Aufgrund des rasanten technischen Fortschritts, unter anderem bedingt durch Megatrends wie Funktionsintegration, Individualisierung oder Digitalisierung, sind die Produkte aber auch die Prozesse einem stetigen Wandel unterworfen. Die ehemals systembestimmende Mechanik wird auch in Zukunft noch das Grundgerüst stellen, das elektrisch angetrieben und durch komplexe informationstechnische Einheiten gesteuert wird. Längst ist die Software jedoch zu einem wesentlichen Innovationstreiber im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau geworden.

Die Deformation von porösen Natur- und Kunstfasermaterialien unter Zug-, Druck- oder Biegebelastung hängt sehr stark von den geometrischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften der verwendeten Fasern und den Eigenschaften der Faser-Faser-Kontaktstellen ab. In den betrachteten Materialien besitzen die Fasern häufig eine Orientierung, die zu elastisch anisotropen Eigenschaften führt. Um das Materialverhalten beim Herstellungsprozess und im Einsatz vorherzusagen werden in dieser Arbeit Fasernetzwerkmodelle zur Beschreibung der Mikrostruktur verwendet. Im Vergleich zu ähnlichen Verfahren werden sehr komplizierte dreidimensionale Fasernetzwerke mit einem effizienten numerischen Verfahren gelöst. Das Lösungsverfahren basiert auf einer Formulierung der Elastizitätsgleichungen als Integralgleichung vom Lippmann-Schwinger-Typ. Diese Integralgleichungen werden iterativ mit Hilfe der schnellen Fourier-Transformation (FFT) gelöst. Die Anwendung dieser Lösungstechnik auf poröse Medien ist neu. Im Vortrag werden Simulationsergebnisse für verschiedene Fasermaterialien erläutert und diese mit entsprechenden Messungen verglichen. Dabei werden geometrisch und physikalisch nichtlineare Verformungen betrachtet. Mit Hilfe der entwickelten Mikrostruktursimulationstechnik (Softwarepaket FeelMath) lässt sich die Abhängigkeit der makroskopischen Deformationseigenschaften von den Eigenschaften der Einzelfasern und der Faserorientierung analysieren. Damit kann die Anzahl der notwendigen Messungen reduziert werden und die Eigenschaften der Materialien lassen sich für den speziellen Einsatzzweck optimieren. Das vorgestellte Lösungsverfahren ist ebenfalls für nichtporöse Verbundwerkstoffe und zur Lösung von Wärmeleitproblemen in Fasernetzwerken geeignet.

Die Firma Schubert baut TLM-Verpackungsmaschinen. TLM bedeutet Top Loading Maschine, d.h. die Aufgabe einer TLM-Maschine ist in der Regel das Aufrichten, Befüllen und Verschließen von Schachteln. TLM-Maschinen bestehen aus Teilmaschinen, die über Transmodulstrecken miteinander verbunden sind. Transmodule transportieren Produkte und Verpackungseinheiten, die Prozessvernetzung wird einfacher und es ergeben sich neue Möglichkeiten.

In zahlreichen Branchen gibt es extrem zeitkritische Prozesse, deren exakte Bearbeitung entscheidend für die Produktqualität und die Produktionsgeschwindigkeit ist. Es wird eine Lösung vorgestellt, mit der die genannten Abhängigkeiten eliminiert und dadurch Reaktionszeiten im einstelligen μs-Bereich ermöglicht werden.

Vortrag, gehalten auf der Tagung VDD 2015 in Radebeul am 12. März 2015.

Pea protein hydrolysate (PPH) has antihypertensive effects and prostanoids have been implicated in renal diseases. To investigate the role of PPH and prostanoids on renal and cardiovascular effects in cardio-renal disease, normal and diseased Han:SPRD-cy rats were given diets containing either 0, 0.5% or 1% PPH for 8 weeks. At termination, diseased rat kidneys displayed increased renal cyst growth, fibrosis, plasma creatinine and lower monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Diseased rats also exhibited left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressures and LV end diastolic and systolic pressures. Four of five prostanoids were elevated in diseased rat kidneys. PPH attenuated systolic blood pressure, but not other components of the cardio-renal syndrome. PPH also increased select prostanoids in normal and diseased rats. Thus, dietary PPH attenuates hypertension in the Han:SPRD-cy rat, but does not ameliorate other components of disease, possibly due to increased prostanoid effects or an insufficient treatment length.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, Faculty of Medicine, 2001. / Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 161-195.

Το σύνδρομο πολυκυστικών ωοθηκών (PCOS) αποτελεί την πιο συχνή ενδοκρινολογική διαταραχή των γυναικών αναπαραγωγικής ηλικίας που χαρακτηρίζεται από κεντρικού τύπου παχυσαρκία, ακμή , υπερτρίχωση και διαταραχές των εμμηνορησιακών κύκλων που οφείλονται στην υπερανδρογοναιμία και την χρόνια ανωοθυλακιορρηξία. Οι γυναίκες με PCOS αναπτύσσουν και μεταβολικού τύπου διαταραχές όπως η υπερινσουλιναιμία λόγω αντίστασης στην ινσουλίνη, η υπέρταση, ο σακχαρώδης διαβήτης, η δυσλιπιδαιμία και το μεταβολικό σύνδρομο. Σημαντικό ρόλο στην παθοφυσιολογία της των παραπάνω μεταβολικών διαταραχών ασκεί το σύστημα Ρενίνης-Αγγειοτενσίνης-Αλδοστερόνης (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System – RAAS) που διακρίνεται σε ενδοκρινές κι ιστικό. Στο ιντρόνιο 16 του γονιδίου του ενζύμου ACE(17q23) έχει βρεθεί ο πολυμορφισμός I/D που προκύπτει από την παρουσία ( Insertion– I) ή την απουσία (Deletion–D) μιας Αlu αλληλουχίας μήκους 287 bp, δημιουργώντας τρείς διακριτούς γονότυπους: II, ID και DD Με δεδομένο το ρόλο του συστήματος RAAS σε σχέση με τους παράγοντες κινδύνου για καρδιαγγειακή νόσο και κυρίως με την αντίσταση στην ινσουλίνη, ο ρόλος του πολυμορφισμού ACE I/D έχει καταστεί αντικείμενο μελέτης ως προς την εκδήλωση καρδιαγγειακών συμβαμάτων. Στην παρούσα μελέτη προσδιορίστηκε ο πολυμορφισμός ACE I/D σε 156 φυσιολογικές γυναίκες και σε 212 γυναίκες με την πιο βαριά μορφή του συνδρόμου πολυκυστικών ωοθηκών που είναι η ύπαρξη βιοχημικής υπερανδρογοναιμίας και χρόνιας ανωοθυλακιορηξίας. Το συμπέρασμα μετά τη στατιστική ανάλυση ήταν ότι ο γονότυπος ΙΙ συνδέεται στατιστικώς σημαντικά με την την αντίσταση στην ινσουλίνη κι ο γονότυπος ΙD με τα επίπεδα της 17-OH προγεστερόνης, πρόδρομης ορμόνης κατά την βιοσύνθεση των ανδρογόνων που ίσως σημαίνει με τοπικά αυξημένη ενεργότητα του RAS. Tα ευρήματα αυτά ανάγουν τον πολυμορφισμό της ACE σε ένα πιθανά πολύτιμο δείκτη αυξημένου καρδιαγγειακού κινδύνου στις γυναίκες με PCOS. / The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of women of reproductive age, characterized by central obesity, acne, hirsutism and disorders menstrual cycles due to hyperandrogonemia and chronic anovulation. Women with PCOS develop type and metabolic disorders such as hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Important role in the pathophysiology of these metabolic disorders has the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System - RAAS), which is divided into endocrine and tissue. In intron 16 of the gene of the enzyme ACE (17q23) has found a polymorphism I / D resulting from the presence (Insertion-I) or absence (Deletion-D) of an Alu sequence length of 287 bp, creating three distinct genotypes: II,ID,DD. Given the role of the RAAS system in relation to risk factors for cardiovascular disease and especially with insulin resistance, the role of polymorphism ACE I / D has become a subject of study as to the occurrence of cardiovascular events. This study identified a polymorphism ACE I / D in 156 healthy women and 212 women with the most severe form of polycystic ovarian syndrome is the presence of biochemical hyperandrogonemia and chronic anovulation. The conclusion after statistical analysis was that the II genotype is associated statistically significant with insulin resistance and ID genotype with levels of 17-OH progesterone hormone precursor in the biosynthesis of androgens which it might means locally increased activity of RAS. These findings suggest the polymorphism of the ACE in a potentially valuable indicator of increased cardiovascular risk in women with PCOS.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are some of the most commonly prescribed medications for hypertension. They are cited in many papers as the treatment most often recommended by guidelines and favoured over other antihypertensive drugs as first-line agents especially when other high-risk conditions are present, such as diabetic nephropathy. The development of captopril (CPT) was amongst the earliest successes of the revolutionary concept of structure-based drug design. Due to its relatively poor pharmacokinetic profile or short half-life of about 1 hour, the formulation of sustained-release microcapsule dosage form is useful to improve patient compliance and to achieve predictable and optimized therapeutic plasma concentrations. Currently, CPT is mainly administered in tablet form. One of the difficulties of CPT formulation has been reported to be its instability in aqueous solutions. CPT is characterized by a lack of a strong chromophore and, therefore, not able to absorb at the more useful UV–Vis region of the spectrum. For this reason, an accurate, simple, reproducible, and sensitive HPLC-ECD method was developed and validated for the determination of CPT in dosage forms. The method was successfully applied for the determination of CPT in commercial and developed formulations. Possible drug-excipient and excipient-excipient interactions were investigated prior to formulating CPT microcapsules because successful formulation of a stable and effective solid dosage form depends on careful selection of excipients. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for the identification and purity testing of CPT and excipients. The studies revealed no thermal changes during stress testing of binary and whole mixtures which indicate absence of solid state interactions. There were no shifts, appearance and disappearance in the endothermic or exothermic peaks and on the change of other associated enthalpy values on thermal curves obtained with DSC method. Characteristic peaks for common functional groups in the FT-IR were present in all the mixtures indicating the absence of incompatibility. The techniques used in this study can be said to have been efficient in the characterization and evaluation of the drug and excipients. The technique of microencapsulation by oil-in-oil was used to prepare CPT microcapsules. The effects of polymer molecular weight, homogenizing speed on the particle size, flow properties, morphology, surface properties and release characteristics of the prepared CPT microcapsules were examined. In order to decrease the complexity of the analysis and reduce cost response surface methodology using best polynomial equations was successfully used to quantify the effect of the formulation variables and develop an optimized formulation thereby minimizing the number of experimental trials. There was a burst effect during the first stage of dissolution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that the initial burst effect observed in drug release could be attributed to dissolution of CPT crystals present at the surface or embedded in the superficial layer of the matrix. During the preparation of microcapsules, the drug might have been trapped near the surface of the microcapsules and or might have diffused quickly through the porous surface. The release kinetics of CPT from most formulations followed Fickian diffusion mechanism. SEM photographs showed that diffusion took place through pores at the surface of the microcapsules. The Kopcha model diffusion and erosion terms showed predominance of diffusion relative to swelling or erosion throughout the entire test period. Drug release mechanism was also confirmed by Makoid-Banakar and Korsmeyer-Peppas models exponents which further support diffusion release mechanism in most formulations. The models postulate that the total of drug release is a summation of a couple of mechanisms; burst release, relaxation induced controlled-release and diffusional release. Inspection of the 2D contour and 3D response surfaces allowed the determination of the geometrical nature of the surfaces and further providing results about the interaction of the different variables used in central composite design (CCD). The wide variation indicated that the factor combinations resulted in different drug release rates. Lagrange, canonical and mathematical modelling were used to determine the nature of the stationery point of the models. This represented the optimal variables or stationery points where there is interaction in the experimental space. It is difficult to understand the shape of a fitted response by mere inspection of the algebraic polynomial when there are many independent variables in the model. Canonical and Lagrange analyses facilitated the interpretation of the surface plots after a mathematical transformation of the original variables into new variables. In conclusion, these results suggest the potential application of Eudragit® / Methocel® microcapsules as suitable sustained-release drug delivery system for CPT.