Esta dissertação focou na análise do sistema de gerenciamento de transporte e destinação dos RCC gerados na cidade de São Paulo e na elaboração de uma descrição funcional para um programa tutorial futuro que possibilite a aproximação dos usuários geradores de RCC às soluções mais adequadas de coleta, transporte e destinação fornecidas pelo município. Para tanto, foram coletados dados das empresas de transporte e receptoras de RCC e foi feito o mapeamento destas na região metropolitana de São Paulo. Foram analisadas as informações disponibilizadas pelo poder público quanto ao seu acesso e à participação dos usuários no processo, assim como o papel do Estado, não só como agente fiscalizador, mas também como motivador e educador. A infraestrutura do sistema de transporte e destinação dos RCC foi avaliada e o fluxograma do processo foi montado, considerando essa análise e a sequência de fluxos. O fluxo delineado demonstra vários caminhos em consequência das quantidades geradas de RCC e das suas classes, que determinam os tipos de transporte e os locais de destinação. Quanto às informações disponibilizadas pela prefeitura, as mesmas não são adequadas, pois seu acesso não está claro nos sites oficiais e faltam elementos que facilitem a compreensão dos usuários geradores para a integração efetiva no processo / This dissertation has focused on the analysis of the management system of transport and destination of RCCs generated in the city of São Paulo and on the elaboration of a functional description for a future tutorial program that will allow an approximation of the RCC generating users to more adequate solutions for collection, transport and destination offered by the municipality. For this purpose, data were collected from the RCC transport and receiver companies and a mapping of the metropolitan region of São Paulo was made. The information provided by the public authority was analyzed as to its access and the participation of users in the process, as well as the role of the State both as a fiscal agent and as a motivator and educator. The infrastructure of RCC transport and destination system was evaluated and the flowchart of the process was created considering this analysis and the sequence of flows. The outlined flow demonstrates several paths as a result of the quantities of RCC generated and of their classes, which determines the types of transport and the locations of destination. The information made available by the town hall is not adequate though, because its access is not clear on the official sites and the elements that facilitate the understanding of the generating users for an effective integration in the process are missing

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-06-06T17:03:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Giseli Barbosa de Lima_.pdf: 1516784 bytes, checksum: b62cf6126e2c71668ad61f65afdfbc82 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T17:03:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giseli Barbosa de Lima_.pdf: 1516784 bytes, checksum: b62cf6126e2c71668ad61f65afdfbc82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-12 / Nenhuma / A indústria da construção civil tem um papel fundamental em termos econômicos e sociais para o país. Mas do ponto de vista ambiental, é um dos setores que mais se destaca em relação ao consumo de matérias-primas, além de gerar um grande volume de resíduos de construção e demolição. Para evitar ou reduzir a geração destes resíduos é necessário investigar a sua origem, que pode ser desde a fase do projeto até a de produção, e quantificar a geração para o estabelecimento de parâmetros e controle. Neste contexto, este estudo propõe um modelo para estimar a geração de resíduos na construção de obras comerciais verticais, considerando características específicas das construtoras que atuam na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS. O método de pesquisa consiste num estudo de múltiplos casos, utilizando ferramenta de análise estatística. A pesquisa foi realizada em três etapas: 1) levantamento de dados através de variável dependente (geração de resíduos por área construída – m³/m²) e as variáveis independentes (características de projeto arquitetônico e sistema construtivo); 2) tratamento dos dados utilizando regressão linear múltipla; e 3) aplicação do modelo estatístico e análise com ampliação da amostra. Inicialmente a amostra é constituída por dados de 6 obras comerciais verticais de 5 empresas da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS, gerando um modelo estatístico com R² ajustado = 0,967, permitindo explicar 97% da geração de resíduos por área construída em obras com características semelhantes. As variáveis que formam o modelo consistem em: variável dependente “geração de resíduos por área construída” e as variáveis independentes “tipo/total”; “área total construída”; “índice econômico de compacidade” e “sistema construtivo”. A amostra ampliada é formada por 12 obras, incluindo 6 obras residenciais verticais que atuam na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS. Como resultado foi testado um modelo estatístico, formado pela variável dependente e as variáveis independentes. Ao comparar os valores estimados de geração de resíduos (m³/m²) utilizando este modelo é possível observar que o modelo gerado a partir das obras somente do segmento comercial mostra maior aproximação aos valores de geração de resíduos informados pelas empresas construtoras. / The construction industry plays a key role in economic and social terms for the country. But from the environmental point of view, it is one of the sectors that stands out more in relation to the consumption of raw materials, besides generating a large volume of construction and demolition waste. To avoid or reduce the generation of these wastes, it is necessary to investigate their origin, which can be from the project to the production phase, and quantify the generation for the establishment of parameters and control. In this context, this study proposes a model to estimate the generation of residues in the construction of vertical commercial works, considering specific characteristics of the constructors that operate in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre/RS. The research method consists of a multiple case study using a statistical analysis tool. The research was performed in three stages: 1) data collection through a dependent variable (generation of waste by constructed area - m³/m²) and independent variables (characteristics of architectural design and construction system); 2) data treatment using multiple linear regression; and 3) application of the statistical model and analysis with amplification of the sample. Initially the sample consists of 6 vertical commercial works of 5 companies from the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre/RS, generating a statistical model with adjusted R² = 0.967, allowing to explain 97% of the waste generation by area constructed in works with similar characteristics . The variables that form the model consist of: dependent variable "generation of residues per constructed area" and independent variables "type/total"; "Total built area"; "Economic index of compactness" and "constructive system". The expanded sample consists of 12 works, including 6 vertical residential works that operate in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre/RS. As a result was tested a statistical model, formed by the dependent variable and the independent variables. When comparing the estimated values of waste generation (m³/m²) using this model it is possible to observe that the model generated from the works only of the commercial segment shows a greater approximation to the values of generation of waste reported by the construction companies.

Orientador: Antonio Cezar Leal / Resumo: A presente dissertação teve por objetivo investigar a situação da gestão dos Resíduos da Construção Civil no município de Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brasil, visando contribuir para sua melhoria, através de uma proposta para sua incorporação ao Sistema Estadual de Gerenciamento Online de Resíduos Sólidos (SIGOR). A metodologia da pesquisa incluiu revisão bibliográfica, coleta de dados e informações em órgãos públicos e operadores do sistema, entrevistas, trabalhos de campo, análise e sistematização dos resultados. Assim, apresenta-se uma atualização da informação existente sobre a temática no município e sugestões para seu aprimoramento a partir de boas experiências na gestão dos Resíduos da Construção Civil dentro do Brasil, como são os casos dos municípios de São José do Rio Preto/São Paulo e Belo Horizonte/Minas Gerais. Expondo que além das carências o município de Presidente Prudente apresenta uma gestão dos Resíduos da Construção Civil em ascensão, cujo aprimoramento requer a elaboração de seu do Plano Municipal de Gerenciamento Integrado de Resíduos da Construção Civil como principal requisito para sua adesão ao SIGOR, além de criar cooperação e diálogo entre todos os atores envolvidos no processo, com o propósito de proporcionar um adequado serviço aos munícipes sob a concepção de uma gestão sustentável. / Mestre

Orientador: Marcus César Avezum Alves de Castro / Resumo: Os problemas relacionados ao gerenciamento dos Resíduos da Construção Civil (RCC) envolvem todas as etapas, desde a geração à destinação final. A quantidade de resíduos gerados, que em sua maioria são materiais volumosos, a falta de áreas de deposição adequadas, a ausência de controle do município tanto na quantidade gerada quanto no descarte dos resíduos, são alguns dos desafios enfrentados pelos gestores municipais. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar as práticas de gestão de resíduos da construção civil vigente no município de Rio Claro identificando as potencialidades e vulnerabilidades do sistema, e consequentemente propor estratégias e instrumentos que sinalizem para a solução dos problemas encontrados. Para isso, foram realizadas atividades de campo através de visitas às instalações de gestão de RCC do município e aplicação de entrevistas aos responsáveis por estas, e também aos transportadores e gestores municipais. Observou-se que o município possui um amplo arcabouço legal sobre o tema de RCC, porém seu PGRCC encontra-se desatualizado; em relação a infraestrutura de gestão de RCC, possui todas as instalações de destinação consideradas necessárias, porém a capacidade de processamento (principalmente dos PEV’s e da Usina) é insuficiente para receber todo o resíduo gerado no município. Além disso, o poder público municipal não realiza nenhum tipo de controle da geração e destinação dos RCC, isto faz com que os transportadores de peque... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW) problems involve all phases of its management, from generation to final destination. The amount of waste generated, which is mostly bulky materials, the lack of adequate deposition areas, the lack of control of the municipality in both the amount generated and the waste disposal are some of the challenges faced by municipal managers. In this way, the main objective of this work is to analyze the waste management practices of the civil construction in the city of Rio Claro, identifying the potentialities and vulnerabilities of the system, and consequently to propose strategies and instruments that signal to solve the problems encountered. With that in mind, field activities were carried out through visits to the municipal C&DW management facilities and interviews with those responsible for them, as well as to municipal transporters and managers. It was observed that the municipality has a broad legal framework on the subject of C&DW, but its PGRCC is outdated; in relation to the C&DW management infrastructure, it has all the necessary disposal facilities, but the processing capacity (mainly of the ENP's and the Plant) is insufficient to receive all the waste generated in the municipality. In addition, municipal public power does not carry out any type of control of the generation and destination of C&DW, which means that small and large volume carriers are disposed of in irregular locations. From this analysis it was concluded that ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

In 2005, the Recycling Council of Ontario published a report that identified the construction industry as one sector that did not manage its waste in an environmentally appropriate manner. In this report, Let’s Climb Another Molehill, 15 case studies were executed to understand why this industry was neither handling nor disposing its waste properly in Southern Ontario. A set of generic recommendations was generated to help improve the management of this industry’s waste. Unfortunately the scope of the report was too broad to support conclusions about the management of specific types of problematic construction waste. The aim of this thesis is to narrow what was done in Let’s Climb Another Molehill to focus only on gypsum wallboard. The purpose of this research is to determine what options are the most desirable and feasible to deal sustainably with gypsum wallboard waste in Southern Ontario, both now and in the future. All recommendations offered are case specific. A number of methods have been utilized to obtain the information needed to formulate appropriate recommendations to deal with wallboard. Information learned through the literature, witnessed through the observation sessions, and acquired through the interviews led to two unique option categories: 1) alternative materials and 2) change in practices. To evaluate these options, a set of criteria was created based on the concepts of sustainability and integrated waste management (IWM). This sustainable IWM criteria set allowed for consistent evaluation of the options. To improve the recommendations, the sustainable IWM criteria were refined to better deal with each of the two categories of options. When the sustainable IWM criteria for evaluating alternative materials were applied, gypsum wallboard was found still to be the best interior wall material to use today. However, applying the sustainable IWM criteria for evaluating change in practices showed that the problem with using this product lies with its management and, therefore, the remaining recommendations focus on improving the creation, use and disposal of wallboard. Many of these recommendations can easily be adopted to help eliminate inappropriate wallboard management practices. This research was able to identify areas where problems arose and to offer feasible options to improve environmentally inappropriate behaviors associated with wallboard management. Although numerous recommendations are offered, the three fundamental recommendations that will lead to the biggest change include: 1) greater number of educational programs devoted to the construction industry; 2) stricter regulations and better enforcement; and 3) a dramatic increase in landfill tipping fees. If these three recommendations were implemented, it is believed that they will play a positive role in managing gypsum wallboard waste in a more sustainable manner.

In 2005, the Recycling Council of Ontario published a report that identified the construction industry as one sector that did not manage its waste in an environmentally appropriate manner. In this report, Let’s Climb Another Molehill, 15 case studies were executed to understand why this industry was neither handling nor disposing its waste properly in Southern Ontario. A set of generic recommendations was generated to help improve the management of this industry’s waste. Unfortunately the scope of the report was too broad to support conclusions about the management of specific types of problematic construction waste. The aim of this thesis is to narrow what was done in Let’s Climb Another Molehill to focus only on gypsum wallboard. The purpose of this research is to determine what options are the most desirable and feasible to deal sustainably with gypsum wallboard waste in Southern Ontario, both now and in the future. All recommendations offered are case specific. A number of methods have been utilized to obtain the information needed to formulate appropriate recommendations to deal with wallboard. Information learned through the literature, witnessed through the observation sessions, and acquired through the interviews led to two unique option categories: 1) alternative materials and 2) change in practices. To evaluate these options, a set of criteria was created based on the concepts of sustainability and integrated waste management (IWM). This sustainable IWM criteria set allowed for consistent evaluation of the options. To improve the recommendations, the sustainable IWM criteria were refined to better deal with each of the two categories of options. When the sustainable IWM criteria for evaluating alternative materials were applied, gypsum wallboard was found still to be the best interior wall material to use today. However, applying the sustainable IWM criteria for evaluating change in practices showed that the problem with using this product lies with its management and, therefore, the remaining recommendations focus on improving the creation, use and disposal of wallboard. Many of these recommendations can easily be adopted to help eliminate inappropriate wallboard management practices. This research was able to identify areas where problems arose and to offer feasible options to improve environmentally inappropriate behaviors associated with wallboard management. Although numerous recommendations are offered, the three fundamental recommendations that will lead to the biggest change include: 1) greater number of educational programs devoted to the construction industry; 2) stricter regulations and better enforcement; and 3) a dramatic increase in landfill tipping fees. If these three recommendations were implemented, it is believed that they will play a positive role in managing gypsum wallboard waste in a more sustainable manner.

The aim of this study was to determine the quantity of construction waste for several construction materials and to state the probable origins of this waste, depending on case studies in Turkey. There is a lack of documented quantitative data in Turkey on how much material waste the construction industry generates and what amount of such materials remain unused due to this waste. Although some amount of waste is accepted as unavoidable, the probable reasons for it are unclear. Therefore, the study focused on determining waste percentage values for certain materials based on several construction projects and assessing the reasons for this as stated by the professionals who were involved in the construction process of these projects. For practical reasons, it was confined to the material amounts in the bill of quantities, progress payment reports and invoices for four different construction materials / namely, ready-mixed concrete, rebar, brick and floor block, which belonged to eight different projects of two construction companies. Data compiled on these aspects were analyzed statistically via ANOVA and regression analyses. The results showed that waste percentage values displayed differences among materials. Design-related aspects, skill level and attitude of labor, incorrect calculation of material quantities, contractual clauses and material defects were the most effective reasons for waste within the projects analyzed.

The construction industry is by far the greatest consumer of resources and waste producer of all industries in the UK; being responsible for 32% of total waste generation, which equates to three times the combined waste produced by all households. Consequently, construction waste management and minimisation became a priority in the EU and UK environmental policy programmes resulting in a combined plethora of government-driven waste related legislation and guidance documents to curb construction waste production. Similarly, an ever-increasing global research on construction waste has been conducted over the last decade ranging from ‘soft' onsite waste auditing tools and methodologies to ‘hard' material and recycling technologies. However, the current state-of-research is largely dominated by endeavours to manage waste that has already been produced. Very few studies have been undertaken on how architects could go about minimising waste through a change in design practices. Hence, this research set out to construct and validate a Designing out Waste (DoW) Framework to assist architects in embedding design waste reduction strategies in each design stage.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5883.pdf: 4918848 bytes, checksum: be74a4a1c85de8e4a97d1f9e3deff58f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-25 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The civil construction is responsible for generating a lot of waste and the lack suitable for waste treatment can cause many environmental and social problems. Brazil is the world s largest producer in the sugar and alcohol sector. During the processing of sugarcane is generated the ash sand of the sugarcane bagasse (ASSB), resulting from the burning of bagasse in boilers. The ASSB is usually released in the environment inappropriately. This study aimed to verify the possibility of using the ASSB to partially replace river sand and the construction waste (CW) to partially replace crushed stone in concretes. The ASSB samples were standardized by manual sieving and deagglomeration. The CW samples were standardized by manual screening and automated screening. The ASSB and CW were subjected to physical and chemical characterization, by its chemical composition, sieve analysis, powdery material, absorption, bulk density and true density. The ASSB was used in concretes with 30% substitute level and the CW was used with 30%, 50% and 100% substitution levels, it were produced seven concretes recipe (REF, 30ASSB, 30CW, 50CW, 30ASSB30CW, 30ASSB50CW and 100CW). The concretes were submitted to tests of compressive and tensile strength, elastic modulus, void index, absorption, density and carbonation. The concretes produced with the isolated use of 30 % of ASSB (30ASSB) and 30 % and 50 % of CW (30CW and 50CW) presented similar mechanical properties to the reference concrete. The concretes produced with 30% of ASSB and 30% and 50 % of CW ( 30ASSB30CW, 30ASSB50CW) presented similar progression of carbonation to the reference concrete, however, the combined use of the ASSB and CW resulted in the achievement of concrete with a reduction of 17%, 12% and 8% in compressive strength at 7, 28 and 91 days, respectively. Thus it is possible to indicate the combined use of the ASSB and the CW as a partial substitute natural aggregates in concrete, since the decrease in resistance can be considered low against the possibilities of using concrete containing these wastes. / A construção civil é responsável por gerar uma grande quantidade de resíduos, sendo que a falta de tratamento adequado para tais resíduos pode ocasionar diversos problemas ambientais e sociais. O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial no complexo sucroalcooleiro. Durante o processamento da cana-de-açúcar gera-se a areia de cinza do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar (ACBC), resultante da queima do bagaço em caldeiras. Essas, geralmente são lançadas ao meio ambiente de forma inadequada. Essa pesquisa objetivou verificar a possibilidade do uso da ACBC e do resíduo da construção civil (RCC) em concretos, sendo que a ACBC foi utilizada como substituta parcial do agregado miúdo natural e o RCC como substituto parcial do agregado graúdo natural. As amostras de ACBC foram padronizadas através de peneiramento manual e desaglomeração das partículas. As amostras de RCC foram padronizadas por meio de triagem manual e peneiramento mecanizado. A ACBC e o RCC foram caracterizados quanto à composição granulométrica, absorção, massa específica, massa unitária e propriedades químicas. Após a caracterização, foi realizada a dosagem e moldagem de corpos de prova de concreto com teores de substituição de 30% de ACBC e 30%, 50% e 100% de RCC e foram produzidos sete traços (REF, 30ACBC, 30RCC, 50RCC, 30ACBC30RCC, 30ACBC50RCC e 100RCC). Foram realizados ensaios de resistência à compressão, resistência à tração, módulo de elasticidade, índice de vazios, absorção, massa específica e carbonatação. Os concretos produzidos com a utilização isolada de 30% de ACBC (traço 30ACBC) e de 30% e 50% de RCC (traços 30RCC e 50RCC) apresentaram propriedades mecânicas similares ao do concreto referência (REF). Os concretos produzidos com 30% de ACBC em conjunto com 30% e 50% de RCC (traços 30ACBC30RCC, 30ACBC50RCC) apresentaram evolução na frente de carbonatação similar ao concreto referência, porém, a utilização conjunta da ACBC e do RCC resultou na obtenção de concretos com redução de 17%, 12% e 8% na resistência à compressão aos 7, 28 e 91 dias, respectivamente. Desse modo é possível indicar o uso conjunto da ACBC e do RCC como substitutos parciais de agregados naturais em concretos, pois a redução da resistência pode ser considerada baixa frente às possibilidades de utilização dos concretos contendo esses resíduos.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:28:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 5185510 bytes, checksum: 9e48ae943a1c416c13753927b8125c85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-17 / Intense population growth brings with it environmental concerns, since exploitation of natural resources, makes it essential to adopt recycling policies in order to achieve sustainable development. Therefore, this study sought to define a new application for recylcling construction and demolition waste (CDW-R). Two size distributions that could be readily prepared in the field were defined for two different samples of recycled waste materials, one basically concrete and other basically ceramic. Tests were performed to simulate conditions of actual use of the materials in the field, and included vertical permeability, confined compression in a hydraulic press, particle size distribution (before and after the confined compression test) and evaluation of clogging by leachate from an existing landfill. The results showed that the CDW-R from concrete are about 80% less deformable than ceramic, indicating that their use in drainage systems is more suitable in this respect. Between samples of the same type, the variation of the modulus of deformability as a function of particle size distribution was 32% for the ceramic waste and 28% for concrete residue, indicating that the deformability of the waste from concrete is less influenced by particle size distribution. It was observed that All samples tested presented a decrease in particle size distribution after the confined compression test. In the leaching test can not be found that there was No clogging by leachate was observed during the evaluation period, but this study should be continued to produce more conclusive results. / O intenso crescimento populacional traz consigo uma preocupação ambiental, já que, diante da necessidade de exploração dos recursos naturais, a adoção de políticas de reciclagem faz-se fundamental para alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável. Diante disso, neste trabalho procurou-se definir uma nova aplicação para os Resíduos de Construção e Demolição Reciclados (RCD-R). Foram definidas duas distribuições granulométricas facilmente desenvolvidas em campo com duas amostras distintas de materiais reciclados, uma de resíduos oriundos, basicamente, de concreto e outra de resíduos oriundos, basicamente, de cerâmica. Foram caracterizadas suas propriedades geotécnicas como materiais de construção e verificados seus desempenhos como elementos de camadas drenantes, principalmente em aterros de resíduos sólidos. Visando expor os materiais às condições reais de uso foram realizados ensaios de permeabilidade vertical, compressão confinada em uma prensa hidráulica, distribuição granulométrica (antes e após o ensaio de compressão confinada) e avaliação de colmatação com lixiviado de um aterro sanitário existente. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os RCD-R oriundos de concreto são cerca de 80% menos deformáveis que os de cerâmica, indicando que seu uso em sistemas de drenagem é mais adequado, sob este aspecto. Entre amostras de mesmo tipo, a variação do módulo de deformabilidade em função da distribuição granulométrica foi de 32% para o resíduo de cerâmica e 28% para o resíduo de concreto, indicando que a deformabilidade dos resíduos oriundos de concreto é menos influenciada pela distribuição granulométrica. Foi observado que todas asamostras ensaiadas apresentarem uma quebra dos grãos, verificada nos ensaios de distribuição granulométrica feitos antes e depois do ensaio de compressão confinada. No ensaio com lixiviado não se pode constatar que houve colmatação no período avaliado, mas recomenda-se a continuação do ensaio para que se tenham resultados mais conclusivos.