Diploma thesis evaluates the effectiveness of legal instruments to prevent the use of aggressive commercial practices. Thesis is divided into two main chapters, the first is the protection against aggressive commercial practices in business to consumer market and the second part is dedicated to the protection against aggressive practices in the business to business market. Each section compares the European protection of aggressive commercial practices (and also through European legislation implemented in Czech law) with the protection of those practices in U.S. law. The first part of thesis deals with the protection of consumers against aggressive commercial practices. In European law it mainly regulated by Directive on unfair commercial practices. The Directive is implemented in Czech Republic in mainly in Consumer Protection Code and in the Advertising Code. Private protection against aggressive commercial practices is embodied in provision of unfair competition of the Commercial Code. Protection of personality, privacy and personal data is another form of protection against aggressive practices. In U.S. law, public consumer protection is represented by Federal Trade Commission. In private law, consumers seek redress in court through actions for torts. In relations between competitors is the protection against aggressive commercial practices regulated by unfair competition and by antirust law. Antitrust law in European Union is represented by 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty. Unfair Competition Law in the U.S. in the B2B market is the part of business torts. Antitrust law is represented by Federal Trade Commission and the Ministry of Justice. The last part of Diploma Thesis is concerned with aggressive commercial practices that very often are accompanying the offers in time-sharing field and with children aggressive commercials, as a example of aggressive commercial practices in practice.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Ligia Satiro Aragao.pdf: 681911 bytes, checksum: 714c3586f1000cba2bcf17b70d6e924e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-26 / The present dissertation focuses on the concept of consumer, which is one of the elements in consumer relations, as well as the identification factor in the application of the Consumer s Protection Code. This work also intends to demonstrate in which extend the change in social facts influenced the construction of the legal concept of consumer. Within this new concept, consumers economic facet became the most important aspect in the economic relation. In this new conjuncture, the economic subject is no longer merely a part of the economic process, but assumed a new role as an autonomous subject. Besides that, the legal concept of consumer was inspired by the mentality which places the consumer in the center of the economic relation. The need of protection was then diagnosed by recognizing the current importance of the consumer. The value given by Law to the natural concept of consumer is also brought up, giving to the standard consumer the position of end user. In the construction of the thesis, several scientific works regarding the interpretation, meaning and extension of the standard concept of consumer were revisited, mainly when related to the term "end user". The subjects designated as consumers by the Consumers Protection Code are also going to be presented. Lastly, the jurisprudence of the some Brazilian Tribunals is succinctly analyzed. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that, after twenty years of the Code s enforcement, a tendency has began, changing the standard meaning of consumer. Or, at least, it has started expanding the range of the concept in order to comply with its constitutional ground: the vulnerability of the group / O presente trabalho pesquisa o conceito de consumidor, um dos elementos da relação de consumo, critério de identificação do âmbito de aplicação do Código de Defesa do Consumidor. Demonstra que a construção do conceito jurídico foi influenciada por fatos sociais: o sujeito econômico passou a desempenhar importante papel, deixou de ser parte do processo econômico para torna-se sujeito autônomo; além disso, que foi inspirada pela valoração a respeito da centralidade desse sujeito e a indispensabilidade de proteção. Enuncia o cunho determinado conferido pelo Direito à expressão natural, passando o consumidor padrão a ser o destinatário final do produto ou serviço. Propõe a revisitação dos diversos pronunciamentos científicos a respeito da interpretação a ser dada ao conceito padrão, a determinação do sentido e do alcance dele, em especial considerada a expressão destinatário final . Apresenta os conceitos equiparados adotados pelo Código de Defesa do Consumidor. E, por fim, de forma sucinta, registra a interpretação dada por precedentes de alguns Tribunais. Objetivo é demonstrar que, pela interação de fatos e valores, passados vinte anos da vigência do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, existe inclinação à alteração do sentido e do alcance do conceito padrão, ou, ao menos, à indicação de novo caminho para a aplicação, com interpretação da destinação final à luz do fundamento constitucional para a proteção do consumidor: a vulnerabilidade

The goal of my dissertation was to find out, how the consumers are informed about the consumer protection, if they know their rights and the organization dealing with this area. At first there were chosen four working hypotheses. Based on questionary research were these hypotheses confirmed or disconfirmed and in consequence was given suggestion to improve this situation - presentation of the organizations dealing with the consumers protection at expert fair. It was chosen fair Holiday World in Prague, beacause it is the biggest fair of tourism.

Submitted by Simone Soares (scsoares.br@gmail.com) on 2018-07-10T20:31:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV-EAESP_MPGC_TA _Simone de Carvalho Soares (FINAL).pdf: 20661152 bytes, checksum: 2e4bbb5846cde8b99c8c1bfc5d084357 (MD5) / Rejected by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br), reason: Boa Noite Simone, Ainda há algumas alterações necessárias: O titulo do trabalho na versão final está diferente do protocolo entregue, e não há nenhuma observação do professor sobre a mudança. Precisamos que o orientador, passe na secretaria para fazer esta anotação na ATA ou ele pode enviar por e-mail esta informação. FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO: excluir a palavra "folha de aprovações" e falta colocar a instituição de cada professor da banca. AGRADECIMENTOS: A palavra AGRADECIMENTO deve ser em letra maiúscula. 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Atenciosamente, SRA. on 2018-07-11T21:23:20Z (GMT) / Submitted by Simone Soares (scsoares.br@gmail.com) on 2018-07-12T20:01:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV-EAESP_MPGC_TA _Simone de Carvalho Soares (FINAL).pdf: 20658065 bytes, checksum: d7e07716034ccc00f3831291d8ce96ba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br) on 2018-07-13T21:56:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV-EAESP_MPGC_TA _Simone de Carvalho Soares (FINAL).pdf: 20658065 bytes, checksum: d7e07716034ccc00f3831291d8ce96ba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-07-16T12:54:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV-EAESP_MPGC_TA _Simone de Carvalho Soares (FINAL).pdf: 20658065 bytes, checksum: d7e07716034ccc00f3831291d8ce96ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-16T12:54:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FGV-EAESP_MPGC_TA _Simone de Carvalho Soares (FINAL).pdf: 20658065 bytes, checksum: d7e07716034ccc00f3831291d8ce96ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07 / Este trabalho apresenta uma investigação sobre como as ONGs de Defesa do Consumidor atuam no segmento da alimentação, e as estratégias empreendidas em benefício da maior transparência das marcas dessa indústria no relacionamento com a sociedade brasileira. Três estudos de caso de instituições da sociedade civil organizada são apresentados, todos com características particulares, mas complementares entre si, na condução de suas ações de ativismo e advocacy. A relevância da causa para as ONGs estudadas se justifica pela dimensão que o tema da alimentação saudável vem alcançando globalmente no início do século XXI, estimulado pelos crescentes índices de obesidade da população e o consequente aumento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT). A questão ultrapassou o âmbito médico e as agendas de saúde pública, ganhando as rodas de conversa e amplo espaço na grande imprensa, transformando-se em uma das principais bandeiras dos Movimentos dos Consumidores no Brasil. As transformações também são verificadas no comportamento dos consumidores, criando desafios e oportunidades para a indústria de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados, que estão sendo provocadas a mudar seus portfólios, com a adição de produtos com benefícios funcionais e quantidades reduzidas de gordura, sal e açúcar. Em suas estratégias de negócio também estão investindo em marcas e empresas do segmento de saudáveis para acelerar a inserção nesse mercado em expansão. Esses movimentos vêm sendo monitorados pelas ONGs estudadas, dada a ampla oferta de produtos que, de fato, não entregam a saudabilidade prometida e confundem os consumidores em suas escolhas alimentares. O trabalho apresenta ainda evidências de que o hiato existente entre corporações e seus stakeholders é fruto da cisão entre ética e negócios na sociedade contemporânea. Os embates políticos, regulatórios e legais travados pelas ONGs ratificam sua relevância neste contexto e demonstram a importância do diálogo qualificado entre partes interessadas para que a integridade nas relações de consumo seja preservada. / This contribution presents an empirical investigation about how consumer organizations work in the food segment, and the strategies undertaken in favor of greater transparency of the brands of this industry in the relationship with Brazilian society. Three case studies of civil society organizations are presented, all with particular characteristics but complementary to each other, in the conduct of their activism and advocacy actions. The relevance of the cause to the NGOs studied is justified by the dimension that the theme of healthy eating has been reaching globally at the beginning of the 21st century, stimulated by the increasing obesity rates of the population and the consequent progression in Non- Communicable Chronic Diseases (NCCD). The issue went beyond the medical field and public health agendas, reaching conversations between friends and wide space in the mainstream press, becoming one of the main topics of Consumer Movements in Brazil. Transformations are also happening in consumer behavior, creating challenges and opportunities for the processed and ultra-processed food industry that are being challenged to change their portfolios with the addition of products with functional benefits and reduced amounts of fat, salt and sugar. In their business strategies they are also investing in brands and companies in the healthy segment to accelerate their insertion in this growing market. These movements are being monitored by the NGOs studied, given the wide range of products that do not deliver the promised health and confuse consumers with their food choices. The findings also demonstrate that the gap between corporations and their stakeholders is a result of the split between ethics and business in contemporary society. The political, regulatory and legal clashes waged by NGOs confirm their relevance in this context and demonstrate the importance of qualified stakeholder dialogue to preserve integrity in consumer relations.