Cette étude se propose d’analyser le système roumain de fonction publique à l’aune de l’exemple français, en partant non seulement des différences et des ressemblances qui caractérisent ces deux systèmes, mais aussi des principes traditionnels construits par les apports successifs des grands juristesdes deux États et de la jurisprudence administrative. Une analyse croisée, dont l’objectif vise non seulement à dégager les défis qui se posent à la modernisation de la jeune fonction publique roumaine postcommuniste, mais aussi à présenter certaines réflexions de nature à contribuer voire à éclaircir le positionnement des réformes de la fonction publique française, eu égard à son riche passé juridique etjurisprudentiel. En effet, la question qui se pose aujourd’hui comme hier, tant pour le système roumain que pour le système français, est de savoir si, au nom de cette modernisation qui est comprise souvent comme un rapprochement du droit du travail et des principes de New Public Management, il faut renoncer aux traditions statutaires. Il s’agirait par exemple de privilégier la contractualisation danstous les aspects du droit de la fonction publique (recrutement, déontologie, rémunération, formation ou carrière), ainsi que l’expérimentent des États comme l’Italie, l’Espagne, la Suisse ou la Suède. Le but est de contribuer à une réflexion générale sur le droit de la fonction publique qui aille au-delà du seulcas de la fonction publique roumaine, en faisant ressurgir du passé des questions scientifiques oubliées, qui semblent retrouver aujourd’hui tout leur intérêt. / This study analyses the Romanian civil service system as compared to the French system, focusing not only on their differences and similarities, but also on the traditional principles that have taken shape through case law and the continuing contributions of legal scholars from both countries. This crosscomparisonaims not only to identify the challenges faced in modernizing post-communist Romania’s relatively recent civil service system, but also to provide reflection capable of contributing to, and perhaps shedding light on, the status of the reforms of France’s civil service system, given its rich legal heritage and case law. Today, as in the past, the question remains that of whether, both in Franceand Romania, special statuses traditionally reserved for civil servants should be cast aside in order to bring this branch of the law into line with the principles of New Public Management and reconcile it with ordinary labor law. This would entail, for instance, establishing a contractual basis for every aspect of civil service law (hiring, ethics, pay, training, and career progression), in line withexperiments that have been undertaken in countries such as Italy, Spain, Switzerland, and Sweden. The aim is to contribute to the overall reflection on civil service law, beyond the specific case of the Romanian civil service, by returning forgotten avenues of reflection in legal scholarship – which nowseem more relevant than ever before – to the fore.

Cette étude se propose d’analyser le système roumain de fonction publique à l’aune de l’exemple français, en partant non seulement des différences et des ressemblances qui caractérisent ces deux systèmes, mais aussi des principes traditionnels construits par les apports successifs des grands juristesdes deux États et de la jurisprudence administrative. Une analyse croisée, dont l’objectif vise non seulement à dégager les défis qui se posent à la modernisation de la jeune fonction publique roumaine postcommuniste, mais aussi à présenter certaines réflexions de nature à contribuer voire à éclaircir le positionnement des réformes de la fonction publique française, eu égard à son riche passé juridique etjurisprudentiel. En effet, la question qui se pose aujourd’hui comme hier, tant pour le système roumain que pour le système français, est de savoir si, au nom de cette modernisation qui est comprise souvent comme un rapprochement du droit du travail et des principes de New Public Management, il faut renoncer aux traditions statutaires. Il s’agirait par exemple de privilégier la contractualisation danstous les aspects du droit de la fonction publique (recrutement, déontologie, rémunération, formation ou carrière), ainsi que l’expérimentent des États comme l’Italie, l’Espagne, la Suisse ou la Suède. Le but est de contribuer à une réflexion générale sur le droit de la fonction publique qui aille au-delà du seulcas de la fonction publique roumaine, en faisant ressurgir du passé des questions scientifiques oubliées, qui semblent retrouver aujourd’hui tout leur intérêt. / This study analyses the Romanian civil service system as compared to the French system, focusing not only on their differences and similarities, but also on the traditional principles that have taken shape through case law and the continuing contributions of legal scholars from both countries. This crosscomparisonaims not only to identify the challenges faced in modernizing post-communist Romania’s relatively recent civil service system, but also to provide reflection capable of contributing to, and perhaps shedding light on, the status of the reforms of France’s civil service system, given its rich legal heritage and case law. Today, as in the past, the question remains that of whether, both in Franceand Romania, special statuses traditionally reserved for civil servants should be cast aside in order to bring this branch of the law into line with the principles of New Public Management and reconcile it with ordinary labor law. This would entail, for instance, establishing a contractual basis for every aspect of civil service law (hiring, ethics, pay, training, and career progression), in line withexperiments that have been undertaken in countries such as Italy, Spain, Switzerland, and Sweden. The aim is to contribute to the overall reflection on civil service law, beyond the specific case of the Romanian civil service, by returning forgotten avenues of reflection in legal scholarship – which nowseem more relevant than ever before – to the fore.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cesar Barbosa Martins.pdf: 608331 bytes, checksum: 4584e50f9cd7a57b92b5627c52ad4a22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-24 / The dissertation focuses on the analysis of conditions which allow judicial review and intervention of contracts when supervening facts that cause substantial variation to the terms and conditions occur. Thus, the objective was to make an approach towards the legal requisites for contractual review and dissolution, based on principles of Brazilian Law, once the contract is distorted due to a subsequent fact. Such work required a historical study, in order to obtain the elementary premises that authorize judicial review and intervention of contracts. In this manner, among other topics, the study of the classic and origin-debated rebus sic stantibus clause was the main theoretical reference for research of the topic. Furthermore, judicial contractual review and dissolution requisites in both Brazilian and foreign legal systems were likewise studied. Without doubt, the approach towards international legal investigation was the primary source of progressive research of the possibilities of relativization of the pacta sunt servanda dogma / A presente dissertação possui o escopo central de analisar os pressupostos que possibilitam a intervenção judicial nos contratos quando este é atingido por um fato superveniente que altere, significativamente, as bases que existiam no momento da contratação. Ou seja, buscou-se pesquisar, segundo o sistema jurídico moderno, baseando-se em princípios do Direito, os requisitos necessários para a revisão ou resolução contratual quando lhe sobrevêm modificações posteriores à sua formação. Para tanto, foi necessária uma regressão histórica que serviu de fundamento para a possibilidade de intervenção judicial nos contratos. Neste ponto, foi analisada, entre outros tópicos, a velha cláusula rebus sic stantibus, de origem controversa, que, sem dúvida alguma, foi a construção teórica que mais estimulou as pesquisas acerca do tema. Foram estudados os requisitos para a aplicação da revisão ou resolução contratual decorrente de fato superveniente no nosso Direito pátrio e no estrangeiro. Este último, sem dúvida alguma, foi a grande fonte que indicou os caminhos para a concretização, entre nós, da possibilidade de relativização do dogma pacta sunt servanda