abstract: ABSTRACT The integration of technology into content area teaching while taking into account state standards is a continuing challenge for secondary teachers. To address this challenge, six high school teachers participated in one-on-one tutoring sessions conducted by the researcher. The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), which posits that teachers add technology into their practice by blending it with content and pedagogy, served as the theoretical framework and guided implementation of the project. During the one-on-one tutoring sessions, which occurred weekly in hour-long sessions for a five- to eight-week period, teachers selected the focus of the training sessions. To assess teacher perceptions of efficacy quantitative data were gathered prior to and following the intervention using an on-line survey tool. Although pre- to post-intervention scores on the survey increased, the difference was not significant. With respect to the qualitative data four themes emerged. First, there were specific processes and patterns that emerged within the sessions related to the TPACK framework. Teachers selected either technology or content to initiate sessions. Teachers did not begin sessions with high yield pedagogical strategies as a focus. Second, one-on-one tutoring fostered an initial sense of community, and as the project progressed, a community of practice emerged. Third, challenges emerged related to technology and high yield pedagogical strategies. At times technology did not work or teachers expressed there was too much to grasp and apply to their practice. Additionally, the appropriate applications of high yield instructional strategies also presented challenges to participants. Fourth, based on their participation in the project, teachers expressed an increased sense of efficacy with respect to conducting their work. The discussion was focused on how teachers created a community of practice to support their professional growth, which influenced efficacy for teaching as they became increasingly effective in blending technology, pedagogy and content. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ed.D. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2011

abstract: This study contributes to the ongoing discussion of Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching (MKT). It investigates the case of Rico, a high school mathematics teacher who had become known to his colleagues and his students as a superbly effective mathematics teacher. His students not only developed excellent mathematical skills, they also developed deep understanding of the mathematics they learned. Moreover, Rico redesigned his curricula and instruction completely so that they provided a means of support for his students to learn mathematics the way he intended. The purpose of this study was to understand the sources of Rico's effectiveness. The data for this study was generated in three phases. Phase I included videos of Rico's lessons during one semester of an Algebra II course, post-lesson reflections, and Rico's self-constructed instructional materials. An analysis of Phase I data led to Phase II, which consisted of eight extensive stimulated-reflection interviews with Rico. Phase III consisted of a conceptual analysis of the prior phases with the aim of creating models of Rico's mathematical conceptions, his conceptions of his students' mathematical understandings, and his images of instruction and instructional design. Findings revealed that Rico had developed profound personal understandings, grounded in quantitative reasoning, of the mathematics that he taught, and profound pedagogical understandings that supported these very same ways of thinking in his students. Rico's redesign was driven by three factors: (1) the particular way in which Rico himself understood the mathematics he taught, (2) his reflective awareness of those ways of thinking, and (3) his ability to envision what students might learn from different instructional approaches. Rico always considered what someone might already need to understand in order to understand "this" in the way he was thinking of it, and how understanding "this" might help students understand related ideas or methods. Rico's continual reflection on the mathematics he knew so as to make it more coherent, and his continual orientation to imagining how these meanings might work for students' learning, made Rico's mathematics become a mathematics of students--impacting how he assessed his practice and engaging him in a continual process of developing MKT. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Mathematics 2011

abstract: Few would argue that teacher effectiveness is a key lever in education reform and improving the overall quality of public education, especially in poor and working class communities. To that end, the importance of supporting and developing beginning teachers is of utmost importance in education, thus requiring deep understandings of the process of learning to teach. Yet, most conceptions of teacher learning struggle to capture the social, cultural, and historical context of teacher learning, particularly in understanding how learning and the production of knowledge is situated, active, and complex. One example of this limitation comes from the field of research on pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and its importance in developing effective beginning teachers. This study characterizes beginning teachers' production of PCK within a cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) framework. This study finds that the teachers produce PCK mostly based on their own individual experiences and reflections, receiving little assistance from the structures intended to provide them with support. The self-produced PCK is uneven, underdeveloped, and relies on teachers to use their sense of agency and identity to navigate dissonant and unbalanced activity systems. Over time, PCK production remains uneven and underdeveloped, while the individual teachers find it more and more difficult to bring balance to their activity systems, ultimately resulting in their exit from the activity system of teaching in their district and school. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2012

Orientador: Roberto Nardi / Banca: Maria José Pereira Monteiro de Almeida / Banca: Washington Luiz Pacheco de Carvalho / Resumo: Descreve-se aqui uma pesquisa com estudantes cursando a disciplina Prática de Ensino no último ano do Curso de Licenciatura em Física na Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Câmpus de Bauru, São Paulo. A pesquisa procurou avaliar a transformação de postura destes futuros docentes através da reflexão durante o processo, planejamento e aplicação em situações reais de sala de aula de uma sequência de atividades de ensino sobre o tema pressão atmosférica, levando em consideração resultados recentes de investigações na linha construtivista, tais como: respeito às concepções prévias dos estudantes, discussões sobre mudança conceitual e inserção da História e Filosofia da Ciência no ensino. A pesquisa buscou especificamente responder às seguintes questões: a) as atividades desenvolvidas influenciaram diretamente no conhecimento do conteúdo específico sobre o tema abordado? b) como os futuros docentes transformaram o conteúdo específico em conteúdo pedagógico? Após discussões teóricas os planejamentos de ensino foram elaborados por cada um dos três grupos de licenciandos e as sequências de atividades foram aplicadas em turmas de ensino médio, sob supervisão do docente responsável pela disciplina. Nos intervalos entre as aplicações das atividades foram realizadas reuniões de reflexões sobre a prática realizada. Todas atividades foram cuidadosamente gravadas. A coleta de dados incluiu também questionários e entrevistas iniciais e finais. As conclusões mostram que: a) a reflexão sobre a prática apresenta-se como um aspecto positivo a ser considerado na formação iniciail, pois favoreceu a incorporação de elementos essenciais do referencial teórico estudado: b) o processo favoreceu uma melhoria significativa do conhecimento sobre conteúdos específicos de Física dos licenciandos; c) em relação a aspectos pedagógicos, nem sempre os futuros... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: It is described here a research undertaken among last year students of an undergraduate program designed to form High School Physics teachers (Licenciatura) held at Bauru campus of the Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP. The research aimed to evaluate the future teachers posture's change through the reflection made during the process of planning and applying a sequence of classes about atmosphere pressure in real classroom situations, taking into consideration outcomes of recent constructivist research such as: respect to the students' previous conceptions, discussions on conceptual change and insertion of History and Phylosophy of Science into teaching. The research sought specifically to answer to the following questions: a) Do the developed activities induced to improve future teacher's content knowledge on the subject taught? b) How do the future teachers turned the content knowledge into pedagogical knowledge? After theoretical discussions the teaching planning were elaborated for each one of the three groups of future teachers and the activities sequence were applied in High School classrooms, under the advising of the professor responsible for the course. During the intervals between the applications meeting were made in order to reflect on the teaching practice observed. All the activities done were recorded. Data collected include also questionnaires and initial and final interviews. Conclusions show that: a) the reflection on the teaching practice shows as a positive aspect to be considered during the initial formation of teachers since it favoured to incorporate essential elements of theoretical references studied before; b) the process helped to improve future teachers' content knowledge; c) in relation to pedagogical contents, classroom activities show that not always they assumed constructivist posture during the classes; mixing them with other traditional methodologies... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

A autorregulação é um dos vários elementos considerados essenciais no processo de aprendizagem, pode-se afirmar que um aluno autorregulado em sua aprendizagem é aquele que aprendeu a planejar, controlar e avaliar seus processos cognitivos, motivacionais, afetivos, comportamentais e contextuais; possui autoconhecimento sobre o próprio modo de aprender, suas potencialidades e limitações. Com esse conhecimento o estudante controla e regula o próprio processo de aprendizagem em direção a seus objetivos e metas. Por sua vez o professor autorregulado é capaz de auxiliar no desenvolvimento dos processos autorregulatórios de seus estudantes e oferecer oportunidades para que também autorregulem sua própria atuação. É nesta perspectiva que este estudo pré-experimental se fundamenta, na instrução direta dos processos de autorregulação da aprendizagem. Com esse intuito foi proposta uma Oficina Online de Estratégias de Estudo, com um grupo de 76 estudantes universitários do Curso de Licenciatura em Matemática a Distância, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, universidade participante do Consórcio Universidade Aberta do Brasil. Os participantes mostraram semelhanças ao perfil do aluno virtual brasileiro, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino, com idade média de 33 anos e que exercem atividade remunerada com dedicação média de 39 horas semanais. Buscou-se avaliar o impacto no processo autorregulatório da aprendizagem e no conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo do futuro professor de matemática. Para avaliar o impacto da experiência de ensino com adaptação do Programa de Gervásio ao contexto online, foram analisadas quantitativamente as variáveis autorregulação da aprendizagem (IPAA), o conhecimento de estratégias de aprendizagem (CEA) e o conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo equação do segundo grau (CPC), antes e após a experiência de ensino. Também foi realizada a análise dessas variáveis em função das variáveis categóricas pessoais e acadêmicas dos participantes. Para aferir a relação entre a autorregulação da aprendizagem e o conhecimento do conteúdo pedagógico foi realizada a análise de correlação entre o IPAA (pós), CEA (pós), CPC (pós) e as variáveis categóricas - idade e rendimento acadêmico médio. Além deste conjunto de análises, foi avaliada a variável entrega da atividade. Para uma interlocução com a análise quantitativa, foi realizada a análise dos dados qualitativos obtidos através do Chat e dos Fóruns de Discussão e, por fim, foram determinadas as frequências relativas das respostas à Ficha de Avaliação da Oficina, bem como realizada a análise qualitativa das questões abertas desta avaliação. Através desta investigação foi possível verificar que o ensino dos processos autorregulatórios, na educação a distância é um constructo fundamental e viável para formação de um educador matemático, pois permitiu uma mudança significativa no conhecimento declarativo das estratégias de aprendizagem e do conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo matemático do futuro professor. Além das mudanças cognitivas decorrentes da experiência de ensino foi possível observar outros fatores que possibilitam a gerência dos comportamentos, pensamentos e sentimentos, voltados e adaptados para obtenção de metas pessoais e guiados por padrões gerais de conduta, tais como: a identificação de fatores que influenciam a aprendizagem, a antecipação dos resultados das ações, experimentação de satisfação com o próprio esforço, crenças de autoeficácia positivas, autorreflexão, gerenciamento do tempo disponível, o monitoramento do próprio desempenho, percepção do valor do aprendizado. Pelos resultados obtidos, parece pertinente, que a competência de autorregulação da aprendizagem componha a arquitetura pedagógica de cursos de formação inicial de professores de matemática, na modalidade a distância. / The self-regulation is one of several elements considered essential in the learning process, it can be said that a self-regulated learner in their learning is one who has learned to plan, monitor and evaluate their cognitive, motivational, affective, behavioral and contextual processes; it has self knowledge about the proper way to learn, its potential and limitations. With this knowledge the student controls and regulates the learning process itself toward its goals and objectives. On the other hand self-regulated teacher is able to assist in the development of self-regulatory processes of their students and provide opportunities for them to also self regulate their own performance. It is in this perspective that this pre-experimental study is based on the direct instruction of self-regulation processes of learning. In this sense, we propose an Online Workshop Study Strategy for a group of 76 college students of the Degree in Mathematics distance, from Federal University of Pelotas, which is participant of the university consortium “Universidade Aberta do Brasil”. The participants of Workshop showed similarities to the profile of Brazilian virtual student. The most of them are female with mean age of 33 years and performing paid work with dedication average of 39 hours per week. We sought to assess the impact on auto-regulatory process of learning and pedagogical content knowledge of future teachers of mathematics. To assess the impact of teaching experience with adaptation of Gervasio´s program to the online environment, were quantitatively analyzed the learning of self-regulation variables (IPAA), knowledge of learning strategies (CEA) and the pedagogical content knowledge of the quadratic equation (CPC) before and after the teaching experience. Also carried out analysis of these variables on the basis of personal and academic categorical variables of the participants. To assess the relationship between self-regulation of learning and knowledge in the educational content was performed the correlation analysis between the IPAA (post), CEA (post), CPC (post) and categorical variables - age, average academic performance. In addition to this set of analyzes, the variable delivery activity was evaluated. For a dialogue with the quantitative analysis, the analysis of qualitative data obtained through the Chat and Forums was held and, finally, were determined relative frequencies of responses to the Workshop Evaluation Form and carried out a qualitative analysis of open questions of this evaluation. Through this research we found that the teaching of self-regulatory processes in distance education is a fundamental construct and feasible to form a mathematics educator, it allowed a significant change in declarative knowledge of learning strategies and pedagogical knowledge of the mathematical content of future teacher. In addition to the cognitive changes resulting from the teaching experience we observed other factors that enable the management of behaviors, thoughts and feelings, directed and adapted for achieving personal goals and guided by general standards of conduct, such as the identification of factors that influence learning, the anticipation of the results of actions, trial of satisfaction with their own efforts, positive self-efficacy beliefs, self-reflection, available time management, monitoring one's own performance, perception of the value of learning. The results obtained, it seems pertinent that the competence of learning self-regulation compose the pedagogical architecture of initial training courses for mathematics teachers, in the distance.

This thesis deals about the use of authoring tools in physics, especially in creating physical models and simulations, and their contribution to different areas of teaching. The use of authoring tools is in the thesis closely discussed in connection with the teaching theories of constructivism and pedagogical content knowledge. The specific content of these theories and the reasons for their links to reference topics are listed in the theoretical part. Here is the survey of the current state of ICT tools with regard to their potential application in the teaching of physics. These are some examples of the selected authoring tools and examples of their use. In the experimental part of the thesis are first formulated research questions and the research hypotheses. That will be tested in the research. The research question was: "Has the use of authoring tools significant improvement in pupils' understanding and application of the curriculum?". The reason for this formulation and relevant hypothesis are described in the paper. Based on the research hypotheses was chosen research approach and used method - in this case pedagogical experiment. In the research were involved in various schools and teachers. The content of testing the effect of authoring tools were also different curriculum in physical education. Individual experiments and their results are described in separate chapters. In each description is a didactic analysis and justification of the selected used simulation maded by authoring tool. For each experiment, the values are given statistical probability of confirming/rejecting the hypothesis. In conclusion, the overall evaluation experiments and on this basis are recommended ways to implement authoring tools into teaching. There were described some other suggestions to use authoring tools, going beyond the experiment, based on the author's personal experience and teaching practice. It is recommended to dedicate neglected issue of authoring tools in teaching more attention in other pedagogical research.

Abstract_EN The thesis focuses on the use of e-learning in teaching of Pedagogy1 at higher education. It points to effects and changes that come with the gradual development and integration of ICT into the educational process and everyday life. Presents opportunities to develop teachers' knowledge of e-learning, based on the TPACK framework. In the empirical part, we present the reader usable taxonomy of Pedagogy instructional planning (learning) activities types. For every activity types we attach to the concept of e-learning solutions. At the end of thesis, the reader finds examples of application-specific Pedagogy instructional planning activities types in practice. 1 Termín Pedagogy překládáme jako didaktika (snažíme se v práci držet jednotnou podobu překladu (blíže s. 53))

A autorregulação é um dos vários elementos considerados essenciais no processo de aprendizagem, pode-se afirmar que um aluno autorregulado em sua aprendizagem é aquele que aprendeu a planejar, controlar e avaliar seus processos cognitivos, motivacionais, afetivos, comportamentais e contextuais; possui autoconhecimento sobre o próprio modo de aprender, suas potencialidades e limitações. Com esse conhecimento o estudante controla e regula o próprio processo de aprendizagem em direção a seus objetivos e metas. Por sua vez o professor autorregulado é capaz de auxiliar no desenvolvimento dos processos autorregulatórios de seus estudantes e oferecer oportunidades para que também autorregulem sua própria atuação. É nesta perspectiva que este estudo pré-experimental se fundamenta, na instrução direta dos processos de autorregulação da aprendizagem. Com esse intuito foi proposta uma Oficina Online de Estratégias de Estudo, com um grupo de 76 estudantes universitários do Curso de Licenciatura em Matemática a Distância, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, universidade participante do Consórcio Universidade Aberta do Brasil. Os participantes mostraram semelhanças ao perfil do aluno virtual brasileiro, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino, com idade média de 33 anos e que exercem atividade remunerada com dedicação média de 39 horas semanais. Buscou-se avaliar o impacto no processo autorregulatório da aprendizagem e no conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo do futuro professor de matemática. Para avaliar o impacto da experiência de ensino com adaptação do Programa de Gervásio ao contexto online, foram analisadas quantitativamente as variáveis autorregulação da aprendizagem (IPAA), o conhecimento de estratégias de aprendizagem (CEA) e o conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo equação do segundo grau (CPC), antes e após a experiência de ensino. Também foi realizada a análise dessas variáveis em função das variáveis categóricas pessoais e acadêmicas dos participantes. Para aferir a relação entre a autorregulação da aprendizagem e o conhecimento do conteúdo pedagógico foi realizada a análise de correlação entre o IPAA (pós), CEA (pós), CPC (pós) e as variáveis categóricas - idade e rendimento acadêmico médio. Além deste conjunto de análises, foi avaliada a variável entrega da atividade. Para uma interlocução com a análise quantitativa, foi realizada a análise dos dados qualitativos obtidos através do Chat e dos Fóruns de Discussão e, por fim, foram determinadas as frequências relativas das respostas à Ficha de Avaliação da Oficina, bem como realizada a análise qualitativa das questões abertas desta avaliação. Através desta investigação foi possível verificar que o ensino dos processos autorregulatórios, na educação a distância é um constructo fundamental e viável para formação de um educador matemático, pois permitiu uma mudança significativa no conhecimento declarativo das estratégias de aprendizagem e do conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo matemático do futuro professor. Além das mudanças cognitivas decorrentes da experiência de ensino foi possível observar outros fatores que possibilitam a gerência dos comportamentos, pensamentos e sentimentos, voltados e adaptados para obtenção de metas pessoais e guiados por padrões gerais de conduta, tais como: a identificação de fatores que influenciam a aprendizagem, a antecipação dos resultados das ações, experimentação de satisfação com o próprio esforço, crenças de autoeficácia positivas, autorreflexão, gerenciamento do tempo disponível, o monitoramento do próprio desempenho, percepção do valor do aprendizado. Pelos resultados obtidos, parece pertinente, que a competência de autorregulação da aprendizagem componha a arquitetura pedagógica de cursos de formação inicial de professores de matemática, na modalidade a distância. / The self-regulation is one of several elements considered essential in the learning process, it can be said that a self-regulated learner in their learning is one who has learned to plan, monitor and evaluate their cognitive, motivational, affective, behavioral and contextual processes; it has self knowledge about the proper way to learn, its potential and limitations. With this knowledge the student controls and regulates the learning process itself toward its goals and objectives. On the other hand self-regulated teacher is able to assist in the development of self-regulatory processes of their students and provide opportunities for them to also self regulate their own performance. It is in this perspective that this pre-experimental study is based on the direct instruction of self-regulation processes of learning. In this sense, we propose an Online Workshop Study Strategy for a group of 76 college students of the Degree in Mathematics distance, from Federal University of Pelotas, which is participant of the university consortium “Universidade Aberta do Brasil”. The participants of Workshop showed similarities to the profile of Brazilian virtual student. The most of them are female with mean age of 33 years and performing paid work with dedication average of 39 hours per week. We sought to assess the impact on auto-regulatory process of learning and pedagogical content knowledge of future teachers of mathematics. To assess the impact of teaching experience with adaptation of Gervasio´s program to the online environment, were quantitatively analyzed the learning of self-regulation variables (IPAA), knowledge of learning strategies (CEA) and the pedagogical content knowledge of the quadratic equation (CPC) before and after the teaching experience. Also carried out analysis of these variables on the basis of personal and academic categorical variables of the participants. To assess the relationship between self-regulation of learning and knowledge in the educational content was performed the correlation analysis between the IPAA (post), CEA (post), CPC (post) and categorical variables - age, average academic performance. In addition to this set of analyzes, the variable delivery activity was evaluated. For a dialogue with the quantitative analysis, the analysis of qualitative data obtained through the Chat and Forums was held and, finally, were determined relative frequencies of responses to the Workshop Evaluation Form and carried out a qualitative analysis of open questions of this evaluation. Through this research we found that the teaching of self-regulatory processes in distance education is a fundamental construct and feasible to form a mathematics educator, it allowed a significant change in declarative knowledge of learning strategies and pedagogical knowledge of the mathematical content of future teacher. In addition to the cognitive changes resulting from the teaching experience we observed other factors that enable the management of behaviors, thoughts and feelings, directed and adapted for achieving personal goals and guided by general standards of conduct, such as the identification of factors that influence learning, the anticipation of the results of actions, trial of satisfaction with their own efforts, positive self-efficacy beliefs, self-reflection, available time management, monitoring one's own performance, perception of the value of learning. The results obtained, it seems pertinent that the competence of learning self-regulation compose the pedagogical architecture of initial training courses for mathematics teachers, in the distance.

abstract: Concerted efforts have been made within teacher preparation programs to integrate teaching with technology into the curriculum. Unfortunately, these efforts continue to fall short as teachers' application of educational technology is unsophisticated and not well integrated. The most prevalent approaches to integrating technology tend to ignore pedagogy and content and assume that the technology integration knowledge for all contexts is the same. One theoretical framework that does acknowledge content, pedagogy, and context in conjunction with technology is Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and was the lens through which teacher development was measured and interpreted in this study. The purpose of this study was to investigate graduate teacher education students' knowledge and practice of teaching with technology as well as how that knowledge and practice changes after participation in an educational technology course. This study used a mixed-methods sequential explanatory research design in which both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered from 82 participants. TPACK pre- and postcourse surveys were administered to a treatment group enrolled in an educational technology course and to a nonequivalent control group enrolled in a learning theories course. Additionally, pre- and postcourse lesson plans were collected from the treatment group. Select treatment group participants also participated in phone interviews. Analyses compared pre- and post-course survey response differences within and between the treatment and control groups. Pre- and postlesson plan rubric score differences were compared within the treatment group. Quantitative text analyses were performed on the collected lesson plans. Open and axial coding procedures were followed to analyze interview transcripts. The results of the study revealed five significant findings: 1) graduate students entering an educational technology course reported lower ability in constructs related to teaching with technology than in constructs related to teaching in a traditional setting; 2) TPACK was malleable and TPACK instruments were sensitive to that malleability; 3) significant gains in reported and demonstrated TPACK constructs were found after participating in an educational technology course; 4) TPACK construct ability levels vary significantly by participant characteristics; and 5) influences on teaching knowledge and practice range from internet resources, to mentor teachers, and to standardized curriculum packages. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Educational Technology 2013

abstract: To address the need of scientists and engineers in the United States workforce and ensure that students in higher education become scientifically literate, research and policy has called for improvements in undergraduate education in the sciences. One particular pathway for improving undergraduate education in the science fields is to reform undergraduate teaching. Only a limited number of studies have explored the pedagogical content knowledge of postsecondary level teachers. This study was conducted to characterize the PCK of biology faculty and explore the factors influencing their PCK. Data included semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, documents, and instructional artifacts. A qualitative inquiry was designed to conduct an in-depth investigation focusing on the PCK of six biology instructors, particularly the types of knowledge they used for teaching biology, their perceptions of teaching, and the social interactions and experiences that influenced their PCK. The findings of this study reveal that the PCK of the biology faculty included eight domains of knowledge: (1) content, (2) context, (3) learners and learning, (4) curriculum, (5) instructional strategies, (6) representations of biology, (7) assessment, and (8) building rapport with students. Three categories of faculty PCK emerged: (1) PCK as an expert explainer, (2) PCK as an instructional architect, and (3) a transitional PCK, which fell between the two prior categories. Based on the interpretations of the data, four social interactions and experiences were found to influence biology faculty PCK: (1) teaching experience, (2) models and mentors, (3) collaborations about teaching, and (4) science education research. The varying teaching perspectives of the faculty also influenced their PCK. This study shows that the PCK of biology faculty for teaching large introductory courses at large research institutions is heavily influenced by factors beyond simply years of teaching experience and expert content knowledge. Social interactions and experiences created by the institution play a significant role in developing the PCK of biology faculty. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Curriculum and Instruction 2013