Le bribri est une langue chibcha parlée au Costa Rica (Amérique Centrale). Les langues chibcha représentent la principale famille de l’Aire Intermédiaire (Constenla 1991), qui relie la Mesoamérique aux zones amazonienne et andine. Ce sont cependant toutes des langues en danger, encore relativement peu décrites.Cette thèse est une analyse de la phonologie du bribri (Schlabach 1974 ; Wilson 1974 ; Constenla 1981 ; Jara 2004), problématisée autour de ses caractéristiques typologiques :(i) Le système nasal : le bribri fait partie des rares langues du monde dans lesquelles la nasalité n’est pas distinctive pour les consonnes. Les consonnes nasales présentes dans l’output sont le résultat d’harmonies nasales (Cohn 1993 ; Walker 1998, 2001) et d’hypervoisement par abaissement du voile du palais (Iverson & Salmons 1996 ; Solé 2009). Alors que le premier processus avait en partie été décrit pour le bribri (Wilson 1970 ; Constenla 1982, 1985 ; Tohsaku 1987), le second n’avait pas encore été identifié.(ii) La consonne /tk/ : une unité distinctive, combinant deux lieux, sans pour autant être une consonne doublement articulée, contrairement à ce qui avait précédemment été décrit (Lehmann 1920 ; Schlabach 1974 ; Wilson 1974 ; Constenla 1981 ; Jara 2004). Je propose de l’analyser comme une géminée modulée (contour segment, Sagey 1990).La présente étude s’inscrit dans la lignée des travaux qui considèrent que les structures phonologiques doivent être expliquées par des contraintes phonétiques, comme les travaux précurseurs d’Ohala (1975, 1981, 1983). J’utilise plus particulièrement le modèle de la Phonologie Articulatoire (Browman & Goldstein 1986, 1989). Les analyses s’appuient sur des données acoustiques, récoltées dans deux communautés bribri entre 2012 et 2014 (Bajo Coen - Coroma et Amubre).En plus d’une démarche typologique et phonétique, j’adopte une approche dialectale et diachronique, afin de mieux appréhender le système phonologique de la langue. / Bribri is a Chibchan language spoken in Costa Rica (Central America). Chibchan languages form the main family of the Intermediate Area (Constenla 1991), which links Mesoamerica to the Amazonian and the Andean regions. All of them are endangered and are still under described.This dissertation provides an analysis of Bribri phonology (Schlabach 1974; Wilson 1974; Constenla 1981; Jara 2004) problematized according to its typological characteristics:(i) The nasal system: Bribri is among the few languages in the world to lack distinctive nasal consonants. The nasal consonants present in the output result from nasal harmony (Cohn 1993; Walker 1998, 2001) and hypervoicing through velopharyngeal opening (Iverson & Salmons 1996; Solé 2009). While the first process has been partially described for Bribri (Wilson 1970; Constenla 1982, 1985; Tohsaku 1987), the second has not been individuated in the language.(ii) The consonant /tk/: the consonant /tk/ is a distinctive unit which combines two places of articulation. Contrary to what has been previously described (Lehmann 1920; Schlabach 1974; Wilson 1974; Constenla 1981; Jara 2004), it is not a doubly articulated consonant. I propose to analyse it as a contour geminate consonant (based on the concept of contour segment, Sagey 1990).Following Ohala’s pioneering work (1975, 1981, 1983), this work is based on the assumption that phonological structures must be explained by phonetic constraints. More specifically, I use the Articulatory Phonology frame (Browman & Goldstein 1986, 1989). The analysis is based on acoustic data collected among two Bribri communities, between 2012 and 2014 (Bajo Coen - Coroma and Amubre).Along the typological and phonetic approach, I have adopted a dialectal and diachronical point of view to better capture the phonological system of the language.

Production of cartographically correct countour lines from airborne laserscanning data in flat terrain Abstract The thesis is dedicated to the creation of contour lines from the data of airborne laserscanning in flat areas. For creation of contour lines in these parts is necessary specific generalization, that smooths unwanted artifacts, but does not delete the shapes, which are characteristic for the relief. The first part of the thesis is to serve as a short insight into the areas on which it is built, this thesis: the principle of airborne laserscanning and basic information on the contour line model. On the basis of technical literature are defined the requirements for the correct representation of the contour and cartographicly presented the different types of the DEM and generalization of contours. The main aim of this work is to design an algorithm that will combine several methods of generalization of contour while maintaining altitude accuracy as well as other requirements on their cartographicly the right terms, and to test this approach in several territories. In conclusion, the results of the methods of work and its implementation critically evaluated and outlined other possible developments of this issue. Keywords hypsography, airborne laserscanning, digital cartography, contour lines,...

Driving while drowsy is a major cause behind road accidents, and exposes the driver to a much higher crash risk compared to driving while alert. Therefore, the use of assistive systems that monitor a driver’s level of vigilance and alert the fatigue driver can be significant in the prevention of accidents. This thesis introduces three different methods towards the detection of drivers’ drowsiness based on yawning measurement. All three approaches involve several steps, including the real time detection of the driver’s face, mouth and yawning. The last approach, which is the most accurate, is based on the Viola-Jones theory for face and mouth detection and the back projection theory for measuring both the rate and the amount of changes in the mouth for yawning detection. Test results demonstrate that the proposed system can efficiently measure the aforementioned parameters and detect the yawning state as a sign of a driver’s drowsiness.

This diploma thesis deals with a design and manufacture of an active print head used for 3D printing of concrete mixtures. The aim is to ensure functional parameters of the print head at a minimal mass. Extrusion of the material from the print head is ensured by a screw conveyor, shaping of the material is carry out by a rotatably mounted nozzle provided with trowels. The dimensioning of the main elements of the print head is based on the parameters measured during tests with the older version of the print head and on the FEM analysis. The print head was manufactured and is able to extrude concrete mixture with an admixture of aggregate (fraction 4–8 mm) at a rate of 0,5–2 m3•h-1. The weight of the print head is 16.4 kg, which is 30 percent less than an older print head weighed. The manufactured print head was tested during the printing of a real object and met all the required parameters. The print head is ready for implementation in a machine providing large-scale printing of parts in the construction industry.

This thesis deals with the image object detection using Contour cues. The text describes methods how to train and test object detector. The main contribution of this thesis consists in creation Feature extractor for creation object detector in Java programming. The functionality of object detector was demonstrated on medical images.

This diploma thesis aims to implement an active contour method for ultrasound image segmentation. Properties of ultrasound images, basic segmentation approaches and a~principle of choosen active contour methods are described within theoretical part. Two different groups of active contour methods exists, methods with use of gradient and without use of gradient as image feature. For comparision, one method of each group is implemented in practical part and subsequently, segmentation efficiency and properties of methods are compared in evaluation part.

Le travail présenté dans cette thèse porte principalement sur le développement de méthodes permettant d'extraire des descripteurs pertinents des images acquises des articulateurs dans les chants rares : les polyphonies traditionnelles Corses, Sardes, la musique Byzantine, ainsi que le Human Beat Box. Nous avons collecté des données, et employons des méthodes d'apprentissage statistique pour les modéliser, notamment les méthodes récentes d'apprentissage profond (Deep Learning).Nous avons étudié dans un premier temps des séquences d'images échographiques de la langue apportant des informations sur l'articulation, mais peu lisibles sans connaissance spécialisée en échographie. Nous avons développé des méthodes pour extraire de façon automatique le contour supérieur de la langue montré par les images échographiques. Nos travaux ont donné des résultats d'extraction du contour de la langue comparables à ceux obtenus dans la littérature, ce qui pourrait permettre des applications en pédagogie du chant.Ensuite, nous avons prédit l'évolution des paramètres du filtre qu'est le conduit vocal depuis des séquences d'images de langue et de lèvres, sur des bases de données constituées de voyelles isolées puis de chants traditionnels Corses. L'utilisation des paramètres du filtre du conduit vocal, combinés avec le développement d'un modèle acoustique de source vocale exploitant l'enregistrement électroglottographique, permet de synthétiser des extraits de voix chantée en utilisant les images articulatoires (de la langue et des lèvres)et l'activité glottique, avec des résultats supérieurs à ceux obtenus avec les techniques existant dans la littérature. / This thesis reports newly developed methods which can be applied to extract relevant features from articulator images in rare singing: traditional Corsican and Sardinian polyphonies, Byzantine music, as well as Human Beat Box. We collected data, and modeled these using machine learning methods, specifically novel deep learning methods. We first modelled tongue ultrasound image sequences, carrying relevant articulatory information which would otherwise be difficult to interpret without specialized skills in ultrasound imaging. We developed methods to extract automatically the superior contour of the tongue displayed on ultrasound images. Our tongue contour extraction results are comparable with those obtained in the literature, which could lead to applications in singing pedagogy. Afterwards, we predicted the evolution of the vocal tract filter parameters from sequences of tongue and lip images, first on isolated vowel databases then on traditional Corsican singing. Applying the predicted filter parameters, combined with the development of a vocal source acoustic model exploiting electroglottographic recordings, allowed us to synthesize singing voice excerpts using articulatory images (of tongue and lips) and glottal activity, with results superior to those obtained using existing technics reported in the literature.

Due to increasing demand on deployable surveillance systems in recent years, object tracking and activity recognition are receiving considerable attention in the research community. This thesis contributes to both the tracking and the activity recognition components of a surveillance system. In particular, for the tracking component, we propose two different approaches for tracking objects in video acquired by mobile cameras, each of which uses a different object shape representation. The first approach tracks the centroids of the objects in Forward Looking Infrared Imagery (FLIR) and is suitable for tracking objects that appear small in airborne video. The second approach tracks the complete contours of the objects, and is suitable for higher level vision problems, such as activity recognition, identification and classification. Using the contours tracked by the contour tracker, we propose a novel representation, called the action sketch, for recognizing human activities. Object Tracking in Airborne Imagery: Images obtained from an airborne vehicle generally appear small and can be represented by geometric shapes such as circle or rectangle. After detecting the object position in the first frame, the proposed object tracker models the intensity and the local standard deviation of the object region defined by the shape model. It then tracks the objects by computing the mean-shift vector that minimizes the distance between the kernel distribution for the hypothesized object and its prior. In cases when the ego-motion of the sensor causes the object to move more than the operational limits of the tracking module, a multi-resolution global motion compensation using the Gabor responses of consecutive frames is performed. The experiments performed on the AMCOM FLIR data set show the robustness of the proposed method, which combines automatic model update and global motion compensation into one framework. Contour Tracker: Contour tracking is performed by evolving an initial contour toward the correct object boundaries based on discriminant analysis, which is formulated as a variational calculus problem. Once the contour is initialized, the method generates an online shape model for the object along with the color and the texture priors for both the object and the background regions. A priori texture and color PDFs of the regions are then fused based on the discrimination properties of the features between the object and the background models. The models are then used to compute the posteriori contour likelihood and the evolution is obtained by the Maximum a Posteriori Estimation process, which updates the contour in the gradient ascent direction of the proposed energy functional. During occlusion, the online shape model is used to complete the missing object region. The proposed energy functional unifies commonly used boundary and region based contour approaches into a single framework through a support region defined around the hypothesized object contour. We tested the robustness of the proposed contour tracker using several real sequences and have verified qualitatively that the contours of the objects are perfectly tracked. Behavior Analysis: We propose a novel approach to represent human actions by modeling the dynamics (motion) and the structure (shape) of the objects in video. Both the motion and the shape are modeled using a compact representation, which is called the “action sketch”. An action sketch is a view invariant representation obtained by analyzing important changes that occur during the motion of the objects. When an actor performs an action in 3D, the points on the actor generate space-time trajectories in four dimensions (x, y, z,t). Projection of the world to the imaging coordinates converts the space-time trajectories into the spatiotemporal trajectories in three dimensions (x, y,t). A set of spatio-temporal trajectories constitute a 3D volume, which we call an “action volume”. This volume can be treated as a 3D object in the (x, y,t) space. The action sketch is generated from the action volume by analyzing the differential geometric surface properties, such as peaks, pits, valleys and ridges. These properties reflect the changes in the speed, the motion direction and the shape of the performing actor. We perform action recognition by computing a view invariant distance measure between the sketch generated from the input video and the set of known sketches in the database. Experimental results are provided for twenty eight actions.

Wirkungsgradsteigerungen moderner Turbomaschinen machen dort auch zukünftig verstellbare Leitschaufeln unverzichtbar. Infolge komplexer Ringraumgeometrie entstehen bei der Schaufelverstellung betriebspunktabhängige Radialspalte, welche hinsichtlich Effizienzoptimierungen eine zunehmende Rolle spielen. Die vorliegende Arbeit charakterisiert die aerodynamischen Mechanismen und das Potential von spezifischen radialen Teilspalt- und Seitenwandkonturgeometrien solcher Verstellstatoren. Anders als bei durchgehenden radialen Spalten variiert der Einfluss der Teilspalte abhängig von deren axialer Position. Ein Teilspalt im hinteren Schaufelsehnenbereich erreicht reduzierte Totaldruckverluste gegenüber einer spaltfreien Referenz- beschaufelung. Dieser Vorteil vergrößert sich mit steigender Gitterbelastung und erhöht sich nochmals im Vergleich mit Konfigurationen eines vorderen Teilspaltes. Die Ergebnisse zei- gen, dass die Position entlang der Sehne der wesentliche Ein- flussfaktor auf die Radialspaltcharakteristik ist, die Spaltlänge als auch deren radiale Variation spielen nur eine untergeordnete, quantitative Rolle. Auch die untersuchten modellhaften Seitenwandkonturen wirken sich aufgrund sekundärer geome- trischer Einflüsse positiv auf Verlust und Gitterumlenkung in der Abströmung aus. Reduzierte Abmessungen der Teilspalte schwächen auch charakteristische Periodizitäten in Verbindung mit Spaltströmung bzw. resultierendem Spaltwirbel ab. Diese Erkenntnisse erlauben aerodynamische Optimierungen der Geometrie eines spezifischen Statordesigns. Ebenso ergibt sich ein Anwendungspotential im Randbereich starrer Leitschaufeln.

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