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It has been over sixty (60) years since decolonization in Africa. In years gone by, a pattern has emerged of former French colonies being marginally worse off than their British counterparts. Britain and France as the two most dominant colonial powers in Africa allows for these comparisons in growth and development to be made. Using a case study of Cote D’Ivoire, this study argues the continuous existence of neocolonialism in former French colonies through cooperation agreements as an explanation to this divergence in growth. The research question posed is: “To what extent was the Cooperation Agreements signed between France and Cote D’Ivoire in 1960 a pivot from France colonial to neocolonial rule in Cote D’Ivoire?” In order to answer this question a conceptual framework focusing in particular on colonialism, extractive political and economic institutions, neocolonialism, dependency, and the structural theory of imperialism were chosen. The methods employed were secondary literature review, content analysis of the cooperation agreements signed between France and Cote D’Ivoire in 1960, and a conducted survey of Ivorians. This study concludes that these Agreements cede to France indirect and subtle control in all aspects of Ivorian statehood: economy, finance, military, foreign policy, diplomacy, trade, judiciary, education, natural resources, and even internal security. This has resulted in Cote D’Ivoire being politically and economically dependent on France. Arguably, the most detrimental to Ivorian growth and development is its lack of monetary control through the continuous use of the colonial currency of the CFA franc and membership in CFA Zone. As a currency, the CFA franc is pegged to the French franc and now Euro. This study argues that the currency is overvalued and incongruent to growth and development in an agricultural export-based economy like Cote D’Ivoire. And being political dependent on France renders Ivorian leaders reluctant to opt their country out from the CFA Zone, thus perpetuating a cycle of exploitation and inhibiting growth. The result of this study contributes to studies on growth divergence in Africa, and towards understanding relations between former colonies and colonizers, and its impact on global wealth divides and dependency.

La coopération entre l’Union européenne et les pays d’Afrique, des Caraïbes et du Pacifique (ACP) n’a pas permis aux Pays ACP d’atteindre leurs objectifs de développement et la fin des Accords de Cotonou prévue pour 2020 arrive à grand pas. Cette thèse s’est donné pour ambition d’aller au-delà de l’analyse des programmes européens de développement pour montrer les logiques, les processus, les contradictions en oeuvre dans le champ de la coopération ainsi que les représentations des acteurs. Ce travail s’inscrit dans une perspective d’anthropologie politique pour apporter de nouveaux éléments à la compréhension de la coopération entre l’Union européenne et les pays ACP. / The cooperation between European Union and the African, Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP) countries did not allow the ACP countries to reach their development goals and the end of Cotonou agreements in 2020 is fast approaching. The aim of this thesis is to go beyond the analysis of European development programs to show the logics, processes, contradictions at play in the field of cooperation as well as the representations of the actors. This work falls within the framework of a political anthropology perspective in order to bring forth new elements for a better understanding of the cooperation between European Union and the ACP countries.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-26T12:33:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE FINAL VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 2991037 bytes, checksum: 00249eadc392a2dc3953b56297a2e540 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-26T12:33:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) TESE FINAL VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 2991037 bytes, checksum: 00249eadc392a2dc3953b56297a2e540 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-10 / CAPES / O objetivo fundamental desse estudo é examinar e compreender a dinâmica e a configuração da imigração contemporânea para o Brasil, com destaquenum fluxo migratório muito peculiar: a migração dos africanos em razão dos estudos. Estes chegam ao país, oriundos da “África Lusófona” no âmbito do Programa Estudante Convênio de Graduação, eacabam não voltando mais aos países de origem. Esses egressos constituem um contingente crescente de imigrantes no Brasile, porserem sujeitos por vezes esquecidos, nãotem sido matériade uma análise etnográfica profunda. Realiza-se, inicialmente, uma análise dacomplexa realidade histórica, política e ideológica vivenciada pelo continente africano nos anos que antecedem e sucedemas primeiras independências políticas na década de 1960. Interessa-se, sobretudo evidenciar os impactos da guerra fria, considerando-a como um dos suportes exógenos para emergência dos nacionalismos africanos e como um grande evento cujo desdobramento contribuiu na promoção dos primeiros fluxos migratórios com fins de estudos na “África Lusófona”. Destacam-se os fatores que contribuíram na fragilidade do Estado e precarização das instituições de ensino em toda a África, articulando estes casos aos fluxos da migração internacional com fins de estudonaperspectiva de aprofundar a compreensão sobre a evolução das relações entre o Brasil e a África na área da educação, levando em conta diversos contextos ligados às dinâmicas geopolíticas internacionais. A partir do enfoque teórico da migração e da Antropologia articulados aos relatos empíricos, busca-se entender a complexidade da decisãode ficar, e não voltarao país de origem, considerando as implicações demanter-se com os projetos nacionais dos seus países e com os laços estabelecidos nos lugares em que fixam residências. Conclui-se apresentando ponderações sobre o atual panorama migratório internacional sinalizando o seu estado caótico, intenso, complexo e diversificado, prevendo as implicações culturais que dele decorrerão, bem como o papel que uma antropologia pedagógica poderá desempenhar perante a irreversível situação de lidar com o “outro” diferente. / The fundamental aim of this study is to examine and understand the dynamics and configuration of contemporary immigration to Brazil, highlighting a very peculiar migration: the migration of African due to studies. They arrive in the country from the "Lusophone Africa" under the Undergraduate Student Program Agreement (Programa Estudante Convênio de Graduação), they end up not returning to their origin countries. These graduates represent a growing contingent of immigrants in Brazil, sometimes forgotten, not being such subject matter of a deep ethnographic analysis. It carries out initially an analysis of historical reality, political and complex ideology, experienced by the African continent just before and after the first political independence in the 1960s. It interests above all, to highlight the impact of the cold war, considering it as one of the exogenous holders for the emergence of African nationalism and, as a great event, which unfolding contributed to the promotion of the first migratory flows with the purpose of studies in the "Lusophone Africa". Noteworthy are the factors that contributed to the state fragility and precariousness of educational institutions across Africa, linking these cases to the flow of international migration with the purpose of study, seeking essentially deepen the understanding of the development of relations between Brazil and Africa in education area, taking into account different contexts linked to international geopolitical dynamics. From the theoretical approach of migration and Anthropology articulated the empirical reports, it seeks to understand the complexity of the decision to stay and not to return, considering the implications of staying with the national projects of their countries and links established in places where they reside. It concludes presenting the reflections on the current international migration outlook, signaling its chaotic state, intense, complex and diversified, predicting the cultural implications that flow from it, as well as, the role that a pedagogical anthropology can play towards the irreversible situation to deal with “another” different.

Depuis plus de trois décennies, l'un des aspects par lequel se manifeste la mondialisation est la mobilité internationale des firmes et des facteurs de production. L'interdépendance croissante des économies, qui résulte de l'expansion des échanges et du développement des mouvements des capitaux, est devenue incontournable. La mondialisation a donné lieu à la promotion du libéralisme économique, et au développement d'un processus mondialisé des activités, dans lesquels les IDE se font une place centrale, dans les politiques de développement des pays d'accueil. Qu'ils soient pays développés ou PED, ces derniers se livrent à une concurrence acerbe, pour l'attractivité des flux d'IDE sur leur territoire. Les FMN ont gagné une place centrale dans ce nouveau schéma. Après avoir suscité la méfiance et l'hostilité des gouvernements des PED, elles sont devenues une composante principale dans la stratégie de développement. Suivant leurs propres préoccupations (gains de productivité, sources d'approvisionnement, etc), les FMN établissent des stratégies dans une perspective internationale, et intègrent dans les activités leur responsabilité sociale et environnementale. Les IDE ont fait l'objet d'une forte controverse sur leurs potentialités à faire profiter les pays d'accueil des « spillovers ». Une inégale répartition des flux d'IDE, amène les PED à mettre en place des politiques d'attractivité ambitieuses (exonérations fiscales, subventions, etc.). L'Algérie a engagé, à l'instar d'autres PED, une série de réformes pour s'inscrire dans une nouvelle logique qui consacre les lois du marché et la libéralisation de l'économie touchant tous les secteurs d'activité. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer empiriquement les déterminants d'attractivité des IDE dans le modèle algérien, de la conduite de sa politique de promotion et de son évaluation. La qualité des institutions est bel et bien validée comme déterminant central dans la conduite de la politique d'attractivité de l'Algérie. La construction de la matrice d'attractivité a révélé que l'Algérie se place dans le cercle des « pays potentiels », qui pourraient figurer un jour dans la « short-list », à condition d'améliorer certaines composantes de leur attractivité. Des réformes cohérentes restent à faire pour une insertion effective dans l'économie internationale. / For over three decades, one aspect by which manifests globalization is the international mobility of firms and factors of production. Growing interdependence of economies resulting from the expansion of trade and development of capital movements has become unavoidable. Globalization has given rise to the promotion of economic liberalism, and development of a process of global activities in which FDI are central in the development policies of host countries. Whether developed or developing countries, these one are engaged in a bitter competition for FDI attractiveness of flux of FDI in their territory. The MNF has taken a central place in this new scheme. After arousing the suspicion and hostility of the governments of developing countries, they have become a key component in the strategy of development. Following their own concerns (productivity gains, exoneration, etc.), the MNF gone to research an international perspective, and integrate their activities in the social and environmental responsibility. The FDI has been subject of an important controversy over their potential to benefit the host countries of the "spillover". An unequal distribution of FDI, make the developing countries to take up an attractive ambitious policies (tax holidays, subsidies etc.). Algeria has committed, like other developing countries, a series of reforms to be part of a new logic that embodies the laws of the market and liberalization of the economy, affecting all sectors of activity. The objective of this thesis is to empirically assess the determinants of FDI attraction in the Algerian model, the conduct of its promotion policy and its evaluation. Quality of institutions is indeed well validated as a central determinant in the conduct of political attractiveness of Algeria. The construction of the matrix of attractiveness revealed that Algeria is located in the circle of ?potential countries", and that could one day appear in the "short list", provided certain components to improve their attractiveness. Consistent reforms are still needed for effective integration into the international economy.