published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

Thesis (MCUR)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has a proud history of a high standard of health care delivery in State funded hospitals. This implies that high standards of education and care in both medical and nursing training have been achieved. The care of sick and premature newborn infants by nurses is a speciality that has evolved worldwide over the last forty years as a result of various technological developments. In order to ensure the standard of care delivered, protocols of care should be available for nurses to refer to and to measure their work against. There were no protocols of care available in the two Neonatal Units (NICUs) used in this study. Using a non-experimental, exploratory descriptive design, the researcher set about measuring the quality of nursing care in the NICUs. Standards (structure, process and outcome) were written by the researcher, and validated. The results showed that the standards were not met at an acceptable level in various areas. One of the areas of great concern was the lack of effective hand washing. Outcome standards which reflect the consequences of care indicated serious shortages of staff in some cases and insufficient staff training. Recommendations are that a Quality Assurance Program should be introduced with training and education of the nurses working in the NICUs and the introduction of evidencebased practice. Future research should aim at showing the way to improve the service delivered. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika het ‘n trotse geskiedenis van ‘n hoë standard van gesondheidsorgdienslewering in Staatsbefondsde hospitale. Dit impliseer dat hoë standaarde in mediese en verpleegopleiding bereik is. Die versorging van siek en premature pasgebore babas deur verpleegkundiges is ‘n spesialiteit wat oor die afgelope veertig jaar wêreldwyd ontwikkel het as gevolg van verskeie tegnologiese ontwikkelings. Ten einde te verseker dat ‘n hoë standard van sorg gelewer word, moet protokolle beskikbaar wees vir verpleegkundiges om te gebruik en hulle werkverrigting teen te meet. Daar was geen protokolle beskikbaar in die twee neonatale eenhede wat in hierdie studie gebruik is nie. ‘n Nie-eksperimentele, verkennende, beskrywende ontwerp is deur die navorser gebruik om die gehalte van verpleegsorg in die neonatale eenhede te evalueer. Standaarde (struktuur, proses en uitkoms) is deur die navorser opgestel en gevalideer. Die resultate toon aan dat die standaarde in verskeie areas nie aanvaarbaar nagekom word nie. ‘n Kommerwekkende bevinding was die afwesigheid van effektiewe was van hande. Uitkomsstandaarde wat die resultaat van sorg weerspieël, het aangedui dat daar ernstige tekorte aan personeel in sommige gevalle bestaan het asook onvoldoende opleiding van personeel. Aanbevelings is dat ‘n Gehalteversekeringsprogram ingestel behoort te word en met die opleiding van verpleegkundiges werksaam in die neonatale eenhede en evidence-based practice aangespreek moet word. Toekomstige navorsing behoort aan te dui hoe om die diens wat gelewer word, te verbeter.

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes diabéticos têm maior risco de eventos coronários quando submetidos a implante de stent, refletindo, provavelmente, uma resposta pró-inflamatória. OBJETIVOS: Caracterizar a resposta inflamatória a stent coronário em portadores de angina estável, com e sem diabetes. METODOLOGIA: Amostras sangüíneas foram obtidas de 41 pacientes diabéticos e 46 não diabéticos, antes, 24h, 48h e 4 semanas após o implante eletivo de stent coronário. Todos os pacientes usaram clopidogrel e os procedimentos obtiveram sucesso. Foram mensurados a proteína C-reativa (PCR) por nefelometria, a P-selectina solúvel (s) e a molécula de adesão intercelular-1 solúvel (sICAM-1) através da técnica ELISA. RESULTADOS: Diabéticos e não diabéticos apresentaram, respectivamente, concentração préprocedimento de PCR 5,2 ± 7,3 e 7,1 ± 12.1 mg/L, com p=0,74. A sP-selectina variou entre os diabéticos de 136,7 ± 75,5, e entre os não diabéticos de 111,1 ± 61,2 ng/ml, com p=0.09. ICAM-1 variou de 149,7 ± 56,1 e 143,2 ± 40,4 ng/mL, p=0,62. Após o procedimento os níveis de PCR aumentaram significativamente para ambos, diabéticos ou não, com pico às 48h: 13,0 ± 10,8 e 14,0 ± 11,4 mg/L, respectivamente (p= 0,001 vs níveis pré-procedimento). Em relação à sPselectina, diabéticos e não diabéticos apresentaram marcada redução : 114,2 ± 70ng/mL (p=0,03) e 87,7 ± 39,3 ng/mL (p=0,02), respectivamente. Contudo, apenas os diabéticos mantiveram por 48h essa redução. Os níveis de sICAM-1 diminuíram significativamente apenas entre os diabéticos, 48h após o procedimento (redução de 7,7%, p=0,01 vs níveis pré-procedimento). Análise de regressão logística multivariável não mostrou associação entre os marcadores estudados e eventos adversos após um ano de seguimento entre pacientes diabéticos. Por outro lado, níveis de sICAM-1, pré e pós procedimento, para todos os pacientes, estiveram associados com a presença de eventos após um ano: necessidade de nova intervenção (5 pacientes), revascularização cirúrgica (3 pacientes), óbito (1 paciente), infarto agudo do miocárdio (1 paciente) e acidente vascular cerebral (2 pacientes). CONCLUSÃO: Diabéticos e não diabéticos apresentaram elevação nos níveis de marcadores inflamatórios mesmo antes da intervenção. Este achado confirma a presença de um estado inflamatório sistêmico em pacientes com doença coronária estável, quer sejam diabéticos ou não. Todavia, nenhuma diferença marcante na resposta inflamatória após o procedimento ocorreu entre diabéticos e não diabéticos. Ainda mais, sICAM-1 foi um preditor independente de resultados adversos após um ano de stent coronário eletivo para todos os pacientes / Patients with diabetes are at increased risk for adverse events after coronary stenting, perhaps reflecting a proinflammatory response. AIM: Characterize the inflammatory response to coronary stenting in stable angina patients with and without diabetes. METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from diabetic (n=41) and nondiabetic (n=46) patients before and 24 hours, 48 hours and 4 weeks after elective stenting. All patients were on clopidogrel and underwent successful procedures. C-reactive protein (CRP, by nepholometry), soluble (s) P-selectin (ELISA) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1 (ELISA) were determined. Results: Diabetic and nondiabetic patients presented enhanced and comparable preprocedural concentrations, respectively, of CRP as 5.2±7.3 and 7.1±12.1 mg/L, p=0.74; sP-selectin as 136.7±75.5 and 111.1±61.2 ng/mL, p=0.09; and, sICAM-1 as 149.7±56.1 and 143.2±40.4 ng/mL, p=0.62. CRP levels increased significantly after stenting for both sets of patients, with peak levels at 48 hours: 13.0±10.8 and 14.0±11.4 mg/L, respectively (p=0.001 vs preprocedural levels). Following 24 hours the procedure, diabetic and nondiabetic patients presented marked reductions of sP-selectin levels: 114.2±70 ng/mL (p=0.03) and 87.7±39.3 ng/mL (p=0.02), respectively. However, only diabetic patients had this reduction persist up to 48 hours. Soluble ICAM-1 levels decreased significantly only among diabetic patients after 48 hours of the procedure (7.7% reduction, p=0.01 vs preprocedural levels). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, no association was found between the inflammation markers studied and one-year adverse events among diabetic patients. Nevertheless, for all patients, preprocedural and postprocedural levels of sICAM-1 had a marked association with major adverse cardiac events after a one-year follow-up (n=14, p< 0,05), such as new PTCA (5 patients), cardiac revascularization (3 pacientes), death (1 patient), AMI (1 patient) and cerebral vascular accident (2 patients). CONCLUSIONS: Before undergoing elective coronary stenting, diabetic and nondiabetic patients present increased levels of inflammatory markers. This evidence confirms the presence of systemic inflammation in stable coronary artery disease patients - regardless if the patient has diabetes or not. However, no major difference in postprocedural inflammatory response occurred between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. In addition, for all patients, sICAM-1 was an independent predictor of adverse outcomes after one year of elective coronary stenting

王麗佳. / "2013年8月". / "2013 nian 8 yue". / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 297-310). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Wang Lijia.

After 30 years' market reforms and exported-oriented industrialization, China has created an economic miracle by playing the role of a world factory. With a case study of a high-tech electronics manufacturing firm (anonymously referred as HiTek) in Suzhou, this dissertation explores the labor process and labor relations in advanced manufacturing under the global production system and in the context of China's industrial upgrading. / In my empirical analysis, I firstly trace how global production network changes the production process and unravel the mutual influences between the labor market with local clustering and the employers' recruitment strategies. I take them as the key background factors in the shaping of the politics of flexible production. Then, I use the case study of HiTek and analyze how it implements the customized mass production with high performance and high flexibility on the shop floor in the face of volatile product markets and labor market. I point out that in order to secure the subordination and better cooperation from its workers, HiTeck gives up the direct coercive despotic factory regime and executes the flexible despotism combining with enforcing strict disciplinary management, responding to workers' interests and rights, and even establishing the internal communication mechanisms. However, I indicate that although workers obtain more legal rights, they fail to effectively improve their labor conditions under the new labor control. In the meantime, the social status of migrant workers restricts their claims for social benefits and enhances their mobility. As a result, workers have to voice and seek to make use labor market opportunities for improving their conditions. Finally, I stress that the consequence of the interaction between the global flexible production and the workers' resistance against labor control leads to the uncertain employment relationship characterized by the high turnover of workers. I also emphasize that it is Chinese workers who finally pay high costs for such a relationship: they not only fail to enhance bargaining powers with their employers, but also suffer from an insecure and uncertain environment. / The dissertation develops an analytical framework of the politics of flexible production in the age of the globalizing production. My theoretical discussion begins with the theory of production politics developed by Michael Burawoy. I emphasize that labor process should be examined not only within the workplace, but also in relation to external societal factors. I argue that the pursuit of flexibility of global production changes the structuring of labor process: the external markets are not static conditions to manufacturers, but are now becoming dynamic factors shaping production arrangements and labor control. Hence, I indicate that flexible production has brought about a sophisticated triangular relationship between the buyers from developed countries, the transnational manufacturers in newly industrialized countries, and the workers in developing countries, particularly in China. This is quite different from the previous studies wherein the focus is placed on a simple dual relationship between manufactures and workers within a single country. / 薛紅. / Adviser: Tai-Lok Lui. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-10, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-215). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Xue Hong.

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes diabéticos têm maior risco de eventos coronários quando submetidos a implante de stent, refletindo, provavelmente, uma resposta pró-inflamatória. OBJETIVOS: Caracterizar a resposta inflamatória a stent coronário em portadores de angina estável, com e sem diabetes. METODOLOGIA: Amostras sangüíneas foram obtidas de 41 pacientes diabéticos e 46 não diabéticos, antes, 24h, 48h e 4 semanas após o implante eletivo de stent coronário. Todos os pacientes usaram clopidogrel e os procedimentos obtiveram sucesso. Foram mensurados a proteína C-reativa (PCR) por nefelometria, a P-selectina solúvel (s) e a molécula de adesão intercelular-1 solúvel (sICAM-1) através da técnica ELISA. RESULTADOS: Diabéticos e não diabéticos apresentaram, respectivamente, concentração préprocedimento de PCR 5,2 ± 7,3 e 7,1 ± 12.1 mg/L, com p=0,74. A sP-selectina variou entre os diabéticos de 136,7 ± 75,5, e entre os não diabéticos de 111,1 ± 61,2 ng/ml, com p=0.09. ICAM-1 variou de 149,7 ± 56,1 e 143,2 ± 40,4 ng/mL, p=0,62. Após o procedimento os níveis de PCR aumentaram significativamente para ambos, diabéticos ou não, com pico às 48h: 13,0 ± 10,8 e 14,0 ± 11,4 mg/L, respectivamente (p= 0,001 vs níveis pré-procedimento). Em relação à sPselectina, diabéticos e não diabéticos apresentaram marcada redução : 114,2 ± 70ng/mL (p=0,03) e 87,7 ± 39,3 ng/mL (p=0,02), respectivamente. Contudo, apenas os diabéticos mantiveram por 48h essa redução. Os níveis de sICAM-1 diminuíram significativamente apenas entre os diabéticos, 48h após o procedimento (redução de 7,7%, p=0,01 vs níveis pré-procedimento). Análise de regressão logística multivariável não mostrou associação entre os marcadores estudados e eventos adversos após um ano de seguimento entre pacientes diabéticos. Por outro lado, níveis de sICAM-1, pré e pós procedimento, para todos os pacientes, estiveram associados com a presença de eventos após um ano: necessidade de nova intervenção (5 pacientes), revascularização cirúrgica (3 pacientes), óbito (1 paciente), infarto agudo do miocárdio (1 paciente) e acidente vascular cerebral (2 pacientes). CONCLUSÃO: Diabéticos e não diabéticos apresentaram elevação nos níveis de marcadores inflamatórios mesmo antes da intervenção. Este achado confirma a presença de um estado inflamatório sistêmico em pacientes com doença coronária estável, quer sejam diabéticos ou não. Todavia, nenhuma diferença marcante na resposta inflamatória após o procedimento ocorreu entre diabéticos e não diabéticos. Ainda mais, sICAM-1 foi um preditor independente de resultados adversos após um ano de stent coronário eletivo para todos os pacientes / Patients with diabetes are at increased risk for adverse events after coronary stenting, perhaps reflecting a proinflammatory response. AIM: Characterize the inflammatory response to coronary stenting in stable angina patients with and without diabetes. METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from diabetic (n=41) and nondiabetic (n=46) patients before and 24 hours, 48 hours and 4 weeks after elective stenting. All patients were on clopidogrel and underwent successful procedures. C-reactive protein (CRP, by nepholometry), soluble (s) P-selectin (ELISA) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1 (ELISA) were determined. Results: Diabetic and nondiabetic patients presented enhanced and comparable preprocedural concentrations, respectively, of CRP as 5.2±7.3 and 7.1±12.1 mg/L, p=0.74; sP-selectin as 136.7±75.5 and 111.1±61.2 ng/mL, p=0.09; and, sICAM-1 as 149.7±56.1 and 143.2±40.4 ng/mL, p=0.62. CRP levels increased significantly after stenting for both sets of patients, with peak levels at 48 hours: 13.0±10.8 and 14.0±11.4 mg/L, respectively (p=0.001 vs preprocedural levels). Following 24 hours the procedure, diabetic and nondiabetic patients presented marked reductions of sP-selectin levels: 114.2±70 ng/mL (p=0.03) and 87.7±39.3 ng/mL (p=0.02), respectively. However, only diabetic patients had this reduction persist up to 48 hours. Soluble ICAM-1 levels decreased significantly only among diabetic patients after 48 hours of the procedure (7.7% reduction, p=0.01 vs preprocedural levels). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, no association was found between the inflammation markers studied and one-year adverse events among diabetic patients. Nevertheless, for all patients, preprocedural and postprocedural levels of sICAM-1 had a marked association with major adverse cardiac events after a one-year follow-up (n=14, p< 0,05), such as new PTCA (5 patients), cardiac revascularization (3 pacientes), death (1 patient), AMI (1 patient) and cerebral vascular accident (2 patients). CONCLUSIONS: Before undergoing elective coronary stenting, diabetic and nondiabetic patients present increased levels of inflammatory markers. This evidence confirms the presence of systemic inflammation in stable coronary artery disease patients - regardless if the patient has diabetes or not. However, no major difference in postprocedural inflammatory response occurred between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. In addition, for all patients, sICAM-1 was an independent predictor of adverse outcomes after one year of elective coronary stenting

问责已经成为教育改革与研究的关键词。无论是西方还是中国，都把建立问责机制视作提高教育质量的重要举措。从教育问责的社会基础出发，国家是公共教育的主要资助者或协调者，他们通过教育视导来保证公共教育质量。但是教育视导人员在当下教育质量保障系统中发挥何种作用，其能动性与职业承诺如何，尚未有充分的研究。中国大陆的教研室作为地方教学质量保障机制，表现出双栖性的职能：教育问责和教师发展。身处其中的教研员如何诠释角色？他们与政府的关系如何，在多大程度上能致力于教师发展？身份建构理论有助于回答上述问题。故本研究以形态衍生理论为视角，选取H市教研员为个案，探讨其在教育质量保障体系中的角色、身份与能动性。 / 本项质性研究主要通过访谈、观察和文件收集获取资料。共计访谈教研员30名，教育行政领导3名，教师9人。研究者还参与了教研员的集体会议、听评课、教研组展示等活动，观察、记录了教研员的日常工作；并收集了教研员的工作计划，工作简报，教研室内部杂志等文献资料。在转录完所有资料后，利用Nvivo8软件进行编码、解码，建立群组、抽取概念，最终形成论文。研究发现如下： / 首先，监督、管理、指导、研究是教研员角色的主要组成部分。在公共教育发展的不同阶段，他们的角色应行政之要求会进行重新排列、组合，内涵也所有发展。其中，来源于优秀教师的教学质量保障人员最先发展起来的是指导职能，因其依附在教育视导系统内部，遂产生了行政权威。1949年之后，这类人员从教育视导系统中独立出来，被称之为教研员，享有行政编制；1990年之后，教研员逐渐从行政编制中退出，教学管理职能未褪，故行政权威犹存。课改背景之下，H市教研员的“研究、“评价职能被强调。但是通过对教研员的工作节奏、角色比喻的分析，发现结构并没有为发展教研员的“教学研究能力提供支持性条件。故行政干预成为教研员角色异化的重要原因。 / 其次，在课程改革背景下，教研员的社会身份表现出问责导向的特征。因个人关注的介入，在个体层面，教研员的身份建构可进一步区分为四种类型。身份建构表现为结构关注的教研员，实践中以完成各类“课题研究和“项目研究为重任，并从中获得价值认可，对自我的判断是“做研究的人。身份建构表现为结构关注为主，个人关注为辅的教研员，认为最重要的工作应该是教材分析，但实践中花费其时间最多的却实命题工作。他对自己的比喻是“尴尬的“稻草人。身份建构表现为个人关注为辅，结构关注为主的教研员一方面能在实践中坚持自己对教师的指导，一方面明晰问责导向的工作逻辑，并达到两者的融洽。对自我的评价是“一个风风火火的闯将。身份建构表现为个人关注的教研员应付问责导向的工作，并花费额外的时间从事教师指导。从教师的认可中获得职业的成就感。对自我的判断是职场“菜鸟。 / 再次，不同学科教研员受考试、经验的影响，表现出不同程度的能动作用。高利益考试蕴含的控制性并不能直接决定教研员的能动性，但是教研员的知能水平，及其结构的支持程度，对教研员的能动性和承诺有直接的影响。教研员要致力于教师发展，需兼顾结构的需求，并从中获得个人的成长或者结构的奖励，方能形成稳定的职业承诺。 / 论文弥补了现有教育质量保障人员研究的不足。从结构与能动者互动的理论视角，分析教研员何以呈现如此的身份建构，对Archer的形态衍生理论做了本土的探索，对西方教育领导理论有所回应。并对教研员的定位与发展提出了政策建议。 / Accountability has become the key word in educational reform and educational studies. In western countries as well as China, establishing accountability mechanisms is regarded as an important strategy for the improvement of educational quality. The state, which is the main sponsor and coordinator of public education, attempts to ensure educational quality with varying degrees of supervision. However empirical studies on the role, functions and performance of those who are in charge of supervision, agency in and commitment to quality assurance system are also nebulous. Teaching-research office, a local quality assurance mechanism for teaching and learning in Mainland China, plays a dual role in education accountability and teacher development. How do teaching-research officers elaborate their prescribed roles? What is the relationship between the government and the teaching-research officers? To what extent are they committed to teacher development? Identity construction theory is helpful to addressing the above questions. Therefore, from the perspective of morphogenesis, this study chooses teaching-research officers of H city as a case of investigation by exploring their roles, identities and agency in the educational quality assurance system. / The data of this qualitative research were collected through the adoption of three research methods. First, interviews were conducted with 30 teaching-research officers, 9 teachers and 3 educational administrators. Second, with permission, teaching-research officers’ meetings, as well as class observation and demonstration conducted by teaching-research officers were observed first hand. Third, relevant documents including official newsletters and work plans, internal journals of teaching research offices were collected. Nvivo 8 was adopted to analyze the interview transcripts, field notes of observation, and relevant documents collected for research purposes. / This study has three major findings. First, teacher-research officers played four principals roles: supervisor, administrator, director and researcher. These roles, however, varied in accordance with the governmental requirements and needs in different historical periods. Before 1949, the teaching-research officers were supervisors for educational quality. They were excellent teachers that were recruited by educational supervision institutions, and thus were given with administrative authority. Between 1949 and 1990, these teacher-supervisors were classified as professional teaching-research officers who were in charge of teaching administration and teacher development. Although they were no longer conaidned educational administrators since 1990, the teaching-research officers still maintained a certain degree of administrative authority and exercised influence in educational administration. Since the launch of the 8th curriculum reform in China at the advent of the 21st century, the role teaching-research officers as researchers have been greatly emphasized. Nevertheless, an analysis of teaching-research officers’ working rhythm and role metaphor indicates that the quality assurance system has fallen short of providing support to develop the research competence of teaching-research officers. Consequently, state intervention remains the key factor in defining the role of teaching-research officers. / Second, the social identities of teaching-research officers demonstrate accountability-oriented characteristics in the context of curriculum reform. Personal concerns enable teaching-researcher officers to construct four types of identities at the individual level. Structure-concerns lead certain officer to treat project research as top priority in their practice and allow them to obtain value recognition during research. This type of officers regards themselves as researchers. For those officers who mainly focus on structural concerns, but supplemented their work with individual concerns, analysis of teaching materials one considered the most important aspect of their work while the refinement of test construction consumes most of their times. An awkward “scarecrow is used as their role metaphor. For those officers who mainly focus on individual concerns, but supplemented their work with structural concerns, insist on guiding teacher practice on the one hand, and accept the working logic of the accountability-oriented approach, on the other. Their perpetual task is to maintain harmony between the two. A pathbreaker in haste is the role metaphor adopted. Officers who are individual-concern persons attempt to deal with accountability-oriented work, and spend extra time mentoring teachers. Career fulfillment comes from appreciation of teachers. A rookie is the role metaphor adopted. / Third, the degree of agency and commitment of teaching-research officers varied with their views on public examinations, personal experience, and structural support. It is not public examinations but personal experience that had direct an impact on the agency of the teaching-research officers. Specifically, the knowledge and ability of teaching-research officers, as well as the degree of structural support that they receive, have a direct effect on their agency and commitment. Teaching-research officers who have make a steady commitment to teacher development, have to give consideration to quality structural concerns, and in addressing these concerns, gain personal growth or structural rewards. / This study contributes to filling the void in current research that neglete to the investigation into the educational quality assurance, staff who work for. The perspective of structure-agent interaction is used to analyze how teaching-research officers construct their identities in Chinese educational reform context. It is a local exploration of Margaret Archer’s morphogenesis theory. It enriches western educational leadership theory, and provides policy suggestion on the orientation and development of teaching-research officer. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 沈伟. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 367-388). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Shen Wei. / Chapter 第一章 --- 导论 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一节 --- 研究背景 --- p.1 / Chapter 一、 --- 实践背景：新的教育质量内涵需要新的质量保障机制 --- p.1 / Chapter 二、 --- 理论背景：教育问责背景下的能动者 --- p.7 / Chapter 第二节 --- 研究目的与问题提出 --- p.12 / Chapter 一、 --- 研究目的 --- p.12 / Chapter 二、 --- 研究问题 --- p.13 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文献综述 --- p.15 / Chapter 第一节 --- 教育质量保障概念解析 --- p.15 / Chapter 一、 --- 教育质量与教育质量保障 --- p.15 / Chapter 二、 --- 教育质量控制与教育质量保障 --- p.20 / Chapter 三、 --- 教育问责与教育质量保障 --- p.23 / Chapter 第二节 --- 教育质量保障：实践模式与存在理据 --- p.25 / Chapter 一、 --- 实践模式 --- p.25 / Chapter 二、 --- 教育视导的影响：基于实证研究的发现和分析 --- p.35 / Chapter 三、 --- 存在理据 --- p.38 / Chapter 第三节 --- 教育质量保障系统中的地方教育领导 --- p.41 / Chapter 一、 --- 作为教学领导 --- p.43 / Chapter 二、 --- 作为合作领导 --- p.48 / Chapter 三、 --- 作为系统领导 --- p.52 / Chapter 第四节 --- 中国教育质量保障中的教研员 --- p.56 / Chapter 一、 --- 当代政策文本中的教研员角色 --- p.56 / Chapter 二、 --- 教育理论研究中的教研员角色 --- p.59 / Chapter 三、 --- 教研员对其角色的理解 --- p.60 / Chapter 第五节 --- 教育变革能动者的身份与能动作用 --- p.62 / Chapter 一、 --- 角色、 --- p.62 / Chapter 二、 --- 身份建构的途径 --- p.66 / Chapter （一） --- “自上而下的身份建构 --- p.67 / Chapter （二） --- “自下而上的身份建构 --- p.68 / Chapter （三） --- 融合主义的身份建构 --- p.70 / Chapter （四） --- 形态衍生理论视野的身份建构 --- p.73 / Chapter 第六节 --- 理论框架的提出 --- p.75 / Chapter 一、 --- 身份建构的理论框架 --- p.75 / Chapter 二、 --- 从形态衍生理论研究教研员身份建构的可行性 --- p.79 / Chapter 第三章 --- 研究方法与研究设计 --- p.82 / Chapter 第一节 --- 研究问题与分析路径 --- p.82 / Chapter 一、 --- 研究问题 --- p.82 / Chapter 二、 --- 分析路径 --- p.84 / Chapter 第二节 --- 研究方法 --- p.86 / Chapter 一、 --- 质的研究取向 --- p.86 / Chapter 二、 --- 个案研究为主，历史分析为辅 --- p.87 / Chapter 第三节 --- 个案研究 --- p.89 / Chapter 二、 --- 资料的收集 --- p.93 / Chapter 三、 --- 资料分析 --- p.100 / Chapter 第四节 --- 研究可靠性与研究伦理 --- p.102 / Chapter 一、 --- 研究可靠性 --- p.103 / Chapter 二、 --- 研究伦理 --- p.105 / Chapter 第四章 --- 教育质量保障系统中的教研员角色变迁 --- p.106 / Chapter 第一节 --- 中国教育质量保障系统的发展：从晚清到现在 --- p.106 / Chapter 一、 --- 晚清政府：以教育外在事项为主的质量保证体系 --- p.107 / Chapter 二、 --- 民国国民政府：以教育内部事项为主的质量保证体系 --- p.109 / Chapter 三、 --- 老解放区：资源匮乏情形下形成的教育质量保证应对之策 --- p.113 / Chapter 四、 --- 1949年后：日趋系统化的教育质量保证体系 --- p.116 / Chapter 第二节 --- 教育质量保障人员的角色变化与特征：历史的视角 --- p.119 / Chapter 一、 --- 晚清政府的视学与劝学员：监督、 --- p.119 / Chapter 二、 --- 民国国民政府的视学与辅导员：管理、 --- p.121 / Chapter 三、 --- 老解放区的教育巡视员与辅导员：报告、 --- p.126 / Chapter 四、 --- 1949年后的督导、 --- p.128 / Chapter 第三节 --- 课程改革背景下H市教研员的角色发展：结构的新期待 --- p.131 / Chapter 一、 --- 教研制度的正式确立及教研员的角色定位 --- p.131 / Chapter 二、 --- H市教研室职能的发展 --- p.136 / Chapter 三、 --- H市教研员的角色：群内分工不同 --- p.145 / Chapter 第四节 --- 本章结语 --- p.152 / Chapter 第五章 --- 教研员的社会身份建构 --- p.156 / Chapter 第一节 --- 日常工作中呈现的群体共性 --- p.156 / Chapter 一、 --- 以课为载体的教研活动 --- p.156 / Chapter 二、 --- 由调研与视导构成的多维评估 --- p.170 / Chapter 三、 --- 自上而下的课题研究与教学研究 --- p.178 / Chapter 第二节 --- 与群外人员的差别 --- p.184 / Chapter 一、 --- “我们眼中的他人 --- p.185 / Chapter 二、 --- 他人眼中的“我们 --- p.196 / Chapter 第三节 --- 从群体到个体：角色认知与事项排列 --- p.205 / Chapter 一、 --- 职能排序 --- p.205 / Chapter 二、 --- 工作节奏与事项排列 --- p.216 / Chapter 第四节 --- 本章结语 --- p.221 / Chapter 第六章 --- 实践：社会身份与个人身份的对话 --- p.224 / Chapter 第一节 --- 结构关注：“做研究的人 --- p.224 / Chapter 一、 --- 重要任务：提高区域教育质量 --- p.224 / Chapter 二、 --- “最高境界与“最重要任务的冲突 --- p.228 / Chapter 三、 --- 基于学科属性、 --- p.230 / Chapter 四、 --- 不被理解的痛苦与研究的快乐 --- p.232 / Chapter 第二节 --- 结构关注为主，个人关注为辅： --- p.236 / Chapter 一、 --- 进入市教材编写队伍 --- p.236 / Chapter 二、 --- 教师培养：“守正出新 --- p.238 / Chapter 三、 --- 职业生命何在？ --- p.243 / Chapter 四、 --- 最有压力的是考试 --- p.245 / Chapter 第三节 --- 个人关注为主，结构关注为辅： --- p.248 / Chapter 一、 --- 从实践教学开始 --- p.248 / Chapter 二、 --- 对课程、 --- p.251 / Chapter 三、 --- 教师队伍建设 --- p.255 / Chapter 四、 --- 研究真问题 --- p.260 / Chapter 第四节 --- 个人关注：职场“菜鸟 --- p.264 / Chapter 一、 --- 从专业角度来选择 --- p.264 / Chapter 二、 --- “不听课不能指导 --- p.267 / Chapter 三、 --- 不找校长，不听推门课，不申请课题研究 --- p.270 / Chapter 四、 --- “合格就是老师对你的认可 --- p.273 / Chapter 第五节 --- 本章结语 --- p.275 / Chapter 第七章 --- 承诺是否可能 --- p.280 / Chapter 第一节 --- 考试影响下的学科教研工作 --- p.280 / Chapter 一、 --- 考试之于语文、 --- p.281 / Chapter 二、 --- 考试之于科学教研员 --- p.288 / Chapter 三、 --- 考试之于音乐、 --- p.295 / Chapter 四、 --- 考试之于拓展、 --- p.303 / Chapter 第二节 --- “经验影响下的教研工作 --- p.310 / Chapter 一、 --- 为什么选择教研员 --- p.311 / Chapter 二、 --- 入职时面临的挑战及应对措施 --- p.318 / Chapter 第三节 --- 承诺：从结构能动者互动的视角 --- p.327 / Chapter 一、 --- 强控制下的能动作用与承诺 --- p.328 / Chapter 二、 --- 弱控制下的能动作用与承诺 --- p.329 / Chapter 三、 --- 能动作用的强弱：结构与个人关注的融洽度 --- p.330 / Chapter 四、 --- 承诺的“源泉：结构支持或个人收获 --- p.332 / Chapter 第四节 --- 本章结语 --- p.333 / Chapter 第八章 --- 结论：教研员的角色、 --- p.338 / Chapter 第一节 --- 研究结论 --- p.338 / Chapter 一、 --- 研究发现 --- p.339 / Chapter 二、 --- 研究结论 --- p.346 / Chapter 第二节 --- 研究贡献 --- p.352 / Chapter 一、 --- 理论贡献 --- p.352 / Chapter 二、 --- 政策实践的启示 --- p.359 / Chapter 第三节 --- 研究局限 --- p.362 / Chapter 第四节 --- 后续研究建议 --- p.364 / p.367 / p.389