Cluster thinning, leaf removal and kaolin application are three commonly employed means of modifying fruit zone microclimates assumed to improve grape and wine quality. High labour costs in addition to the potential for location and varietal-specific responses make the benefits of these practices equivocal. To explore this question, I employed a stratified random block design in two Vancouver Island commercial vineyards where Pinot gris vines were manipulated with one of four experimental treatments: control, cluster thinning to one cluster per shoot, heavy leaf removal with a Kaolin clay application, or a combined heavy leaf removal – cluster thinning - Kaolin treatment. The resulting wines were subjected to detailed sensory evaluations, consumer valuation, and a cost-benefit analysis to determine their respective return-on-investment. Results indicate that despite apparent sensory changes driven by vineyard treatments, the lack of any perceived added value suggests that regional producers of Pinot gris should avoid using the assessed treatments as strategies to increase wine quality. The cost-benefit analysis revealed that heavy leaf removal combined with Kaolin clay application may provide a benefit outside of changes to wine quality. The demonstrable improvement in growing conditions under this treatment resulted in a significant decrease in rot pressure. This suggests that the treatment may be a viable option for increasing usable yields of Pinot gris without placing an insurmountable financial cost on the producer. / Graduate

No / Surprisingly, the field of leisure economics is not, thus far, a particularly integrated or coherent one. In this Handbook a wide ranging body of international scholars get to grips with the core issues, taking in the traditional income/leisure choice model of textbook microeconomics and Becker’s allocation of time model along the way. They expertly apply economics to some usually neglected topics, such as boredom and sleeping, work–life balance, dating, tourism, health and fitness, sport, video games, social networking, music festivals and sex. Contributions from further afield by Veblen, Sctivosky and Bourdieu also feature prominently.

No / This important and highly original book explores the application of economics to the subject of hate via such diverse topics as war, terrorism, road rage, witchcraft mania, marriage and divorce, and bullying and harassment.