Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 107-110).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2007. / "Graduate Program in Civil and Environmental Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 194-200).

Zugl.: Berlin, Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2008. / 1. Aufl.

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An efficient container shipping industry is something every country strives toward. Continuous improvement in this industry is of utmost importance in order to grow a country’s economy. One of the objectives of this research study is to determine the inefficiencies that exist within the South African container shipping industry. A lot of these inefficiencies cannot be eliminated by a single organisation, but require the cooperation of all the parties in a supply chain. Currently there is not enough interaction between the organisations in the supply chain apart from limited contact with direct customers and suppliers. The aim of the performance measurement system is to drive organisations throughout the supply chain to focus on the areas that require the most improvement. If inefficiencies are identified, the parties concerned should jointly come up with action plans to address these inefficiencies. This research study will focus mostly on the Cape Town region. The performance measurement system (PMS) developed in this study can be used to improve supply chain efficiency. Existing PMSs were researched in order to develop a system that is applicable to the container industry. Research of the industry was done with the aid of questionnaires, interviews, surveys and a focus group. The benefits of such a system should be carefully explained to representatives of the organisations in the industry to attract their participation. The success of the system is highly dependent on how well the parties in the supply chain participate, as it is only then that the efficiency of a supply chain can be measured. Management representatives were asked to indicate which key performance indicators they are measuring. This information was used as a basis for the study. There are various parties that are currently busy with similar studies, which emphasises the increased need for a supply chain PMS in the container shipping industry. Two case studies were identified that will benefit from a PMS. BMW’s manufacturing plant in Rosslyn and the fruit export industry in the Cape Town region were used as examples of integrated supply chains. The PMS can be easily adapted in order to apply it to other corridors or commodities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘n Doeltreffende houer verskepingsindustrie is iets waarna elke land streef. Konstante verbeterings in die industrie is baie belangrik vir ‘n land se ekonomie. Een van die doelwitte van hierdie navorsingsprojek is om te bepaal wat die ondoeltreffendhede in die houer verskepingsindustrie is. Baie van hierdie ondoeltreffendhede kan nie deur een organisasie opgelos of geïlimineer word nie. Dit moet deur die hele voorsieningsketting gesamentlik gedoen word. Daar is tans te min samewerking tussen organisasies in die voorsieningsketting. In die meeste gevalle werk organisasies slegs met hulle onmiddelike kliënte en verskaffers. ‘n Voorsieningsketting meting-stelsel sal verseker dat daar op die regte aspekte gefokus word. As ‘n ondoeltreffendheid geïdentifiseer word, is dit die verantwoordelikheid van die hele voorsieningsketting om te verseker dat die ondoeltreffendheid geïlimineer word. Dit sal beslis samewerking bevorder. Die navorsingsprojek fokus meestal op Kaapstad. Bestaande meting-stelsels was geondersoek om ‘n stelsel te ontwikkel wat van toepassing is op die houer verskepingsindustrie. Navorsing was gedoen deur middel van vraelyste, onderhoude, opnames en ‘n fokusgroep. Die doel van die meting-stelsel is om organisasies regdeur die voorsieningsketting te dryf om te fokus op die areas wat die meeste verbetering benodig. Die voordele van die stelsel moet noukeurig aan die bestuursverteenwoordigers van die organisasies in die voorsieningsketting verduidelik word sodat hulle sal deelneem aan die inisiatief. Die sukses van die meting-stelsel hang af van hoeveel organisasies sal deelneem. Die doeltreffendheid van ‘n voorsieningsketting sal eers werklik gemeet kan word as daar ‘n redelike groot belangstelling vanaf die industrie is. Bestuursverteenwoordigers was gevra om aan te dui watter prestasie-aanwysers hulle tans meet. Hierdie inligting was gebruik as ‘n basis vir die studie. Daar is tans verskeie partye wat besig is met soortgelyke navorsing. Dit beklemtoon die feit dat ‘n voorsieningsketting meting-stelsel werklik nodig is vir die houer verskepingsindustrie. Twee gevalle studies was geïdentifeseer dat hulle sal voordeel trek uit die implementering van ‘n voorsieningsketting meting-stelsel. BMW se Rosslyn voorsieningsketting en die vrugte uitvoer industrie in Kaapstad was gebruik as voorbeelde van geïntegreerde voorsieningskettings. Die meting-stelsels kan maklik aangepas word vir ander kommoditeite.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-04T22:01:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AuloAndreLeiteDeAquino_DISSERT.pdf: 22687202 bytes, checksum: 82d5e3076bd186a1109f627b0958c865 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-11T19:34:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AuloAndreLeiteDeAquino_DISSERT.pdf: 22687202 bytes, checksum: 82d5e3076bd186a1109f627b0958c865 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-11T19:34:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AuloAndreLeiteDeAquino_DISSERT.pdf: 22687202 bytes, checksum: 82d5e3076bd186a1109f627b0958c865 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-22 / A arquitetura do canteiro de obras, no que se refere ao projeto de suas edifica??es e sua implanta??o, ponderando aspectos de conforto ambiental, sustentabilidade e de sua execu??o, ? algo n?o observado e desconsiderado nas constru??es de edif?cios no Brasil. Esse certo menosprezo do ponto de vista arquitet?nico em rela??o ao canteiro, cuja concep??o ? comumente definida apenas pela engenharia civil, ? importante ser avaliado, pois implica em, al?m do aspecto f?sico e econ?mico dos barrac?es, exig?ncias humanas. Atualmente, o uso dos containers como sistema construtivo apresenta-se como uma alternativa para aspectos f?sicos e econ?micos, tratando-se da sustentabilidade, e s?o cada vez mais utilizados como op??es em canteiros. Desta forma, o objetivo da disserta??o ? elaborar um anteprojeto arquitet?nico de um canteiro de obras com o uso de containers, de forma a proporcionar conforto ambiental aos usu?rios. Logo, o projeto proposto ? formado por containers reutilizados e adaptados (a partir da premissa de promo??o de conforto ambiental), atendendo ? constru??o de um empreendimento com aproximadamente 52.500,00m? de ?rea constru?da em zona adens?vel da cidade de Natal/RN. Comp?em etapas da metodologia projetual a revis?o bibliogr?fica sobre layout e edifica??es destinadas a abrigar atividades da constru??o, al?m de conforto ambiental, desenvolvimento sustent?vel e arquitetura bioclim?tica; coleta de informa??es in loco, por meio de visitas a canteiros no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos; an?lise dos condicionantes projetuais; conceitos da proposta; estudo do problema de projeto, da programa??o arquitet?nica e pr?-dimensionamento; al?m das necessidades de adapta??o do sistema construtivo para, em seguida, se definir o partido arquitet?nico e demais prop?sitos do anteprojeto. A partir da evolu??o do processo de concep??o foi poss?vel definir cinco adapta??es de conforto ambiental projetadas para o container, comprovadas por meio de simula??es e c?lculos t?cnicos; al?m do custo dessas modifica??es para o reuso da ?caixa met?lica?. Assim, a arquitetura retoma o comando da idealiza??o e elabora??o do canteiro de obras, empregando disciplinas pr?prias de sua ?rea de conhecimento, com custo compat?vel e promovendo conforto ambiental aos funcion?rios da constru??o civil. / The architecture of the construction site - with regard to the design of its buildings and layout, considering environmental comfort and sustainability aspects, up to its own implementation -, is overlooked during the construction of buildings in Brazil. From an architectural point of view, such disregard of the building site, whose design is solely defined by civil engineering, is important to be assessed, as it is revealing of human needs, beyond the physical and economic aspects of the sheds. Currently, the use of the containers as part of a building system is presented as an alternative for physical and economical reasons related to sustainability, being increasingly used as an option in site works. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop an architectural design for a construction site with the use of containers in order to provide environmental comfort to its users. The architectural proposal relies on re-used and adapted shipping containers (focusing on the promotion of environmental comfort) to support the construction of an enterprise with approximately 52.500,00m?, to be built in the high-density zone of the city of Natal / RN. The design method?s stages include a review of the literature on buildings and layouts used in construction activities, besides reviewing themes of environmental comfort, sustainable development and bioclimatic architecture. Also, data gathered during visits to building sites in Brazil and in the United States; analysis of design conditions; the design concepts; study of the design problem (the architectural programming and the preliminary design); as well as the adaptation requirements for the constructive system in order to define architecture, are presented as part of the design method?s stages. The evolution of the design process made possible to define five environmental comfort adaptations for the container, which were validated through technical simulations and calculations, besides setting the cost of these changes to the reuse of the "metal box". Architecture then regains the command of the idealization of the construction site, using disciplines of its field of knowledge, considering aspects of cost and promoting environmental comfort to the construction workers.

ADans cette thède, nous traitons le problème de stockage de conteneurs dans un terminal portuaire. Dans un premier temps, noux présentons une étude bibliographique dans laquelle sont analysés les travaux qui ont déhà été rélisé dans ce domaine. Ensuite, nous présentons une étude analytique, puis une modélisation mathématique et des méthodes de résolution numérique qui englobent des algorithmes efficaces. Nous proposons une démonstration de la compexité du problème de stockage de conteneurs en considérant différents cas de stockage. Ce problème étant "Np_difficile" peut être difficilement résolu avec le logiciel d'optimisation "ILOG CPLEX". », raison pour laquelle nous proposons un algorithme de banch-and-cut, qui est une méthode de résolution exacte et qui nous a permis de repousser les limites de "ILOG CPLEX". Nous avons aussi proposé des algorithmes métatheuristiques et des hybridations qui procurent des résultats très satisfaisants et qui sont très avantageux en temps de calcul. / AIn this thesis, we trait the container storage problem at port terminal. Initially, we present a state of the art in which the work that have been previously made in this filed are analyzed. After that, we present an analytical study. Thed we propose a mathematical modelling and some methods of resolution including effective algorithms. We propose a demonstration of the complexity of the problem by considering different cases of storage. This problme is "Np_difficult, so not always easy to solve by using the optimization software "ILOG CPLEX”. This is why we propose a branch-and-cut algorithm, wich is an optimal resolution algorithm and wich enables to go beyong the limits of "ILOG CPLEX". We also proposed meta-heuristic algorithms and hybridizations wich provide satisfactory resulys and wich required less calculation times.

abstract: Every year, more than 11 million maritime containers and 11 million commercial trucks arrive to the United States, carrying all types of imported goods. As it would be costly to inspect every container, only a fraction of them are inspected before being allowed to proceed into the United States. This dissertation proposes a decision support system that aims to allocate the scarce inspection resources at a land POE (L-POE), to minimize the different costs associated with the inspection process, including those associated with delaying the entry of legitimate imports. Given the ubiquity of sensors in all aspects of the supply chain, it is necessary to have automated decision systems that incorporate the information provided by these sensors and other possible channels into the inspection planning process. The inspection planning system proposed in this dissertation decomposes the inspection effort allocation process into two phases: Primary and detailed inspection planning. The former helps decide what to inspect, and the latter how to conduct the inspections. A multi-objective optimization (MOO) model is developed for primary inspection planning. This model tries to balance the costs of conducting inspections, direct and expected, and the waiting time of the trucks. The resulting model is exploited in two different ways: One is to construct a complete or a partial efficient frontier for the MOO model with diversity of Pareto-optimal solutions maximized; the other is to evaluate a given inspection plan and provide possible suggestions for improvement. The methodologies are described in detail and case studies provided. The case studies show that this MOO based primary planning model can effectively pick out the non-conforming trucks to inspect, while balancing the costs and waiting time. / Dissertation/Thesis / code developed in this dissertation / Ph.D. Industrial Engineering 2012

A logística de contêiner vem aumentando sua participação em volume de cargas transportadas, tornando-se a parcela mais significativa do tráfego de mercadorias. Com isso, o gerenciamento dos altos custos envolvidos com a aquisição, manutenção, manipulação e transporte desses contêineres tornam-se um problema relevante para as organizações. As alocações dos contêineres cheios e vazios são comumente vistos como dois sistemas distintos e estáticos e não de forma intregada e dinâmica. Há um número restrito de trabalhos na literatura desenvolvendo heurísticas integrando os sistemas, porém não foi encontrada uma formulação ótima para o problema. Logo, a questão para a dissertação é quão próximo estão os resultados das heurísticas encontradas na literatura, para o problema da alocação de contêineres, dos resultados ótimos. O presente trabalho apresenta uma formulação matemática para o problema de alocação dinâmica, e integrada, para contêineres cheios e vazios. A formulação foi testada com diversos cenários, objetivando saber o limite computacional das instâncias para a formulação. Como o problema é um problema NP-Hard, heurísticas são comumente apresentadas na literatura. Demonstra-se como podem ser realizadas comparações entre os resultados das heurísticas e os resultados ótimos e visam a constatação da importância de uma formulação ótima para comparações. / Containers' Logistics has increased their importance in the goods transportion and nowadays, has the most important share of them. With that in mind, the management of high costs of acquisition, maintenance, manipulation and transportation of them became a significant problem to organizations. The problem of empty container allocation and load container allocation are commonly treated as two distinct, and static, systems, which means without integration and not dynamically. Just a couple of examples could be found of the two systems dynamically integrated, and no optimal model was found. So, the question here is how close heuristics' results are from the optimal results. A mathematical formulation is presented to the problem concerned with the integration and the dynamics associated to it. The formulation was tested with several scenarios to determine the maximum size that could be tested with optimal results, in an acceptable computacional time. Since the problem is a NP-Hard problem, heuristics approach are commonly used. Here is demonstrated how could be compare optimal solutions of the formulation and solutions from heuristics, and aim to demonstrate the significance of the optimal formulation.

O transporte de contêineres é um serviço essencial no transporte global, apresentando uma rápida taxa de crescimento na sua utilização quando comparado com outros modos de transporte convencionais. Nesse contexto, o problema de roteirização de cargas de contêineres e o problema de reposicionamento de contêineres vazios são altamente correlacionados, sugerindo a necessidade de uma formulação conjunta adaptada para otimizar o sistema. Esta tese apresenta uma nova sistemática para seleção de cargas, alocação de cargas e reposicionamento de contêineres vazios em apoio às decisões operacionais no gerenciamento do transporte de contêineres por companhia de transporte regular em modal marítimo. O modelo proposto possibilita selecionar cargas e decidir por alternativas de rotas, além de reposicionar os contêineres vazios. O modelo integrado visa maximizar a margem de contribuição no transporte de contêineres para uma demanda fixa de múltiplos tipos de contêineres por uma rede de transporte em um horizonte de tempo particular, como uma rede espaço-tempo em um modelo de rede de fluxo máximo com restrições adicionais de alocação de requisições de cargas em caminhos nas rotas conhecidas. Foram criadas instâncias consistentes com a realidade considerando diferentes demandas fixas e estoques de contêineres. Os resultados mostram a flexibilidade e aplicabilidade do modelo para solucionar este problema de decisão complexo. / Container shipping is an essential service in global trade, presenting a fast-growing rate of utilization when compared to other conventional shipping modes. In this context, the cargo container routeing and empty repositioning container problems considering maritime liner companies are highly related, suggesting the need for a joint formulation tailored to optimize the system. This Thesis proposes a novel approach for cargoes acceptance in routes and empty container repositioning in support to decisions in the container transporting management by liner shipping companies in maritime transport modal. The proposed model decides by cargo acceptance or rejection to transport in known routes, in addition to reposition the empty containers. The integrated model maximises the contribution margin for fixed demand of multiples types of containers by a transport network in a particular season as a space-time network based on a max-flow network model with additional constraints of cargoes requisitions allocation in fixed route paths. We defined instances consistent with reality considering different fixed demands and inventory of containers. The results show the flexibility and applicability of this model to solve this complex decision problem.

A logística de contêiner vem aumentando sua participação em volume de cargas transportadas, tornando-se a parcela mais significativa do tráfego de mercadorias. Com isso, o gerenciamento dos altos custos envolvidos com a aquisição, manutenção, manipulação e transporte desses contêineres tornam-se um problema relevante para as organizações. As alocações dos contêineres cheios e vazios são comumente vistos como dois sistemas distintos e estáticos e não de forma intregada e dinâmica. Há um número restrito de trabalhos na literatura desenvolvendo heurísticas integrando os sistemas, porém não foi encontrada uma formulação ótima para o problema. Logo, a questão para a dissertação é quão próximo estão os resultados das heurísticas encontradas na literatura, para o problema da alocação de contêineres, dos resultados ótimos. O presente trabalho apresenta uma formulação matemática para o problema de alocação dinâmica, e integrada, para contêineres cheios e vazios. A formulação foi testada com diversos cenários, objetivando saber o limite computacional das instâncias para a formulação. Como o problema é um problema NP-Hard, heurísticas são comumente apresentadas na literatura. Demonstra-se como podem ser realizadas comparações entre os resultados das heurísticas e os resultados ótimos e visam a constatação da importância de uma formulação ótima para comparações. / Containers' Logistics has increased their importance in the goods transportion and nowadays, has the most important share of them. With that in mind, the management of high costs of acquisition, maintenance, manipulation and transportation of them became a significant problem to organizations. The problem of empty container allocation and load container allocation are commonly treated as two distinct, and static, systems, which means without integration and not dynamically. Just a couple of examples could be found of the two systems dynamically integrated, and no optimal model was found. So, the question here is how close heuristics' results are from the optimal results. A mathematical formulation is presented to the problem concerned with the integration and the dynamics associated to it. The formulation was tested with several scenarios to determine the maximum size that could be tested with optimal results, in an acceptable computacional time. Since the problem is a NP-Hard problem, heuristics approach are commonly used. Here is demonstrated how could be compare optimal solutions of the formulation and solutions from heuristics, and aim to demonstrate the significance of the optimal formulation.