Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1992.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1991.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1990.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1998. / Running title: Focus groups. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1990.

BACKGROUND. Given the efficacy of most contraceptive options, it is of concern that most pregnancies in the USA are unplanned. Besides reducing the woman's and family's preparedness for parenting, unplanned pregnancies are at higher risk for inadequate prenatal care, perinatal morbidity, and significant postnatal problems. Little is known about the factors responsible for the high rates of unplanned pregnancy. METHODS. One hundred ten pregnant women were surveyed to examine factors relating contraception to unplanned pregnancy. RESULTS. Sixty-five percent of pregnancies were unplanned. There was a statistically significant association between having unplanned pregnancies and being single or divorced. Women who had planned their pregnancies tended to be more satisfied with contraceptives. In sexual encounters, women with unplanned pregnancies were more likely to use no contraception or to practice 'withdrawal' or use condoms rather than hormonal contraception; to be influenced by their partner regarding birth control use; and to forget to use contraception. CONCLUSIONS. All women of childbearing age who are sexually active can benefit from planning pregnancies. Counseling that accesses a woman's expectations regarding birth control, followed by a careful explanation of the side effects of a contraception choice, may reduce the rate of unplanned pregnancy. Counseling the male partner or sexually active men in contraceptive options may be equally important. Understanding factors that result in satisfaction with contraception may reduce unplanned pregnancies.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-22T13:14:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Riva Rozenberg.pdf: 1204936 bytes, checksum: d6d9175cb2651231d8ca0a1086fe136d (MD5) license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / Este estudo analisou as práticas contraceptivas de adolescentes brasileiras e discutiu situações de vulnerabilidade associadas a essas práticas. Métodos: Estudo com delineamento do tipo transversal, com informações obtidas no banco de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher (PNDS-2006). Foram selecionadas 986 adolescentes, entre 15 e 19 anos, sexualmente ativas e que poderiam ter necessidade em contracepção. O desfecho do estudo foi o uso atual de métodos anticoncepcionais e foram analisadas variáveis relacionadas às características sócio-demográficas, da vida sexual e reprodutiva e do acesso e utilização dos serviços de saúde. Foi realizada análise bivariada entre o desfecho e cada variável independente, utilizando, como medida de efeito, as razões de prevalência, com intervalos de confiança de 95%. As associações entre as variáveis e o desfecho tiveram sua significância estatística avaliadas através de teste qui-quadrado de Pearson. Em seguida, foi feita regressão logística multivariada não condicional. O nível de significância para o modelo multivariado foi de 0,05. Os dados foram analisados através do programa SPSS-15. Resultados: A prevalência de uso de métodos anticoncepcionais foi de 78,8%. O método mais utilizado foi a camisinha masculina (51,6%), seguida pelo uso da pílula (49,2%). Na análise multivariada foram identificados quatro fatores associados ao uso atual de métodos anticoncepcionais: ter no mínimo o ensino fundamental completo (p = 0,03; ORajustado = 2,17; IC 95% 1,03 – 4,55); encontrarse em união estável (p < 0,01; ORajustado = 2,84; IC 95% 1,45 – 5,54); ter utilizado algum método anticoncepcional na primeira relação sexual (p < 0,01; ORajustado = 2,72; IC 95% 1,37 – 5,42); e ter acesso a meio de transporte para chegar ao serviço de saúde (p < 0,01; ORajustado = 2,90; IC 95% 1,32 – 6,36). Conclusão: Ao analisar os resultados desta pesquisa concluímos que, no Brasil, fatores que se associaram ao uso de métodos anticoncepcionais, como escolaridade, uso de método na 1ª relação sexual e facilidade de transporte ao serviço de saúde indicam a presença de situações de vulnerabilidade associadas às práticas contraceptivas. Tais achados alertam para a necessidade de reduzir as desigualdades sociais persistentes em nossa sociedade, bem como investir nas escolas e nos serviços de saúde, como locais privilegiados para fornecer informações e propiciar a reflexão e a tomada de decisões relacionadas à sexualidade e às práticas contraceptivas. Apontam, sobretudo,para a necessidade de sensibilização de profissionais da educação e da saúde quanto às especificidades das demandas de adolescentes, para que o acesso e a utilização dos serviços de saúde, articulados às demais políticas intersetoriais, propiciem a garantia dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, desta população. / This study examined the contraceptive practices of Brazilian adolescents and discussed situations of vulnerability associated with these practices. Methods: The study included a cross-sectional design, with information obtained from the National Demographic and Health of Children and Women Research (PNDS-2006) database. We selected 986 adolescents between 15 and 19 years, sexually active and that might have need for contraception. The study outcome was the current use of contraceptive methods and were examined variables related to socio-demographic characteristics, sexual and reproductive life and access and use of health services. Bivariate analysis was performed between the outcome and each independent variable, using, as measure of effect, the prevalence ratios, with confidence interval of 95%. The associations between variables and outcome had its statistical significance assessed using Pearson chi-square. Then, was performed non conditional multivariate logistic regression. The level of significance for the multivariate model was 0.05. Data were analyzed using SPSS-15. Results - The prevalence of contraceptive use was 78,8%. The most used method was the male condoms (51,6%), followed by the use of pill (49,2%). Multivariate analysis identified four factors associated with current use of contraceptive methods: to have, at least, completed basic education (p = 0.03, aOR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.55); to be in stable union (p < 0.01, aOR = 2.84, 95% CI 1.45 to 5.54); to have used a contraceptive method at first intercourse (p < 0.01, aOR = 2.72; 95% CI 1.37 to 5.42); and to have access to means of transportation to get to the health service (p < 0.01, aOR = 2.90, 95% CI 1.32 to 6.36). Conclusion: When analyzing the results of this study, we concluded that, in Brazil, factors associated with the use of contraceptive methods, such as education, use of method in the first intercourse and ease transportation to the health services indicate the presence of vulnerability associated contraceptive practices. These findings highlight the need to reduce persistent inequalities in our society and invest in schools and health services, as prime locations to provide information and promote reflection and decision making related to sexuality and contraceptive practices. They point, especially, to the need for awareness of professionals in education and health services to the specific demands of adolescents, so that access to and use of health services, articulated to other intersectoral policies, enable the guarantee of sexual and reproductive rights of this population.