The diploma thesis is devoted to the separation of a pollutant (NH3) from a water solution using an experimental technology device - membrane contactor. The theoretical part is mostly focused on the recent progress in the field of membrane contactors. The theoretical part also contains theory of absorption, chemisorption and microreactions, which is needed to understand the subject properly. The experimental part focuses on the construction of the experimental device and what does experimental device consist of. The efficiency of the device in transfer of ammonia to an nitrate salt of nitric acid solution was tested. At the end, experimental data are further discussed.

The theses presented proposes an innovation of load test stand for electric drives. It begins with a general overview of load test stand types, their manufacturers and measurement methods in load and no-load situations. Next part analyses current circuit diagram of the load test stand and its risks. This is followed by a proposal for innovation of the circuit diagram which is divided into electrical and control part using current load test stand and its mechanical parts. A wiring diagram is created, the control part is processed by the Logosoft program. The design is evaluated from the safety point of view and modified to meet applicable technical standards.

The diploma thesis is devoted to the separation of a gasseous pollutant (CO2) from a gas mixture using an experimental technology device - membrane contactor. The theoretical part is mostly focused on the recent progress in the field of membrane contactors. The theoretical part also contains theory of absorption, which is needed to understand the subject properly. The experimental part focuses on the construction of the experimental device. The efficiency of the device in absorption of carbon dioxide to an aqua solution of sodium hydroxide was tested. At the end, experimental data are discussed.

This is a master thesis project carried out during a 20-week period in the spring of 2020 and that corresponds to 30 credits. The project covered concept development of a contactor (switch for controlling high current). The client ABB Control Products in Västerås, Sweden, have noticed an emerging need within the megatrend electrification in line with a growing energy demand. This comprises a new 1-pole DC-contactor (direct current contactor) within the application of EV-charging (electric vehicle charging). The problem, that this project has been based on, was to create a theoretically functioning concept for a 1-pole DC-contactor based on the client's existing 2-pole DC-contactor. In addition, some other requirements for the concept (formulated as project objectives) have also composed the problem. The research question below has been formulated as a support for carrying out the project. “How can a 2-pole DC-contactor be redesigned into a 1-pole DC-contactor, applicable in EV-charging?” By answering the research question, the project sought to contribute with a value that describes the general benefit of the project by what the concept brings in relation to the growing energy demand. The project has been carried out by using several product development methods that have led to a result which is a theoretically functioning concept. The concept has been presented as a CAD-model, it consists of three main sections: the bottom, the middle and the top. The sections consist of different components that together constitutes the concept. The concept has been able to mimic existing product to such an extent that it can be perceived to fit into the same product family. The core of the concept is that it is estimated to be capable of conducting current at 3000 A and breaking it at 1500 V. By taking advantage of the concept, which in consultation with the client has been considered to consist of a good overall solution, the further development of the new contactor can proceed towards industrialization. This, in despite to the fact that not all project objectives have been fulfilled. In future work it is recommended to develop certain areas of the design in order to later proceed to, among other things, testing the strength and conductivity of a future prototype. The project has resulted in an economic value and a scientific value due to a pending patent of a solution which has helped to make the concept work. In addition, the developed concept has created an opportunity to be able to charge heavy vehicles and charge more vehicles with higher power and higher speed. Thus, the concept has contributed to the megatrend electrification. Finally, the value generated by the entirety of the project can be summarized to that the concept can contribute to a more sustainable future in line with a growing energy demand, where more people choose renewable sources using electric vehicles for transportation.

No description available.

Le concept de l'avion plus électrique a pour but de remplacer les différents types de transmissions de puissance aéronautique par des transmissions électriques. Le réseau électrique doit donc évoluer. Ce concept a inspiré le projet AEROCOTS dont une partie est la modification du moyen de coupure en un contacteur hybridé avec un circuit électrique. Afin de mieux comprendre ce qui se passe aux bornes du contacteur et vérifier qu'il n'y a pas apparition d'arc électrique, une méthode de caractérisation est employée pour obtenir un modèle complet du contacteur paramétré. Deux circuits électriques sont étudiés et l'absence d'un arc est vérifiée. Leur principe est de réduire à zéro le courant avant l'ouverture du contacteur. Leurs fonctionnements et leurs modèles sont vérifiés expérimentalement. Le choix du second circuit est justifié par un contrôle du courant à ouvrir. Une optimisation évolutionnaire, principe de la théorie de Darwin, est réalisée pour répondre aux objectifs aéronautiques / The main goal of the more electrical aircraft is to substitute the different kind of transmission for the aeronautical power by electrical transmissions. The electric network has to evolve. This concept inspires the project AEROCOTS, which a part lies in the modification of the breaking means thanks to a hybrid contactor with an electrical circuit. To better understand what occurs between the contacts of the contactor and verified the absence of an electrical arc, a characterization method is employed to have a complete parameterized model of a contactor. Two electrical circuits are studied and the absence of an arc is verified. Their principle is to reduce to zero the current before the opening of the contactor. Their functioning and their models are experimentally verified. The choice of the second circuit is justified by a control of the opening current. An evolutionary algorithm, principle of the Darwin's theory, is realized to answer to the aeronautical objectives

Deionised-ozonated water, so-called DIO3 appears to be an ideal alternative for usage in semiconductor industry. The utilisation of DIO3 for removal of photoresist from silicon wafers is faster, cheaper, and more environmental-friendly compared to classical technology based on mixture of sulphuric acid with hydrogen peroxide, so-called SPM. The diploma thesis deals firstly with research into ozone and ozonated water and their possible applications. Next sections describe two prototypes of generators for DIO3, that were assembled in CSVG a.s. Testing of parameters for generators on dissolved-ozone concentration is also a part of this thesis. Moreover, thesis involves tests, that were carrier out in ON Semiconductor in Rožnov pod Radhoštěm. These tests compare efficiency of cleaning by classical technology based on SPM and DIO3 approach.

In the introduction a traction circuit is analyzed with different types of electric devices. The thesis describes power railway electric circuits, their loads and types of used contactors. Railway standards chapter summarizes requirements of standards for railway contactors. Follows literature focusing on power current switching and power switching devices design. Based on previous, a design procedure is developed for railway MV contactor in accordance with end-user and standards requirements. Thesis closes with pre-designing a railway contactor by calculating electrodynamic forces, heatflow and mechanical components.

L’épuration est une solution attractive pour la valorisation du biogaz. Néanmoins, les coûts associés à ces procédés constituent un frein au développement, en particulier pour l’épuration du biogaz d’origine agricole.Ces travaux ont évalué le contacteur à membranes, technologie issue du poumon artificiel, pour le développement d’un procédé d’absorption physique, robuste et répondant aux exigences de la filière. Un pilote expérimental modulaire (150-880 NL/h biogaz) a permis d’investiguer les performances du procédé en termes de rendement méthane R_CH4 et de qualité méthane y_CH4,out.Le contacteur à membranes permet de produire un biométhane répondant aux spécifications de l’injection réseau. Les paramètres opératoires clés ont été mis en évidence par un plan d’expérience. Parmi les limites connues du procédé, l’effet de l’humidification de la membrane sur le débit d’absorption du CO2 reste limité (< 10.5%) : une nouvelle description de l’humidification des pores a été proposée. La composition du gaz est plus limitante : le coefficient de transfert du CO2 est divisé par un facteur 2-3 lorsque celui-ci est présent en mélange plutôt qu’en gaz pur. Plusieurs configurations et solvants ont été testés pour améliorer les performances. L’intégration d’une boucle de recyclage et le remplacement de l’eau par une solution de sels (KCl) ont permis de déployer un procédé breveté atteignant les performances visées (R_CH4=98.7%, y_CH4,out=97.5%) : le flux membranaire est de 42 NL/m2/h CO2.En vue d’un dimensionnement industriel, un modèle original de transfert a été développé pour intégrer la géométrie interne spécifique du module membranaire. Optimisé et validé pour l’absorption de CO2 pur, cet outil numérique a nécessité l’optimisation d’une correction additionnelle inspirée des lois de diffusion pour décrire la limite observée en présence d’un mélange de gaz.Une mise à l’échelle est proposée pour 3 unités industrielles (100, 250 et 500 Nm3/h biogaz) sur la base des équipements disponibles. Les dimensionnements obtenus par analyse dimensionnelle ou par modélisation numérique diffèrent de 25 à 40 % et doivent encore être validés. / Upgrading is an attractive pathway for biogas utilization. Yet, the costs associated to these processes are still an obstacle to a widespread development, specifically in the case of farm anaerobic digestion units.This PhD has assessed membrane contactor, a technology derived from the artificial lung, for the development of a robust gas-liquid physical absorption process meeting the biogas industry expectations. A modular experimental pilot (150-880 NL/h biogas) was designed to investigate the performances in terms of methane recovery R_CH4 and methane quality y_CH4,out.The membrane contactor technology turned out to be suitable to produce a gas-grid quality biomethane. Key operating parameters were identified through a Design of Experiments. Among known process limitations, membrane wetting was found to have little influence on CO2 absorption (< 10.5%): a new pore wetting description was suggested. Gas composition was a stronger limitation: the CO2 mass transfer coefficient was divided by a factor 2-3 in the presence of a gas mixture instead of as a pure gas.Process configurations and solvents were successively tested to improve the performances. The addition of a methane recycling loop and the replacement of water by a saline solution (KCl) were combined into a patent and reached the targeted performances (R_CH4=98.7%, y_CH4,out=97.5%): the corresponding absorbed flux is 42 NL/m2/h CO2.For a process upscaling purpose, an original mass transfer model was developed to describe the specific internal geometry of the membrane module. Firstly optimized and validated for the absorption of pure CO2, this numerical tool has required an optimized additional correction inspired from diffusion laws to account for the mass transfer limitation observed for a binary gas mixture.Process designs are suggested for 3 industrial cases (100, 250 and 500 Nm3/h biogas) based on an available membrane contactor range. The process sizings resulting from the dimensional analysis methodology or numerical simulation differ from 25 to 40 % and must then be confirmed.

Aerobic biodegradation kinetics of 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by acclimated mixed cultures were examined separately and in mixture using batch and sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Biodegradation abilities of acclimated mixed cultures were also compared with those of isolated pure species. Complete degradation of chlorophenols and high COD removal efficiencies were observed throughout the SBRs operation. During the degradation of 4-CP, 5-chloro-2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde, (the -meta cleavage product of 4-CP), accumulated but was subsequently removed completely. Chlorophenol degradation rates increased with increasing chlorophenols concentration in the feed of the SBRs. Gradually decreasing feed peptone concentration did not adversely affect chlorophenol degradation profiles in SBRs. Only competent biomass was thought to be responsible for chlorophenol degradation due to required unique metabolic pathways. It was assumed that the fraction of competent biomass (specialist biomass) is equal to COD basis fraction of chlorophenols in the feed of the reactors as competent biomass grows on chlorophenols only. Models developed using this assumption agreed well with experimental data. The performance of a two stage rotating biological contactor (RBC) was also evaluated for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing peptone, 4-CP and 2,4-DCP at 5 rpm. High chlorophenols (&gt / 98%) and COD (&gt / 94%) removals were achieved throughout the reactor operation up to 1000 mg/L 4-CP and 500 mg/L 2,4-DCP in the feed. Results showed that RBC is more resistant than suspended growth reactors to high chlorophenols load. The change of dominant species during the operation of SBRs and RBC was also followed using API 20NE identification kits.