Texte remanié de: Diss.--New York--Columbia university. / Bibliogr. p. 125-136. Index.

Th. Ph. D.--Droit--Københavns universitet, 1998. / Bibliogr. p. 15-24. Index.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Recht--Heidelberg--Heidelberg Universität, 1990. / Mention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Defamation law in democratic states : a comparative analysis of the law in the Federal republic of Germany, in the United states of America and under the European convention of human rights / Georg Nolte ; [ed. by the Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht]. Contient un résumé en anglais. Bibliogr. p. 266-277. Notes bibliogr. Index. Table de jurisprudence.

Texte remanié de la deuxième partie de: Diss. Ph. D.--Droit--Uppsala universitet, 1991. / Notes bibliogr. Bibliogr. p. 454-470. Index.

Les analyses comparatives montrent qu’entre la Convention de Vienne des Nations Unies sur les contrats de vente internationale de marchandises et le droit vietnamien de la vente, il existe un nombre significatif de règles identiques, que ce soient celles relatives à la formation du contrat de vente et celles concernant son exécution. Le rapprochement de la législation vietnamienne de la CVIM a été plus affirmé après la récente réforme du droit des contrats au Vietnam, marquée par la promulgation des nouveaux Code civil et Loi commerciale en 2005. Toutefois, les différences n’en sont pas moins importantes. La première est due à un droit uniforme de la vente internationale qui prévoit des solutions plus souples et plus précises. La nécessité d’assurer la stabilité contractuelle est plus affirmée également par le droit uniforme que par le droit vietnamien, notamment parce que les enjeux du contrat international sont plus importants que ceux du contrat interne. Les règles de la CVIM témoignent aussi du souci de ses rédacteurs de renforcer la sécurité des transactions et la prévisibilité des solutions, tandis que celles du droit vietnamien sont moins précises. De plus, se situant dans une approche économique, la Convention offre des solutions respectueuses des attentes légitimes de l’acheteur et du vendeur, ce qui n’est pas toujours le cas du droit vietnamien de la vente. L’analyse juridictionnelle permet de faire d’autres contrats intéressants. En fait, les deux systèmes juridiques mettent tous les deux l’accent sur les grands principes du droit des contrats, tels que la liberté contractuelle, le consensualisme, la bonne foi. Il est toutefois à remarquer que la mise en œuvre de ces principes est très différente d’un système à l’autre. La jurisprudence conventionnelle prouve une nette considération de ces principes. Dans la pratique judiciaire du Vietnam, en revanche, la portée de ces règles est beaucoup plus limitée. On est souvent surpris par des décisions discutables dans lesquelles le juge n’a pas tenu compte de la bonne foi, voire de la volonté des parties et a ainsi porté atteinte à la liberté contractuelle. L’absence, en droit vietnamien, d’un principe général d’interprétation de la déclaration de volonté des parties contractantes aggrave d’ailleurs la situation. Un examen historique et philosophique des deux systèmes permet également de comprendre d’autres divergences. En effet, en droit vietnamien, les conceptions conservatrices affirmées dans l’ancien régime de l’économie planifiée ont beaucoup limité les efforts de réforme du législateur. Il faut prendre aussi en considération l’influence d’autres valeurs culturelles et juridiques présentes dans l’histoire du Vietnam, comme celle du confucianisme. Ces différences qui ne sont déterminantes permettent, toutefois, de formuler des propositions et recommandations. D’une part, les règles conventionnelles constituent un élément de référence pour le législateur vietnamien afin de perfectionner le droit interne de la vente et des contrats. D’autre part, l’utilité de la doctrine et de la jurisprudence conventionnelles est très importante pour les juges, les arbitres et le praticiens vietnamiens. L’adhésion du Vietnam à la CVIM apparaît donc souhaitable et possible sur les plans juridique, politique et économique. / Comparative analyses show that the Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods and Vietnam’s Sale of Goods law have a great deal in common, particularly as regards the rules governing the formation and execution of contracts, and this as become even more apparent with the recent reform of contract law in Vietnam and the passing in 2005 of a new Civil Code and a new commercial law. Yet the differences should not be underestimated. The first derives from the fact that the uniform law on international sale provides more flexible and more precise solutions. It also lays greater emphasis on the necessity of achieving contractual stability than Vietnamese law does, if only because there is more at stake in international contracts. The drafting of the Convention is also more meticulous than the provisions under Vietnamese law, another indication of the vital importance in uniform law of reinforcing stability in contractual relationships and the predictability of legal solutions. Besides, given the economic context in which it twas drawn up, the Convention aims to provide solutions which comply with the legitimate expectations of the parties, something that Vietnamese law isn’t always quite so good at doing. Other interesting conclusions can be drawn from the examination of case-law. In fact, both legal systems insist of the general principles underpinning the law of contracts, notably contractual freedom, consensualism and good faith. It should nonetheless be noted that, in practice, major differences remain between the two systems : whereas such principles are consistently upheld in conventional jurisprudence, Vietnamese law absides by them rather less. One is often surprised to read the debatable decisions Vietnamese judges sometimes come up with, decisions which disregard good faith or even the intentions of the parties, thus infringing freedom of contract. This state of affairs is made worse by the absence in domestic law of a general principle of interpretation of the declaration of the parties intentions. A historical and philosophical analysis of the two systems explains other differences. The Vienamese legislator’s reforming drive was held back by conservative notions dating back to the old regime and the planned economy, and cultural and legal values, e.g. Confucianism, must be taken into account. The differences highlighted are by no means insurmountable and do not prevent the formulation of suggestions and recommendations. On the one hand, the rules contained in the Vienna Convention constitute a standard which the Vietnamese legislator may use to improve municipal law in the areas of sale and contracts. On the other hand, Vietnamese judges, arbitrators and lawyers more generally rely heavily on the doctrine and case-law arising out of the Vienna Convention. For legal, political and economic reasons, therefore, it seems both desirable for Vietnam to sign up to the said convention

Abstract This thesis examines the evangelical strategy for the Men’s Missionary Union in Southeastern Nigeria. Chapter 1 gives the introduction to the study, which also comprises the background, the statement of the problems, the limitations and delimitation, the literary review and the methodology. Chapter 2 is a study that views the geography and ethnography of Southeastern Igboland. In this chapter, the geographic location, the ethnographic data and the religion of the people were examined. Chapter 3 focuses on the historical background of the people of southeastern Nigeria. The areas of interest include: the historical background, cultural portraits, social life, and the religious and traditional beliefs of the people. Chapter 4 looks at the history of missions in Southeast Nigeria. The areas of focus include: Christian Missions in Southeast Nigeria, Baptist Missions in the Southeast Nigeria, the Southern Baptist Missions in Nigeria, the Nigerian Baptist Convention Missions and the Men’s Missionary Union in the Southeastern Nigeria. Chapter 5 explores the Evangelistic Strategy for the Men’s Missionary Union in Southeastern Nigeria. The thesis suggests the following strategies for the area: the theological importance of evangelism in Southeastern Nigeria, the economic empowerment, social ministry, personal evangelism, recreational and sporting ministry, house/cell group scheme, and prayer/power evangelism. Chapter 6 discovers some hindrances to evangelism in the area and then makes some recommendations toward evangelizing the Southeast people of Nigeria. According to the observation of the thesis, the Southeastern people of Nigeria are assumed to have been Christianized, but the gospel-centered message of Christ is still lacking in the area. Therefore, this thesis explores possible evangelistic strategies that will galvanize the ministry of the Men’s Missionary Union of Baptist Churches in Southeastern Igbo ethnic group in Nigeria. It discovers that the seven evangelistic strategies when applied in the area will help reach the people with the gospel message of Christ.

Class of 2014 Abstract / Specific Aims: To increase the use of best practices by pharmacy preceptors within their own settings and to identify if live continuing education presentations are considered superior to other forms of CE presentation. Subjects: Pharmacists attending the “Quest for the Best: Best Practices for Pharmacy Preceptors” CE program at the Arizona Pharmacy Alliance 2013 Annual Convention. Methods: Surveys administered before, after, and 6 months following the CE program collected data concerning the use of syllabi for rotations, the type and quantity of expected projects, frequency of student oversight, and feedback opportunities. Follow-up surveys assessed preferred forms of CE delivery. A survey administered six months following the CE’s conclusion identified changes made at the subjects’ sites as a result of the CE. Main Results: Surveys were completed by 20 pharmacy preceptors (mean years of experience = 5.95; SD = 5.36). 86% of the subjects preferred the live CE; 5% would have preferred the CE be delivered as a webinar. Chi-square testing found no statistically significant difference between pre-CE use of syllabus, frequency of student monitoring, and frequency of given feedback compared to 6-months post-CE (p = 0.59, 0.57, 0.30 respectively). Conclusion: The CE program did not demonstrate a difference among attending pharmacy preceptors in incorporating a syllabus at their site, altering monitoring of student, or time provided for feedback. Live CE was found to be the most desired at imparting best practices to pharmacy preceptors. 86% of responders reported changing their site practices as a result of the CE presentation.

Franz Joseph Haydn’s (1732-1809) Sturm und Drang years (1768-1773) are described by Mark Evan Bonds as a period of exploration or experimentation of compositional techniques. Based on this premise, this thesis provides in-depth analyses of twenty symphonic minuet movements from the composer’s Sturm und Drang period with the goal of illuminating how Haydn treated the conventionally constrained minuet form. In particular, I discuss how Haydn thwarted formal and rhythmic generic expectations by drawing on James A. Hepokoski and Warren Darcy’s concept of formal deformation. Using William E. Calpin’s theory of formal functions to approach issues of form and cadences, the thesis explores formal and cadential deviations from the Classical norm in aspects of the minuets’ intra-thematic structures, coda/codetta treatment, motivic homogeneity, harmony, and melody. My study also discusses aspects of hypermeter and metrical dissonance through metrical groupings, melodic fragments and dynamics to demonstrate a variety of techniques employed by Haydn to subvert metrical expectations in this dance form through models offered by David W. Beach, Ryan McClelland, and Floyd K. Grave. Finally, a study of the trios of the symphonic movements illustrates how Haydn engaged the middle portion of the movement to highlight the minuets’ deformations, either by normalizing or enlarging formal or metrical deviations. In sum, this thesis argues that Haydn’s creative deviations in the Sturm und Drang Minuet movements exemplify his search to transcend the conventional boundaries of a form heavily saturated in formal, harmonic, cadential, and rhythmic expectations.

LL.D. / The sea plays a pivotal role in the political, economical and social function of individual states and the international community as a whole. The need for the proper management of the sea and its natural resources has become more important than ever before to ensure the continued existence of mankind. The law of the sea, traditionally, rests mainly on two pillars, namely the principle that the sea is res communes and the principle of the freedom of the sea. Because the sea covers seventy percent of the surface of the earth it is, in particular, an area where conflict between states occur. The peaceful settlement of international disputes is therefore of vital importance to maintain and strengthen peace amongst nations. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which only came into force on 16 November 1994, is an evolutionary international instrument that can aptly be described as a constitution for all uses of the sea. The convention created a sustained normative framework with new rights and obligations through the establishment of the common heritage of mankind, the exclusive economic zone and archipelago states. Provision is also made for the inclusion of new international organisations such as the International Seabed Authority, the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.Because the 1982 Convention demarcates the borders of the various maritime zones, which falls within the sovereignty and jurisdiction of states, it contributes in the effort to balance the competing rights of the freedom of the sea, on the one hand, and the sovereign rights and jurisdiction of 601 coastal states, on the other hand, that included claims to territorial waters, the continental shelf, and the establishment of the common heritage of mankind and the exclusive economic zone. The convention also contains comprehensive rules for the settlement of disputes emanating from the various uses of the sea. The most significant feature of the dispute settlement procedures of the convention is the compulsory dispute settlement mechanisms. Every party that ratified the convention is subject to dispute settlement in terms of part XV without the need for the parties to subject themselves to dispute settlement whenever a dispute arises. The traditional means of dispute settlement as envisaged by article 33(1) of the Charter of the United Nations is confirmed in section 1, and is integrated into the compulsory dispute settlement procedures of section 2 of part XV. The parties, however, may not resort to compulsory dispute settlement unless and until they have exhausted the traditional means of dispute resolution. Compulsory dispute resolution is therefore subservient to the traditional means of dispute settlement.

From 2004 to the present the United States Government has employed drones for cross-border law enforcement purposes in the sovereign territory of Pakistan. Various opinions exist as to whether the US is justified in its intrusion into the territory of another sovereign state. Matters regarding to both the integrity of territorial sovereignty and the use of force by a foreign country within the sovereign domain of another state are confirmed by both customary and treaty law. The United States and Pakistan are both parties to the two treaties that enshrine the principle of sovereignty - the UN Charter and the Chicago Convention of 1944. Drones are being used increasingly by governments and private individuals for a host of reasons, ranging from military aggression to aerial recreation. They fulfil various military and useful other tasks, with the result that they are becoming increasingly indispensable. But, as with all technological innovations, the beneficial aspects of these inventions are counterbalanced by the aggressive and destructive use that can be made of them. Some see the employment of drones for military purposes, such as the elimination of terrorist leaders linked to Al Qaeda in Pakistan, as preferable to whole scale destructive warfare. By the same token though, the argument can be made that the reasoning offered to justify intrusions into the sovereign territory of another state is insubstantial to the point of being dispensable and that the abuse of drones as weapons on these insubstantial grounds thereby becomes a real threat to civilised society and to international peace and security. The purpose - and burden - of this study are to debate the legality and the justifications for the use of drones for law enforcement (seemingly military) purposes by the United States in the sovereign territory of Pakistan. A clear view of the permissibility and legality of this campaign in Pakistan is of considerable consequence to other countries that could find their sovereignty compromised. Two essential ‘tools’ used to establish legal clarity in this matter are the Chicago Convention of 1944 and the UN Charter of 1945. The relevant provisions of these international agreements will therefore be studied in detail. Both these conventions were signed by Pakistan and the United States, and both contain provisions protecting the territorial integrity and sovereignty of states. Reference will additionally be made to the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties in order to interpret the provisions of the Chicago Convention which is viewed by some as appropriate to regulate drone warfare. The writer intends to use this Convention to show that the applicability of the Chicago Convention may be open to dispute and that, instead, cross-border drone operations and the protection of aerial sovereignty depend on the purport of article 2(4) of the UN Charter and the customary principle of aerial sovereignty. Therefore, the need to thoroughly examine and understand the concepts of the so-called ‘war on terror’ and the principle of preemptive self-defence is considered critical for the purpose in hand, as the United States uses these elements as justification for their infringement of Pakistani sovereign territory and their cross-border use of force in drone operations. These matters will, therefore, receive appropriate attention by reference to the relevant provisions in the UN Charter as well as the principles set out in international case law dealing with the subject matter. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2015 / Centre for Human Rights / LLM / Unrestricted