Att en samordnad bebyggelse- och transportplanering skapas anses vara eftersträvansvärt, men det har konstaterats att det finns bristande verktyg för att en sådan planering ska kunna skapas. Denna studie har undersökt hur en samordnad bebyggelse- och transportplanering skapas samt vilka faktorer som främjar en sådan planering. Detta har gjorts genom fallstudier av två olika projekt där införandet av Bus Rapid Transit i Örebro respektive Regionalt Superbusskoncept i Östra Göinge har studerats. Av studien framkom att en grundläggande aspekt för att skapa en samordnad planering är att två eller flera aktörer är ömsesidigt beroende av varandra för att kunna uppnå sina individuella mål. Hur detta sedan har skapat en samordnad planering har skett genom att detta ömsesidiga beroende har identifierats. Studien visar att en tradition av samordning och arbetskulturer som främjar samordning, alternativt att en gemensam organisation skapas för att hantera frågor som kräver samordning ligger till grund för att möjligheten till samordning identifieras. De faktorer som visats främja en samordnad planering stämmer väl överens med teorin Co-action. Vad som även framkommit i studien är att det inte är tillräckligt att dessa faktorer uppfylls mellan organisationer, utan de behöver även uppfyllas inom organisationerna. Ytterligare faktorer som visats främja samordning är avtal alternativt stark politisk beslutskraft, långsiktighet, goda personliga relationer och stort kontaktnät, samtidighet i genomförandefasen, ett tydligt koncept samt medvetenhet om vilka formella ramverk som kan ha en påverkan på aktörernas handlingsutrymme. Slutligen är det av stor vikt att ha en förståelse för den rådande kontextens påverkan på dessa faktorer då samordning är en informell planering vilket medför att förutsättningarna och behoven av samordning kan se olika ut i varje fall. / The creation of an integrated building and transport planning is considered desirable, but it has been established that there are insufficient tools for such planning. This study has examined how an integrated building and transport planning is created and which factors promote such planning. This has been done through case studies of two different projects, the implementation of Bus Rapid Transit in the Swedish municipality of Örebro and Regional Super bus concept in the Swedish municipality of Östra Göinge. The study shows that a fundamental aspect of creating an integrated planning is that actors are interdependent to be able to achieve their individual goals. How this creates an integrated planning is done by identifying this interdependence. The study shows that a tradition of collaboration and organizational norms that promote collaboration, or the creation of a mutual organization that works with issues that require collaboration, are tools for identifying the possibility of an integrated planning. The factors that have been shown to promote an integrated planning correspond well with the theory of Co-action, although what also emerged in the study is that it is not enough that these factors are met between organizations, they also need to be met within the organizations. Additional factors that have been shown to promote coordination are agreements or strong political decision-making power, long-term perspective, good personal relationships and large network of contacts, simultaneity in the implementation, a strong concept, and awareness of formal institutions impact on the possibility to integrate planning. Finally, it is important to understand the influence of the prevailing context on these factors given that an integrated planning is an informal planning process, meaning that the conditions and needs to create such planning can differ in each case.

This thesis study focuses on transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem for restructured power systems and addresses challenges specifically in countries where electricity market is in developing phase after liberalization of power industry for establishing a competitive market, like Turkey. A novel multi-year TEP approach is developed which considers generation investment cost and transmission congestion level in the planning horizon. The model assesses the impact of generation investments on TEP problem. Benders decomposition methodology is utilized successfully to decompose the complex mixed-integer programming TEP problem into a master problem and two subproblems. Security subproblem assesses single-contingency criteria. Transmission congestion cost is considered within operational subproblem given that congestion level is a proper criterion for measuring competitiveness level of an electricity market. The proposed approach is applied to the Turkish power system. The proposed approach could be utilized to provide indicative plans, which might be quite necessary particularly during development of a competitive market. However, there is no guarantee that independent power producers (IPPs) will follow those plans which concern the maximization of social-welfare. Given the necessity of coordinating monopoly transmission and decentralized generator investment decisions, the proposed approach is improved further to include promoting decentralized generator investments through incentive payments. Such incentives might be necessary to trigger IPPs earlier than their projections, as illustrated by numerical examples including IEEE 30-bus system.