Esta tese investiga os papéis políticos assumidos pela produção e o uso de estatísticas sobre crimes e criminosos na história recente das instituições que compõem o chamado sistema de justiça criminal brasileiro (polícias Civil e Militar, Ministério Público, Poder Judiciário e Estabelecimentos Carcerários), em São Paulo. Por meio da análise de documentos e formulários de coleta de dados, defende-se que, mesmo após a redemocratização e as pressões para a estruturação de procedimentos de controle público das agências estatais de pacificação social, o segredo permanece como modus-operandi desse sistema, no qual dados são produzidos, mas não há coordenação entre produtores e usuários; entre oferta e demanda da informação. Dessa forma, não havendo consenso sobre os papéis das estatísticas criminais disponíveis, há um movimento simultâneo de crescimento dos estoques de dados gerados como subproduto da adoção de modernas ferramentas de informática, de um lado, e, paradoxalmente, há o reforço da opacidade e da “experiência” institucional das práticas burocráticas no desenho e operação de políticas públicas de pacifi cação social, de outro. O resultado alcançado reforça a manutenção dos mecanismos de reprodução de verdades profissionais e institucionais nos modelos vigentes de segurança pública e justiça criminal, garantindo a permanência e a governabilidade em relação às pressões democráticas por mudanças nos padrões de policiamento e no acesso à justiça. / This thesis investigates the political roles taken by the production and use of crime and criminal offenders statistics on the recent history of the institutions that compose the Brasilian criminal justice system (the police, prosecution, judiciary and prisons) in São Paulo. Through the analysis of documents and data collecting forms, the thesis defends that, despite the redemocratization and the (political) pressure in order to organize the public control procedures of the governmental agencies of social pacifi cation, the secret remains the modus operandi of this system, in which data is produced but there is no coordination between producers and users or supply and demand of information. Along with the lack of consensus on the roles of the available criminal statistics, there is, on the one hand, an increment of data stores resulting from the constant use of technological tools. On the other hand, the opaqueness and institucional “experience” of bureaucratic practices are reinforced in planing and managing public policies of social pacifi cation. The consequence is the maintenance of mechanisms that reproduce institutional and professional truths in the current models of public law enforcement and criminal justice and that guarantee the permanence and governmentability in relation to democratic pressure for changes in the patterns of policing and access to justice.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-136). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-136). Also available on the Internet.

Significant progress has been made in the development of wave energy converters (WECs) during recent years, with prototypes and farms of WECs being installed in different parts of the world. With increasing sizes of individual WECs and farms, it becomes necessary to consider the impacts of connecting these to the electricity network and to investigate means by which these impacts may be mitigated. The time-varying and the unpredictable nature of the power generated from wave power farms supplemented by the weak networks to which most of these farms will be connected to, makes the question of integrating a large quantity of wave power to the network more challenging. The work reported here focuses on the fluctuations in the rms-voltage introduced by the connection of wave power farms. Two means to reduce these rms-voltage fluctuations are proposed. In the first method, the physical placement of the WECs within a farm is selected prior to the development of the farm to reduce the fluctuations in the net real power generated. It is shown that spacing the WECs or the line of WECs within a farm at a distance greater than half the peak wavelength and orienting the farm at 90◦ to the dominant wave direction produces a much smoother power output. The appropriateness of the following conclusions has been tested and proven for a wave power farm developed off the Outer Hebrides, using real wave field and network data. The second method uses intelligent reactive power control algorithms, which have already been tested with wind and hydro power systems, to reduce voltage fluctuations. The application of these intelligent control methods to a 6 MW wave power farm connected to a realistic UK distribution network verified that these approaches improve the voltage profile of the distribution network and help the connection of larger farms to the network, without any need for network management or upgrades. Using these control methods ensured the connection of the wave power farm to the network for longer than when the conventional control methods are used, which is economically beneficial for the wave power farm developer. The use of such intelligent voltage - reactive power (volt/VAr) control methods with the wave power farm significantly affects the operation of other onshore voltage control devices found prior to the connection of the farm. Thus, it is essential that the control of the farm and the onshore control devices are coordinated. A voltage estimation method, which uses a one-step-ahead demand predictor, is used to sense the voltage downstream of the substation at the bus where the farm is connected. The estimator uses only measurements made at the substation and historical demand data. The estimation method is applied to identify the operating mode of a wave power farm connected to a generic 11 kV distribution network in the UK from the upstream substation. The developed method introduced an additional level of control and can be used at rural substations to optimise the operation of the network, without any new addition of measuring devices or communication means.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-165).

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T19:01:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ACF269.pdf: 5289755 bytes, checksum: a59037b5dccba70ad07aa1b499048063 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / The organization climate research is a widely used human resources tool grounded on the managerial discourse that preaches that listening to employees's opinions is relevant for the identification of corporate aspects that demand improvement. This study aims at desmistifying this discourse by means of analytical tools from the Critical Administration Studies, namely: denaturalized view of administration, detachment between intentions and performance and search for emancipation. The study is grounded on the assumption that the organizational climate research derives from functionalist theory, which benefits a dominating class, in name of productivity and for the maintenance of the status quo, therefore contributing for individual alienation at work. The study was designed to identify elements that show the relation between an organizational climate research tool and the social control over individuals in an organization - here the research conducted in 2005 by Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S/A - Eletrobrás, the Brazilian power sector holding company. The theoretical section presents an overview of corporate paradigms relevant for a sound understanding of the organizational climate concept. Data analysis was conducted by means of the post-modern method of binary deconstruction: the questions contained in the tool's questionnaire were grouped into categories and then analyzed in terms of the fallowing conceptual pairs: well-being/productivity, autonomy/control, ethics/ competitiveness and participation/alienation. The analysis showed that the organization climate research tool is used as a resource for social control and power, because it contributes to individual alienation as it satisfies some specific individual demands, therefore preventing the individual form a thorough understanding of how the system works. Besides, the helps anticipate, mitigate and conceal the conflicts arising from the opposing interests of capital and labor. / A pesquisa de clima organizacional é uma ferramenta de recursos humanos amplamente utilizada pelas organizações e fundamentada no discurso gerencial que afirma que a opinião dos empregados é muito importante para que sejam identificados os aspectos que necessitam de melhorias. O presente estudo pretende desmistificar esse discurso, utilizando para isso os parâmetros adotados nos Estudos Críticos em Administração a saber: visão desnaturalizada da administração, intenções desvinculadas de desempenho e busca de emancipação. A tese que fundamenta o presente estudo é de que a pesquisa de clima organizacional é um produto da teoria funcionalista, que trabalha a favor de uma classe dominante, em nome da produtividade, para a manutenção do status quo e que contribui para a alienação do homem no trabalho. Com base nessa tese, o objetivo do estudo foi identificar elementos que indicassem a relação entre uma ferramenta de pesquisa de clima organizacional e o controle social sobre os indivíduos em uma determinada organização. Para tanto, foi analisada a pesquisa de clima organizacional do ano de 2005 de empresa Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S/A - ELETROBRÁS. A fundamentação teórica apresenta um levantamento dos paradigmas organizacionais a fim de compreender o conceito de clima segundo a abordagem mais apropriada. Para efetuar a análise dos dados, utilizou-se uma metodologia pós-moderna de desconstrução de binários. As perguntas feitas no questionário da Pesquisa de Clima da ELETROBRÁS, agrupadas em categorias, foram analisadas à luz dos seguintes binários: bem-estar/produtividade, autonomia/controle, ética/competitividade e participação/alienação. Por meio desse estudo, foi possível concluir que a ferramenta de clima é utilizada para o exercício do controle social e funciona como técnica de poder, porque contribui para a alienação do indivíduo à medida que satisfaz pontualmente algumas demandas, impedindo a compreensão do funcionamento do sistema como um todo. Além disso, a ferramenta é um instrumento que serve para antecipar, amenizar e disfarçar os conflitos gerados por interesses antagônicos entre capital e trabalho.

L'énergie photovoltaïque est à nos jours l'une des sources intermittentes les plus développée. Plusieurs années de recherche confèrent une importante maturité à la fois aux modules et aux systèmes de extraction et traitement de son électricité. Cependant, il lui reste encore un important obstacle à franchir avant son utilisation à large échelle : la présence des ombres. Alors que plusieurs solutions ont été déjà proposées pour ce problème, la recherche sur l'ombre en tel que phénomène complexe reste embryonnaire. Cette thèse a pour but de combler ce besoin à la fois en étudiant la présence d l'ombre et en y proposant une nouvelle réponse. L'étude de l'ombre comprend la proposition d'une théorie sur l'intermittence qui prend en compte des aspect à la fois électriques et optiques. A travers de cette théorie, une relecture de la littérature est aussi proposée et donne lieu à une classification des solutions existantes en séries ou parallèles. Les solutions séries utilisent plusieurs structures d'électronique de puissance pour extraire l'énergie d'un nombre plus restreint des cellules photovoltaïques et par conséquent y confinent l'impact de l'ombre. En contre partie, les solutions parallèles utilisent des structures spéciales pour redistribuer le courant parmi les cellules ombrées et illuminées, ce qui amène à l'effacement de l'ombre. La nouvelle réponse à l'ombre proposée dans ce travail s'agit d'une structure parallèle à forte potentiel d'intégration monolithique. Inspirée de son équivalent pour les batteries, cette nouvelle topologie est applicable à plusieurs échelles mais sa commande reste un aspect à maîtriser. Son concept de base est validé au niveau d'un seul module photovoltaïque par la création d'un prototype et une validation expérimentale. Sa commande y est ensuite développée, testée et validée. Le système est capable de détecter la présence de l'ombre, choisir la meilleure stratégie pour la mitiger et l'implémenter en toute autonomie. Le résultat final est une augmentation de la puissance de sortie d'environ 40% dans certains cas. / Photovoltaic energy rates among the most mature renewable sources currently available in the market. However, its growing use in urban environment has met with an important obstacle: shadows. Their study present a two-fold challenge: understanding what they are and how they can be mitigated. While many authors have proposed different solutions for this problem, very few have tried to understand the shadow in its complexity. This thesis seeks, at the same time, a comprehensive view on the shadow itself while proposing a new solution to mitigate it. The comprehensive view of the shadow is proposed through an intermittency theory, where its optical properties and electrical consequences are taken into account. This theory provides the elements to review the current literature into a new perspective. The available solutions are, then, divided into two families: series and parallel. Series solutions employ several structures, each extracting the power of a reduced number of photovoltaic cells. As a consequence the impact of the shadow is restricted. Parallel solutions use few structures to redistribute the current between shaded and unshaded photovoltaic cells, thus sharing the impact of the shadow. The new solution proposed to mitigate the shadow is a parallel system called PV Equalizer. Inspired from its battery equivalent, it has a different topology with a high integration potential, easily scalable but seemingly difficult to control. To prove its concept, a study is conducted to determine its functions. It is found to be capable of not only mitigating but also detecting the shadow. These functions are characterized and their results used to conceive a control algorithm. Finally, this algorithm is tested and validated in a prototype under real operating conditions. The system detected the presence of the shadow, chose the best way to mitigate it and raised the power output by roughly 40 %.

The masters thesis was focused on design and realization power converter which should worked as welding machine. It was necessary choose suitable type converter. Next, it was needs design of pulsed transformer, output filter choke and design of semiconductors which were in power part welding machine. It was also designed control and driver circuits. This parts which were used on construct the converter were made and tested too.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:32:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Aurea Santiago Beltrao.pdf: 926958 bytes, checksum: c457eb59f4f5fac0bd0a2edeb3a9d01e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-27 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This thesis aims at examining the use of the budget as an instrument of exercising power and identify within the typology proposed by Galbraith (1986) as forms of power are being used in budgetary control in the company ISS TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OFF ENERGY. As specific objectives, this study seeks to identify among these variables that related to the budget, linking variables with Galbraith's typology (1986), identifying the sources of power prevalent in the organization and the perception of the actors involved in the budgeting process in relation to the exercise power used by the organization. Was established three propositions the first aimed to identify whether the budget control is used on the ISS as a tool for exercising power, the second to verify that the three ways of exercising power typified by Galbraith (1986) namely: Condign Power, Compensatory Power and Conditioned Power coexist in the budget control of the ISS and the third proposition that the Power Compensatory is the power that prevails in the budgetary control of the ISS. The research methodology adopted was the single case study with the use of questionnaire, interview and direct observation. The questionnaires were completed by 45 employees, interviews were conducted with five managers directly linked to the budget and direct observation by the researcher. The study findings show that the predominant power, the power was conditioned with 41% of total variance explained, the second of found is the Compensatory Power with 19% total variance explained, the Condign Power have 7% total variance explained and also coexists in ISS. The results have limitations as the inability to generalize the results because it is a research based on a single case study, so that the results are relevant only to the organization in question. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo, analisar o uso do orçamento como instrumento de exercício de poder e identificar, dentro da tipologia proposta por Galbraith (1986) como as formas de poder estão sendo utilizadas no controle orçamentário na empresa ISS TRANSMISSÃO E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ENERGIA. Como objetivos específicos, este estudo busca identificar dentre as ínumeras variáveis aquelas relacionadas ao orçamento,relacionando as variáveis com a tipologia proposta por Galbraith (1986), identificando as fontes de poder predominantes na organização e a percepção dos atores envolvidos no processo orçamentário em relação as formas de exercício de poder utilizadas pela organização. Foram estabelecidas três proposições: a primeira com o objetivo de identificar se o controle orçamentário é utilizado na ISS como um instrumento para o exercício de poder; a segunda para verificar se as três formas de exercício de poder tipificadas por Galbraith (1986) a saber: o poder condigno, o poder compensatório e o poder condicionado, coexistem no controle orçamentário da ISS; e a terceira proposição tem o objetivo de verificar se o poder compensatório é a forma de poder que predomina no controle orçamentário da ISS. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada foi o estudo de caso único com a aplicação de questionário, totalizando 18 questões, os dados foram tratados através das entrevistas, observação direta e da análise fatorial. Os questionários foram respondidos por 45 funcionários, as entrevistas foram realizadas com 5 gestores diretamente ligado ao orçamento e a observação direta realizada pelo pesquisador. Os achados do estudo evidenciam que o poder predominante, é o poder condicionado ao contrário do que se esperava com 41 % da variância total explicada e com a maior carga de fatores significativas, a segunda fonte de poder encontrada é o poder compensatório com 19 % variância total explicada e o poder condigno com 7 % variância total explicada também coexiste na ISS. Os resultados encontrados apresentam limitações quanto a impossibilidade de generalização dos resultados obtidos, pois trata-se de uma pesquisa baseada em um estudo de caso único, fazendo com que os resultados encontrados sejam relevantes somente para a empresa em questão.

During development of control systems for power electronic systems, it is desirable to test the controller in real-time, by interfacing it with an emulator device. In this context, this work comprises the development of an emulator that can model accurately the dynamics of high speed power electronic systems and provides interfaces that are compatible with the real hardware. The realtime state calculations, based on discrete models, were performed on custom logic, implemented on an FPGA. The realized system allows to emulate Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) systems, achieving sampling rates up to 12MHz using a low cost Xilinx FPGA. As a result, power electronic systems with very high switching frequencies can be modeled. In addition, the FPGA incorporates a soft-core processor that allows a designer to easily re-configure the system model through software. The emulator system has been validated for a multiphase DC-DC converter, by comparing its results with the real hardware setup.