Prostate cancer in the United States shows great disparities among race and socioeconomic status. Disparities in cancer rates in South Carolina are severe. Cancer control policies are lacking in ways to identify reasons for high risk populations and cost-effective ways to do so. An innovative spatial visualization program called the GeoViz Toolkit was used to determine areas of high Prostate Cancer incidence and mortality in South Carolina (rates obtained from the South Carolina Central Cancer Registry) compared with socioeconomic variables (education, income, lack of health insurance, and living in rural areas) and race. From there, recommendations were made using the South Carolina Cancer Alliance's "South Carolina Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan" objectives for Prostate Cancer for the top counties that were determined to have the highest need of intervention. These 11 counties include Colleton, Hampton, Allendale, Barnwell, Fairfield, Dillon, Marion, Marlboro, Williamsburg, Bamberg, and Orangeburg.

Les services de soins hospitaliers sont soumis à de nombreux évènements de natures aléatoires rendant leur gestion et leur pilotage difficiles. Ces difficultés organisationnelles reposent essentiellement sur l'incertitude permanente pesant sur les évolutions futurs, principalement en termes d'arrivées et de départs de patients. Pourtant, une prise en charge rapide et efficace des patients est primordiale pour des services tels que les urgences. Ces services doivent pouvoir placer rapidement leurs patients ce qui n'est possible uniquement si (i) les arrivées ont été anticipées et des places sont laissées vacantes dans les services pour recevoir les patients urgents et/ou (ii) le planning d'occupation des services est construit de telle manière que l'insertion d'un nouveau patient est facilitée.Notre objectif va être de gérer les flux de patients séjournant dans les services de courts-séjours de l'hôpital, depuis le choix d'admission d'un nouveau patient jusqu'à sa sortie, et ce, en s'inspirant des deux postulats précédant. A l'aide de modèles d'optimisation stochastique, une succession de problèmes de décisions, ayant pour but de garantir le bon fonctionnement des structures hospitalières, est résolue. Une hiérarchie en trois niveaux est appliquée pour résoudre le problème de gestion: 1. Planification des admissions des patients réguliers, 2. Affectation des patients aux unités de soins et insertion des urgences, 3. Affectation des patients d'un service aux chambres.Les études de cas sont basées sur les données d'un établissement partenaire, le Centre Hospitalier de Firminy (France). / Hospitals have to deals with a lot of random events making their management hard to realize. Those difficulties are mainly due to the uncertainty relative to future evolutions of demand, in particular in term of future arrivals and departures. Despite those difficulties, a fast and efficient hospitalization is required especially for some units like the emergency department. This department has to find quick solution to the problem of hospitalized of their patients. This can only be possible if (i) emergency arrivals are forecasted and so a bed is remaining free for them and/or (ii) the planning of beds occupation is made in a way allowing easy allocations of emergency patients.Our purpose is going to manage the patient flow in short stay unit (medicine and surgery) starting form the choice of an admission date for each patient until their discharge by keeping in mind the two previous assumptions. By using some stochastic optimization models, we solve a succession of decision problems in order to grant the good state of hospitals. Three level of decision are solved: 1. Admission scheduling for elective patients, 2. Patient assignment to hospital floors, 3. Patient assignment to rooms.Cases of study are based on data provided by a french hospital partner of this work, Firminy's Hospital Center

We consider the distributed access enforcement problem for Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) systems. Such enforcement has become important with RBAC's increasing adoption, and the proliferation of data that needs to be protected. We provide a platform for assessing candidates for access enforcement in a distributed architecture for enforcement. The platform provides the ability to encode data structures and algorithms for enforcement, and to measure time-, space- and administrative efficiency. To validate our platform, we use it to compare the state of the art in enforcement, CPOL [6], with two other approaches, the directed graph and the access matrix [9, 10]. We consider encodings of RBAC sessions in each, and propose and justify a benchmark for the assessment. We conclude with the somewhat surprising observation that CPOL is not necessarily the most efficient approach for access enforcement in distributed RBAC deployments.

隨著無線網路環境的普及，越來越多行動工作者可以透過隨身的手持設備進行網路漫遊，即時地存取不同的服務。另外亦可以經由公司的虛擬專有網路來存取企業內部資料、電子郵件及其它應用程式。不論是針對企業或是網路服務業者而言，為了要能夠確保網路環境上的安全性，眾多的行動工作者在進行漫遊時，身分必須被驗證，進而才能被授予各項服務的存取權。此外，還必需根據使用者服務使用的情況進行計費，來提升服務提供者的收益。 因此在無線區域網路中，結合一套認證、授權、計費的架構(Authentication, Authorization, Accounting Architecture, AAA Architecture)，使得網路服務業者能夠有效地來管理龐大行動工作者的跨網路漫遊服務。 本研究提出一個以情境知覺運算(context-aware computing)為基礎的AAA架構。以情境來設計資源存取政策，因此系統偵測到行動工作者情境上的改變，根據已定義好的存取政策，動態地進行身分驗證及調整授權服務，最後再依不同的服務使用等級、連線時間與網路使用量等來計費。本論文以漫遊服務與企業虛擬專有網路為例，說明在此架構下如何針對不同的情境進行身分認證、與服務授權。 / With the popularity of the Wireless LAN, mobile workers are able to access various services or resources with seamless roaming, as well as mobile VPN, just via their handheld devices. Not only for the corporations but the Internet Service Providers(ISP), a secure and trusted remote access is required. User identity should be authenticated in advance, and the service providers grant or deny mobile users the access to resources according to their statuses. Besides, a usage-based accounting and billing is crucial to provide commercialized services within WLAN, and to benefit those service providers. As a result, a AAA architecture designed for coordinating the authentication, authorization and accounting between different administrative networks is required with urgent need. The objective of this research is to provide a context-aware based AAA architecture which adopts context as the design principle to define access control policies. So the system can detect the changing contexts of mobile workers, re-authenticate user identity, adjust dynamically service permissions in the light of context-based access control policies, and bill the user taking into account the contexts efficiently. In this research, we take examples of roaming services and VPN to describe how the architecture works.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojama šiuolaikinė Lietuvos alkoholio kontrolės politika. Stengdamasi atskleisti ir įvertinti Lietuvos alkoholio kontrolės politikos problemas, autorė atliko viešosios nuomonės tyrimą-apklausą, mokslinės literatūros analizę bei naudojo kitus mokslinius metodus. Darbe ne tik atskleidžiamas nepakankamas alkoholio kontrolės įgyvendinimas Lietuvoje, bet ir pateikiamos rekomendacijos, kaip jį pagerinti taikant efektyvias mokslu pagrįstas bei pasaulyje naudojamas alkoholio kontrolės priemones. Lietuvos gyventojai (apklausos rezultatų duomenimis) ir alkoholio kontrolės srities ekspertai alkoholio politiką šalyje vertina vidutiniškai. Daugelis Lietuvos gyventojų bei ekspertų pritartų griežtesnei alkoholio kontrolės politikai. Vienas iš didžiausių trukdžių įrodymais grįstai alkoholio politikai vystyti – aktyvi alkoholio pramonės įtaka šalyje. / Master's thesis analyzes the contemporary Alcohol Control Policy of Lithuania. Author of the work conducted a public opinion survey-interview, used the analysis of scientific literature and other methods of research to disclose and evaluate the issues of the Lithuanian Alcohol Control Policy. The paper not only reveals the lack of implementation of alcohol control in Lithuania, but also provides guidance on how to improve it with/adapting the effective science-based and used globally alcohol control measures. Lithuanian residents (survey data) and alcohol-control experts have an average view of this policy. Many of them support the stronger alcohol control policy. One of the major constraints on evidence-based alcohol policy development – strong influence of the alcohol industry in the country.

This paper utilizes a critical (political) discourse analysis to examine security dialogue as revealed through policy; in order to facilitate this task, the following publically available political documents will be analyzed: Smart Border Declaration; Security and Prosperity Partnership (SPP), and the pending Beyond Borders deal. The objective is to highlight the complexities and realities of the security era as it pertains to North American border security. In other words, I am interested in the administration of border security policy in its practical context. Reviewing the Beyond Borders deal and situating it within the overall national security policies that govern the Canadian border facilitates the identification of limitations posed by the security mentality dominant in border governance. This thesis advocates that those studying border security policies in order to formulate alternative options do so in a manner that appreciates the unique polity milieu of the border. The analysis presented here has policy implications and concludes with recommendations and projections for the Beyond Borders deal. / Thesis (Master, Sociology) -- Queen's University, 2011-10-14 13:59:44.787

We consider the distributed access enforcement problem for Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) systems. Such enforcement has become important with RBAC's increasing adoption, and the proliferation of data that needs to be protected. We provide a platform for assessing candidates for access enforcement in a distributed architecture for enforcement. The platform provides the ability to encode data structures and algorithms for enforcement, and to measure time-, space- and administrative efficiency. To validate our platform, we use it to compare the state of the art in enforcement, CPOL [6], with two other approaches, the directed graph and the access matrix [9, 10]. We consider encodings of RBAC sessions in each, and propose and justify a benchmark for the assessment. We conclude with the somewhat surprising observation that CPOL is not necessarily the most efficient approach for access enforcement in distributed RBAC deployments.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-01T12:00:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 heliamariadias.pdf: 751717 bytes, checksum: 2fc8677ca678219b4e1fdc2efadf6ab3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-02T12:55:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 heliamariadias.pdf: 751717 bytes, checksum: 2fc8677ca678219b4e1fdc2efadf6ab3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-02T12:55:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 heliamariadias.pdf: 751717 bytes, checksum: 2fc8677ca678219b4e1fdc2efadf6ab3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-05 / Esta dissertação trata do Programa Municipal de Controle do Tabagismo (PMCT) no município de Juiz de Fora, enfatizando, dentre as demais ações do Programa, a oferta do tratamento do tabagismo na rede de serviços da atenção básica do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Aborda toda dinâmica que envolve a questão do tabagismo em seus diferentes aspectos: sócio-econômico, ambiental e saúde pública. Apresenta as medidas de combate e controle do tabagismo em âmbito mundial, com destaque para o Programa Brasileiro de Controle do Tabagismo, sua organização, resultados e a estratégia de descentralização do Programa para os entes federados (estados e municípios). A metodologia utilizada teve como base a abordagem qualitativa e a pesquisa de campo foi realizada com dez gestores de diferentes níveis hierárquicos da Secretaria de Saúde de Juiz de Fora. Mediante a baixa adesão das Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde (UAPS) para ofertar o tratamento do tabagismo, a pesquisa identificou, através da visão dos gestores, um conjunto de fatores que interferem no desenvolvimento do Programa e, portanto, na oferta do tratamento. Os resultados do estudo demonstraram que é necessário maior envolvimento da Secretaria de Saúde em relação a este Programa e o fato de o mesmo não ter financiamento próprio, fundo a fundo, reflete no comportamento do gestor em relação a qualquer programa, inclusive este, ocasionando a não oficialização do mesmo e falta de cobrança das UAPS que não aderem à oferta de tratamento. A rotatividade de profissionais, inclusive dos gestores, e o tipo de contrato também aparecem como fator dificultador à adesão ou continuidade do tratamento. A organização do Programa Nacional também reflete no desenvolvimento da Política de controle do tabagismo nos estados e municípios. Há ausência de interação entre os diferentes níveis de coordenação, meios de comunicação e avaliação adequados e a própria questão do não financiamento do programa. A realização deste estudo propiciou uma reflexão sobre o Programa de Tabagismo em âmbito nacional e local e possibilitou algumas sugestões, a partir dos resultados apresentados, para garantir a continuidade do programa e o acesso da população ao tratamento. / This dissertation is about the Municipal Tobacco Control Program (MTCP), in the city of Juiz de Fora, emphasizing, among other actions of the Program, the offering of tabagism treatment in the basic services from the public health system care (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS). This paper approaches the whole dynamic involving the tabagism issue, in all its different aspects: social, economical, environmental and public health. It presents the fighting and controlling tabagism measures world wide, focusing on the Brazilian tabagism Control Program, its organization, results and decentralization strategy in order to involve states and cities. The methodology used was based on the qualitative approach and a field research was made with ten managers of different hierarchical levels from the Juiz de Fora Secretary of Health. Facing the lack of support from the Primary Unit Health Care (Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde – UAPS) to offer the tabagism treatment, the research identified, by the point of view of the managers, a gathering of factors that interfere with the development of the Program, there for on interfering with the treatment offers. The results of this study show that a bigger commitment from the Secretary of Health is required regarding this Program, this is due to the fact that the former doesn‟t have its own founding, reflects on the behavior of the managers regarding any program, including this one, leading to a non- officialization of it and demanding initiatives from the others UAPS that don‟t support the treatment offering. The rotativity of the staff, including the managers, and the type of contract also appears as a drawback, making more difficult the support and the continuity of the treatment. The organization of the National Program reflects on the development of the tabagism control Policy in the states and cities. There is a lack of interaction between the different coordination levels, means of the communication, an accurate evaluation system and financing the program. The realization of this paper lead to a reflection about the Tabagism Program in both levels, national and local, from the results presented some suggestions are given in order to assure the continuity of the program and its accesses for all the population.

Thesis (MPAM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / The study explored the challenges faced by the law enforcement agencies on illicit tobacco smuggling across South Africa and Zimbabwe at the Beitbridge port of entry. Literature states that globally law enforcement agencies are faced with a huge challenge at the borders in controlling the trade of tobacco product: South Africa has no exemption on this matter. This mini-dissertation analyses the effectiveness and efficiency of law enforcement and the control of illicit trade of tobacco product at Beitbridge port of entry. The lack of operation coordination strategies and workload within law enforcement agencies were fully examined with a view to come up with appropriate measures to improve control at research area. The South African Government tobacco control policy has been in place since the early 1990’s with legislative instruments requiring mandatory health warning labels on tobacco products, banning public and underage smoking. Porous borders and corruption of officials working at the boarders are the exacerbating illicit tobacco. An explanatory qualitative method design was used in this study which helped to gather data to explain the phenomenon in more depth. The chosen study area of this research is the Beitbridge port of entry which is situated in the far North of the Limpopo Province of South Africa. A purposive sample was used in the study to select participants in the following law enforcement agencies, namely SAPS, SARS and SANDF. Improved working collaboration between SAPS, SARS and SANDF and other stakeholders will immensely benefit the society and government. The qualitative study method was done in this research. The research sample was the law enforcement officers responsible for curbing the illicit trade of tobacco product in a multidisciplinary approach at the Beitbridge border post from the three departments, which are SAPS, SARS and SANDF. The data was only collected from the South African side of Beitbridge not from Zimbabwean side. Thematic analysis was then used to analyse the findings. Permission to conduct the study was sought from relevant authorities, ethics of informed consent, confidentiality and voluntarily participation were utilised. The following themes emerged during the data analysis: access to the border and also to the policies as well as to the members of selected departments working at the Beitbridge border post. The responses from the findings were analyses based on the interview guide used to collect data. The respondents confirmed that though there are coordinated efforts to prevent, combat and detect illicit cigarettes there is a need for adequate resources like storage facilities, sniffer dogs and scanners at the border. Based on the responses received, it was concluded that there is an existence of some form of coordination of activities relating to operations at the border within the law enforcement agencies responsible for curb illicit trade.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the emissions from the Swedish truck fleet between 2007- 2014. By descriptive analysis the emissions of NOx, PM, HC and CO are found to decrease at the truck level, the firm level and municipal level. A difference-in-difference analysis is performed to Stockholm municipality where a low emissions zone (LEZ) is located. Heavy trucks in the transportation sector are examined. Emissions are found to decrease more outside of the LEZ than within. This contrasts to other studies on LEZs and to the political goal of the zone. These results indicate that a green transition is occurring in the Swedish truck fleet. Moreover, the adjustment to the LEZ appears to mainly force the firms with dirty trucks located outside of Stockholm municipality to switch to cleaner vehicles / Målet med denna uppsats är att undersöka utsläpp från den svenska lastbilsflottan mellan 2007- 2014. Med hjälp av deskriptiv analys, visas att utsläppen av NOx, PM, HC och CO minskar på lastbils, företags, och kommunnivå. En difference-in-differences analys görs på Stockholms kommun där en miljözon (LEZ) finns. Tunga lastbilar i transportsektorn är undersökta. Utsläpp minskar mer utanför miljözonen än inuti. Detta står i kontrast till andra studier, samt till det politiska målet med miljözonen. Dessa resultat indikerar att en grön övergång sker i den svenska lastbilssektorn. Dessutom är anpassningen till miljözonen verkar främst påverka företag med smutsiga lastbilar som är lokaliserade utanför Stockholms kommun att byta till renare fordon.