No / In this pilot study, we explored the difference in the use of occupational competence strategies for daily participation between more active and less active older Hispanic women. Twenty-nine women who were 70 and older and lived alone participated in this study. We used a mixed-methods design by which the principal investigator administered a tool to measure participation restrictions during the quantitative phase and conducted in-depth interviews with a subsample in the qualitative phase. More active women predominantly used transportation resources, emotional social support, and spirituality to support participation in life activities. Less active women used more practical social support, assistive technology, and environmental modifications. Personal facilitators seemed to directly modify these strategies. These results suggest that older women with different activity levels use distinct internal and external resources to maintain or enhance daily participation. Future studies should explore whether these resources remain consistent across gender, living status, and ethnicity. / This publication was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), Clinical Research Education and Career Development (CRECD) grant R25RR017589, in collaboration with the Puerto Rico Clinical and Translational Research Consortium (PRCTRC) grant 8U54 MD 007587-03 and the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) grant 8U54RR026139- 01A1.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第19874号 / 地環博第148号 / 新制||地環||30(附属図書館) / 32910 / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 星野 敏, 准教授 西前 出, 准教授 中村 公人 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Family Studies and Human Services / Joyce A. Baptist / Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a prevalent, pervasive chronic illness. It is a hereditary condition that affects those of African, Mediterranean, Indian, Middle Eastern, and Hispanic/Latino descent. It causes extreme pain for patients and a myriad of other symptoms and complications. The medical issues associated with and the very nature of SCD has the potential to cause psychological distress and related problems for patients. Parents, caregivers, significant others, and family members are similarly affected by a family member with SCD. Applying the Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation Model, this qualitative study used heterogeneous sampling and explored the experience of three families with SCD. Three main themes emerged from the data, analyzed using thematic analysis: Stress and Challenges, Adapting to and Coping with the Demands of SCD, and Individual and Family Strengths. The pervasiveness and unpredictability of SCD as well as the strengthening effects of having experienced SCD were shared across families, despite their heterogeneity. Clinical implications for families with SCD are discussed.

El cuidador primario del paciente oncológico constituye un apoyo vital durante el proceso de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, también experimenta choques en su afectividad que le producen alteraciones en su salud integral al contemplar todo lo que padece su familiar a causa del cáncer, que ameritan investigarse. El objetivo busco describir y analizar el afrontamiento y adaptación del cuidador primario del paciente oncológico en una clínica privada del distrito de Chiclayo, 2023. La propuesta investigativa fue de tipo cualitativo, descriptivo. La población la constituyo 80 cuidadores primarios de la clínica privada Oncorad del distrito de Chiclayo. Los sujetos participantes fueron los cuidadores primarios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, La muestra se abordó como no probabilística por conveniencia y su tamaño de 12 cuidadores estuvo delimitada por saturación y redundancia. En la recolección de la información fue utilizada la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada validada por juicio de expertos. Los datos recolectados pasaron por análisis de contenido temático, sustentados en criterios éticos y de rigor científico. Se encontraron como resultados: Modos de afrontamiento del cuidador ante la protección de la vida del paciente oncológico; Modos de adaptación del cuidador primario del paciente oncológico; afrontando el futuro con chequeos preventivos y mejores estilos de vida. Conclusión: El cuidador primario experimenta muchas etapas en el trayecto del cuidado que pueden afectar no solo su psiquis, sino también su rol social y que busca ayuda, soporte e información en su familia, profesionales de salud y su creencia religiosa. / The primary caregiver of the oncology patient is a vital support during the disease process. However, they also experience shocks in their affectivity that produce alterations in their integral health when contemplating all that their family member suffers because of cancer, which merit investigation. The objective was to describe and analyze the coping and adaptation of the primary caregiver of the oncology patient in a private clinic in the district of Chiclayo, 2023. The research proposal was qualitative and descriptive. The population consisted of 80 primary caregivers of the Oncorad private clinic in the district of Chiclayo. The participating subjects were the primary caregivers who met the inclusion criteria. The sample was approached as non-probabilistic by convenience and its size of 12 caregivers was delimited by saturation and redundancy. The semi-structured interview technique validated by expert judgment was used in the collection of information. The data collected underwent thematic content analysis, based on ethical criteria and scientific rigor. The following were found as results: Ways of coping of the caregiver when facing the protection of the oncologic patient's life; Ways of adaptation of the primary caregiver of the oncologic patient; facing the future with preventive check-ups and better life styles. Conclusion: The primary caregiver experiences many stages in the caregiving journey that may affect not only their psyche, but also their social role and they seek help, support and information from their family, health professionals and their religious beliefs.

Thesis (M.Sc.(Agriculture (Agricultural Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Understanding the factors that influence farmers' decisions to take preventive measures against natural hazards provides insight that can be used to develop user-specific interventions to support their adaptation processes. The use of Protection Motivation Theory in analysing climate risk adaptation behaviour is driven by the increase in climate change, which is projected to increase the frequency and severity of climate related risks such as heatwaves, floods, and droughts. Given the importance of livestock in rural communities, information about their adaptation must be prioritised; yet, this is not the case, as most climate change adaptation research focus on crop production. The main aim of the study was to analyse the drought risk preparedness of smallholder livestock farmers in the Limpopo Province's Blouberg Local Municipality. The study's specific objectives were to identify and describe the socioeconomic characteristics of smallholder livestock farmers in the Blouberg Local Municipality, as well as to determine the drought coping and adaptation strategies used by them and to evaluate the protection motivation theory components influencing that coping and adaptation behaviour. The study collected primary cross-sectional data from 130 smallholder livestock farmers in the Blouberg Local Municipality using a semi-structured questionnaire. The farmers' drought risk coping and adaptation strategies were described using descriptive statistics, while multiple linear regression was used to test whether protection motivation theory variables influence the adaptation and coping choices of smallholder livestock farmers in Blouberg Local Municipality. According to the findings, smallholder livestock farmers in Blouberg Local Municipality use four measures on average to protect their livestock against drought. With an R2 adjusted of 0.70, protection motivation theory variables explain 70% of the variation in farmer protection motivation. Perceived risk probability, perceived severity, perceived self-efficacy, and perceived costs were significant variables associated with farmers' protection motive. It is recommended that interventions meant to increase drought risk resilience of the farmers should prioritise early warning signals to increase perceived probability of the farmers, create platforms for information exchange to increase perceived severity, teach farmers methods practically to increase perceived self-efficacy and keep the price of utilising measures low to decrease perceived cost / Risk and Vulnerability Science Centre (RVSC)

Ethiopia is an agrarian country dominated by subsistence farming which is highly vulnerable to climate change. This study was therefore carried out to assess smallholder farmers’ perceptions of climate change and adaptation strategies followed to prevent vulnerability to climate change in the Medium and Upper highlands of the Amhara region of Ethiopia. Data was collected from 300 sample smallholder farmers using questionnaire, key informant interviews, and Focus Group discussions with farmers and experts. The survey result showed that households differ in terms of asset endowments, vulnerability, and coping and adaptation capability to climate change. About 87.3% noticed climatic change and their perception of climatic variable attributes indicated about 75% felt a decline in the amount of rainfall, 52.6% stated early onset, about 66.6 % showed late on set, 84% expressed poor distribution of rainfall, high temperature (83.7%) and desiccating wind (52.7%). The major adaptation strategies employed by the majority of small holder farmers included enhancing traditional irrigation, use of drought tolerant and early maturing varieties, converting farm land to tree growing and relay cropping immediately after harvesting. The coping strategies to climate variability are largely related to migrating to urban areas, engaging in daily work, selling of fuel wood and asset while mitigation measures have focused on ecosystem rehabilitation. “Multi Nominal Logit” (MNL) model analysis indicated gender, education, off farm activity, farm size, ownership of oxen, farmer to farmer extension, access to credit and information on climate change as determinants of adaptation to climate change and variability. Institutional support to farmers’ efforts to adapt to climate change is generally weak. The overall analysis leads to conclude that despite the presence of awareness on climate change and its likely impacts on livelihoods of the smallholder farmer, development intervention at local level are not systematically designed to address the problems of the resource poor farmers and environmental challenges. In the immediate future there is an urgent need to capitalize on existing awareness, document, package and disseminate successful adaptation interventions to farmers. As a long term solution it is recommended that institutions in charge of climate change need to develop a national drought and climate change management strategic plan with full accountability to facilitate ecosystem development, resilience against climate change and ultimately improvements in the livelihood of farmers. Such interventions could potentially be achieved by taking practical measures on policy support and Institutional building for climate change, knowledge management on adaptation to climate change, filling technological gaps related to agriculture including livestock husbandry in the context of climate change, applying innovative local level participatory land use planning and promoting livelihood diversification initiatives that could enable small holder farmers create assets to enhance their livelihoods. / Environmental Sciences / D. Phil. (Environment Management)