Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:53:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1405745 bytes, checksum: 8c9ae330c0df183874bc22b3154133cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Countries in development and developed countries are discussing the production of bio combustibles as a way to replace petroleum products both in the context of sustainability and in the domain of economics. Accordingly, this dissertation sought to investigate how the production management of the mini plants of oil extraction and bio-diesel production, based on family farms, is monitoring its processes and contributing to the company's performance in study, especially considering the issues related to the Planning and Control of the Production (PCP). In this work, outlined in the form of case study, additionally has been carried out a bibliographic search in the production management domain. As study tools, they were used the direct observation, the unstructured interview with technicians and the documental research. Therefore, these field activities allowed a better knowledge about the production management of those mini plants. The results of this research indicated that this management could be more effective if it had additional resources regarding finances and raw materials. In addition, ganging up these results with the direct observations and technical information about production, it is concluded that the production management in the mini power plant is inefficient, requiring an appropriate system of PCP to allow a greater productivity. / Países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento vêm discutindo a produção de biocombustíveis como forma de substituir os derivados do petróleo tanto no contexto da sustentabilidade quanto no domínio da economia. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação buscou investigar como a gestão da produção em mini usinas de extração de óleo e produção de biodiesel, com base na agricultura familiar, está monitorando seus processos e contribuindo para o desempenho da empresa em estudo, considerando especialmente as questões relacionadas ao planejamento e controle da produção (PCP). Neste trabalho, delineado na forma de estudo de caso, foi realizada adicionalmente uma pesquisa bibliográfica na área de gestão da produção. Como ferramentas de estudo, foram utilizadas a observação direta, a entrevista não estruturada com os técnicos e a pesquisa documental. Por conseguinte, essas atividades de campo permitiram um melhor conhecimento sobre a gestão da produção daquelas mini usinas. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicaram que essa gestão poderia ser mais eficaz caso dispusesse de recursos suplementares em matéria de finanças e de matéria prima. Além disso, agrupandose esses resultados com as observações diretas e com as informações técnicas de produção, concluiu-se que a gestão da produção na mini usina é ineficaz, necessitando de um sistema de (PCP) apropriado, para a obtenção de uma maior produtividade.

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Wind energy is on an upswing due to climate concerns and increasing energy demands on conventional sources. Wind energy is attractive and has the potential to dramatically reduce the dependency on non-renewable energy resources. With the increase in wind farms there is a need to improve the efficiency in power allocation and power generation among wind turbines. Wake interferences among wind turbines can lower the overall efficiency considerably, while offshore conditions pose increased loading on wind turbines. In wind farms, wind turbines* wake affects each other depending on their positions and operation modes. Therefore it becomes essential to optimize the wind farm power production as a whole than to just focus on individual wind turbines. The work presented here develops a hierarchical power optimization algorithm for wind farms. The algorithm includes a cooperative level (or higher level) and an individual level (or lower level) for power coordination and planning in a wind farm. The higher level scheme formulates and solves a quadratic constrained programming problem to allocate power to wind turbines in the farm while considering the aerodynamic effect of the wake interaction among the turbines and the power generation capabilities of the wind turbines. In the lower level, optimization algorithm is based on a leader-follower structure driven by the local pursuit strategy. The local pursuit strategy connects the cooperative level power allocation and the individual level power generation in a leader-follower arrangement. The leader, could be a virtual entity and dictates the overall objective, while the followers are real wind turbines considering realistic constraints, such as tower deflection limits. A nonlinear wind turbine dynamics model is adopted for the low level study with loading and other constraints considered in the optimization. The stability of the algorithm in the low level is analyzed for the wind turbine angular velocity. Simulations are used to show the advantages of the method such as the ability to handle non-square input matrix, non-homogenous dynamics, and scalability in computational cost with rise in the number of wind turbines in the wind farm.

As an attempt to steer away from developing an autonomous robot with complex centralised intelligence, this thesis proposes an intelligent environment infrastructure where intelligences are distributed in the environment through collaborative vision sensors mounted in a physical architecture, forming a wireless sensor network, to enable the navigation of unintelligent robots within that physical architecture. The aim is to avoid the bottleneck of centralised robot intelligence that hinders the application and exploitation of autonomous robot. A bio-mimetic snake algorithm is proposed to coordinate the distributed vision sensors for the generation of a collision free Reference-snake (R-snake) path during the path planning process. By following the R-snake path, a novel Accompanied snake (A-snake) method that complies with the robot's nonholonomic constraints for trajectory generation and motion control is introduced to generate real time robot motion commands to navigate the robot from its current position to the target position. A rolling window optimisation mechanism subject to control input saturation constraints is carried out for time-optimal control along the A-snake. A comprehensive simulation software and a practical distributed intelligent environment with vision sensors mounted on a building ceiling are developed. All the algorithms proposed in this thesis are first verified by the simulation and then implemented in the practical intelligent environment. A model car with less on-board intelligence is successfully controlled by the distributed vision sensors and demonstrated superior mobility.

Die Anforderungen des Marktes in Bezug auf Flexibilität und Geschwindigkeit, welchen sich Produktionsunternehmen stellen müssen, nehmen immer weiter zu. Die Kunden wollen in jeder Hinsicht individuell bedient werden. Sie wollen das Produkt nach ihren Vorstellungen konfigurieren können, es in kurzer Zeit zur Verfügung gestellt bekommen und trotzdem bei Bedarf individuelle Änderungen integrieren können. Aus diesem Grund muss ein Produktionsunternehmen sowohl in der Planungs- als auch in der Ausführungsphase flexibel auf Änderungen, die vom Kunden ausgelöst werden oder durch interne Ereignisse erforderlich sind, reagieren können. Studien unter produzierenden Unternehmen haben gezeigt, dass im Fall der Notwendigkeit nachträglicher Änderungen das Produktionsplanungs- und steuerungssystem oft nicht miteinbezogen wird, insbesondere dann, wenn die Änderungen sehr prozessnah stattfinden. Da Änderungen jedoch heutzutage keine Seltenheit mehr sind, führt dies dazu, dass die im System gehaltenen Daten häufig von dem tatsächlichen Produkti-onsablauf abweichen. Eine im Rahmen der Arbeit durchgeführte Analyse führender ERP-Systeme und MES hat gezeigt, dass dieses Problem auf Systemunzulänglichkeiten zurückzuführen ist. Auf Basis der Systemuntersuchung schlägt die Arbeit deshalb ein Konzept für ein flexibles Produktionspla-nungs- und -steuerungssystem vor: das PPS II-System. Dieses System soll gewährleisten, dass nachträgliche Änderungen, die durch interne oder externe Ereignisse ausgelöst werden, in die Produktionsplanung integriert werden können. Die Architektur des PPS II-Systems basiert auf der Idee, die starre Trennung zwischen den Planungs- und Steuerungssystemen der Fertigung aufzulösen. Um dies zu gewährleisten, besteht das PPS II-System aus lose gekoppelten Services, deren Zusammenwirken das Verhalten des Systems beschreibt. Die Funktionalität des PPS II-Systems orientiert sich am Konzept der prozessnahen Gestaltungsentscheidung, welches die Ausführungszeit, die zu verwendenden Materialien und die einzusetzenden Ressourcen auf Basis verschiedener Abstraktionen erst unmittelbar vor Produktionsbeginn bestimmt. Eine umfangreiche theoretische und praktische Evaluierung bestätigt, dass das PPS II-System auf diese Weise sehr flexibel auf Änderungen reagieren kann. / Today, production companies face big challenges, in particular with regards to flexibility and speed. Their customers want to be served individually in every respect. They want to configure the product individually and receive it as fast as possible. However, they also want to be able to integrate late changes. For this reason, a production company must be able to react to changes in the planning phase as well as in the production phase in a very flexible way. Such changes might be initiated by the customers or they might be necessary due to internal events. Surveys, which analyzed the processes of production companies, have revealed that their production planning and control systems are often not involved if late changes are necessary. This is particularly true, if the changes occur shortly before the production starts. Therefore, system data deviate from the real production procedure often already in the planning phase. An analysis of leading ERP systems and MES carried out in this thesis has shown that the reason for the problems is the limited flexibility of these systems. On the basis of the analysis, this thesis proposes a new concept for a flexible production and control system: the PPC II system. This system should ensure that late changes triggered by internal or external events can be integrated in the production schedule. The architecture of the PPC II system is based on the idea to eliminate the separation between the planning system and the control system. To reach this goal, the system consists of loosely coupled services that are flexibly orches-trated to control production processes. The PPC II system realizes the concept of late order freeze. Process-relevant decisions for the execution time, the used materials, and the resources are made shortly before production starts. A comprehensive theoretical and practical evaluation verifies that the PPC II system is able to react flexible to changes.

En nuestro país se viene impulsando la ejecución de obras viales y de saneamiento, debido a la falta de infraestructura a nivel nacional. Ambos sectores se encuentran en prioridad de la inversión nacional, ya que fortalecen el crecimiento económico del país. Estas obras tienen cierta similitud, ya que debido a su extensión ambas son de carácter lineal y continuo. Sin embargo, la productividad de este tipo de proyectos presenta algunas deficiencias, debido al tipo de método de planificación y control. En países de Europa se emplean los métodos de programación lineal que han demostrado obtener buenos resultados. Entonces, se deben conocer y aplicar técnicas que busquen ponderar el trabajo productivo a través de métodos eficientes. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar una guía de aplicación del Linear Schedule Method durante el proceso de control en proyectos de carreteras y saneamiento en el Perú. Para optimizar este método hemos implementado el uso del Last Planner System y la Gestión del Valor Ganado. Se ha desarrollado el método en 2 proyectos lineales para identificar sus beneficios y así realizar una guía optimizada. En un tercer proyecto se aplicó la guía, la cual nos ayudó a aumentar la confiabilidad de la planificación y control, viéndose reflejada en su productividad ante otros métodos de control de proyectos lineales. / In our country, the execution of road and sanitation works is being promoted due to the lack of infrastructure at national level. Both sectors are priority of the national investment, as they strengthen the country's economic growth. These works have certain similarity; due to their extension, both of them are linear and continuous. However, the productivity of this type of projects present some deficiencies due to the type of planning and control method. For example, in some Europe countries are in practiced methods of linear programming that have proven to be successful. Therefore, it is important to know and apply techniques that seek to weigh productive work through methods efficient. The objective of this study is to develop an application guide for the linear programming method during the control process in highways and sanitation projects in Peru. To optimize this method, we have to implement the use of the Last Planner System and the Management of the earned value. The method has been developed in two linear projects to identify their benefits and thus make an optimized guide. In a third project, the guide was applied which it help us to increase the reliability of planning and control, being reflected in its productivity compared to other methods of controlling linear projects. / Tesis

Tato práce popisuje konstrukci skenovacího systému pro tvorbu trojrozměrných modelů. Kombinace laserového scanneru a robotického manipulátoru tvoří velice flexibilní zařízení schopné snímat jak velké, tak malé a detailní objekty. Zařízení nachází uplatnění v mnoha aplikacích, zejména v lékařství, kde přináší řadu nesporných výhod proti stávajícím systémům. Práce popisuje mechanickou konstrukci zařízení, funkční principy a jeho kalibrační proceduru. Součástí práce je i software pro vizualizaci naměřených dat a jejich zpracování do podoby modelů se stínovaným povrchem. Výsledkem práce je funkční zařízení a rozsáhlý obslužný software.