets permet l'exploration de questions sur comment le contexte historique a pu biaiser les observations qui sont utilisées maintenant pour analyser les tendances écologiques et environnementales du passé. Cette démarche devrait permettre in fine de contribuer à l'amélioration de nos connaissances sur la dynamique des réponses des systèmes écologiques. Plusieurs exemples différents sont traités en détail, couvrant le contexte historique de la recherche dans les stations marines et l'examen récursif des concepts de base en écologie tels que la dynamique des populations, la théorie de l'exclusion compétitive, et l'estimation de l'impact sur l'environnement. / This project explores the epistemic value of heritage collections for addressing modern scientific questions about environmental change in marine ecosystems. The main challenge is to investigate processes of knowledge assimilation within a specific scientific discipline, ecology. Emerging networks of data and object collections permit addressing questions about how historical context may bias observations used for analysis of ecological and environmental trends. The main goal is to synthesize historical concepts and data using meta-analysis and recursive techniques to reconstruct ecological trends. It is hoped that this will ultimately contribute to improving our understanding of the dynamics of ecological systems responses. Several different examples are treated in detail, covering the historical context of research work in marine stations as well as a critical re-examination of basic ecological concepts of population dynamics, competitive exclusion, and the estimation of environmental impact.