Magister Legum - LLM / This thesis explores the factors that our courts take into account in determining what would constitute the best interests of the child in granting or refusing relocation applications. This study deals with the formulation and interpretation of the best interests standard by South African courts in relocation cases. The courts are considering reported cases to determine which issues to take into account in determining the best interests of the child, due to the fact that the Children’s Act does not have a set list of criteria. Therefore I will focus on case law in determining what factors are taken into account in order to determine what would be in the best interests of the child with regard to the relocation application. The aim is to determine whether there is any consistent principle or policy which can act as a guideline to practitioners and our courts to direct jurisprudence in this area. The objective is to determine whether the Children’s Act provides sufficient guidelines to assist the court in determining relocation disputes. Furthermore the thesis examines what the approach of our courts is and what constitutional dimensions may arise in relocation disputes. The research aims to explore whether relocation applications (and parenting roles) are disadvantaging women (primary-caregivers). The research investigates whether the courts are gender neutral and acutely sensitive to gender in relocation applications.

Background¡G Ventilator-dependent patients have a great and far-reaching impact on families. Their primary caregivers, who are usually the ventilator-dependent patients¡¦ families, have played important roles during the caring process. Those caregivers are burdened with a lot of responsibility and pressure. It is crucial to find out how to assist the caregivers within selected methods of caring and to provide them with suitable needs in order to reduce their psychological burden. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the related factors and to compare the burden and the needs of the primary caregivers in respiratory care ward and home care on long-term ventilator-dependent patients. Design¡G The survey adopts cross-sectional and purposive sampling by using a structured questionnaire to collect information. Both Burden and Needs Questionnaire¡¦s reliability is respectively 0.923 and 0.943; their KMO is 0.828 and 0.829 ; their Expert Validity (CVI) is 0.88 and 0.91. The questionnaire has reached the ideal value of reliability and validity. The sampling subjects are from respiratory care ward and home care centers in southern Taiwan. Total 260 out of 280 questionnaires are returned (the response rate has reached 92.9%) and there are 241 valid samples. The questionnaires are used for data collection and are divided into four sections; ¡§patient basic information¡¨ , ¡§family basic information¡¨, ¡§caregiver burden scale¡¨, and ¡§caregiver need scale ¡¨. The collected data is analyzed with descriptive statistics-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson¡¦s correlation and multiple regressions by using SPSS Windows version 12.0. Result¡G (1) Patients from Home-care centre are normally younger in comparison with the patients from respiratory care wards; their average usage of mechanical ventilator is 30.98 month longer; they tend to have more conscious and tracheotomy patients. According to the demography, these two groups of the patients have a significant difference. (2) The average age of primary home care and respiratory care ward caregivers is 50¡ã52; most of them are female; most of the care givers are the patients¡¦ children. (3) "Physiological burdens" and "physiological needs" of home care centers caregivers are greater than the caregivers in respiratory care ward. They have reached a significant difference in statistic. (4) The primary caregivers have a declining health, and their workload and demands are increasing. (5) There is a significant positive correlation between the primary caregivers¡¦ burden and needs. (6) Base on the numbers of admitting to the ICU, the hospital and the current health status of the primary caregivers; the workload is predictable. Conclusion¡G Hopefully the result of this study can provide the Government to formulate a long-term-care insurance. Focus on providing the services to different needs for the caregivers; reduce the caregivers¡¦ burden on caring the mechanical ventilator patients. Also, to provide health care workers and respiratory therapists to implement on transferring patients to respiratory care ward and to offer further health education for the primary caregivers of home care centers.

Around 14,000 men in New Zealand are the primary caregiver for their children, yet little recent research has focused on this phenomenon. Seventy fathers were recruited from the community, consisting of 35 primary-caregiving fathers, and 35 secondary-caregiving fathers. Participants completed a variety of measures which gathered data about their developmental history, personal characteristics, marital relationship, work and economic factors, social network factors, and child characteristics. Results indicated that primary-caregiving fathers earned significantly less income than secondary-caregiving fathers; were significantly more likely to identify with non-Pakeha ethnicity, and were significantly more likely to have no educational qualifications than secondary-caregiving fathers. Primary-caregiving fathers also rated their relationship with their mother as having significantly more care. Primary-caregiving status was predicted by older age of fathers, and increased parenting self-efficacy. Implications of the results are discussed, as are strengths and limitations of the study, as well as future directions for research.

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This study examined the delivery of information and services offered to grandparents who had become the primary caregivers of pre-k through third grade students to determine if the information and services were effective in decreasing chronic early absence as defined by Chang and Romero (2008). This mixed-method, multi-case study focused on the perceived needs of custodial grandparents and examined if the school system was meeting their needs through delivery of information and services. The researcher sought participation from 5 custodial grandparents who had grandchildren in pre-k, kindergarten, first, second, or third grades in a Northeast Tennessee school system and whose grandchildren had accumulated absences that met the definition of chronic early absenteeism (10% or more absences) as defined by Chang and Romero (2008). Skyward Database provided a list of families who met the aforementioned criteria. The average age of this group of grandparents was 51.8 with a range of ages from 48 to 54.The comparison group, also retrieved from the Skyward Database, included 4 custodial grandparents whose grandchildren had the highest attendance rates (top 5%). The average age of this group was 53 with a range of ages from 48 to 59. Researcher-developed questionnaires and interviews were used to determine outcomes and major findings. [a1] Major findings included 1) A Chi Squared Test determined that children in grandparent-led households were significantly more likely to meet the criteria of chronic early absence than children from parent/other guardian-led households; 2) 100% of grandparents in both groups had not heard of chronic early absence, 33% of teachers had not heard of chronic early absence, and 50% of Family Resource Center Staff had not heard of chronic early absence; 3) 47% of grandparent-led households met the criteria of chronic early absence while only 18% of parent/other guardian-led households met criteria of chronic early absence; 4) 0% of the parents were involved in the child’s life or education in the grandparent-led households while 50% of the parents were involved in the child’s life or education in parent/other guardian-led households; 5) 20% of children in grandparent-led households with chronic early absence had disciplinary actions while 100% of children in grandparent-led households with high attendance had significant disciplinary actions; and 6) Sickness was the primary reason for absences in grandparent-led families with chronic early absence; 7) A majority of grandparents in both groups used verbal communication with teachers and school staff, but written communication was preferred by each group.

El cuidador primario del paciente oncológico constituye un apoyo vital durante el proceso de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, también experimenta choques en su afectividad que le producen alteraciones en su salud integral al contemplar todo lo que padece su familiar a causa del cáncer, que ameritan investigarse. El objetivo busco describir y analizar el afrontamiento y adaptación del cuidador primario del paciente oncológico en una clínica privada del distrito de Chiclayo, 2023. La propuesta investigativa fue de tipo cualitativo, descriptivo. La población la constituyo 80 cuidadores primarios de la clínica privada Oncorad del distrito de Chiclayo. Los sujetos participantes fueron los cuidadores primarios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, La muestra se abordó como no probabilística por conveniencia y su tamaño de 12 cuidadores estuvo delimitada por saturación y redundancia. En la recolección de la información fue utilizada la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada validada por juicio de expertos. Los datos recolectados pasaron por análisis de contenido temático, sustentados en criterios éticos y de rigor científico. Se encontraron como resultados: Modos de afrontamiento del cuidador ante la protección de la vida del paciente oncológico; Modos de adaptación del cuidador primario del paciente oncológico; afrontando el futuro con chequeos preventivos y mejores estilos de vida. Conclusión: El cuidador primario experimenta muchas etapas en el trayecto del cuidado que pueden afectar no solo su psiquis, sino también su rol social y que busca ayuda, soporte e información en su familia, profesionales de salud y su creencia religiosa. / The primary caregiver of the oncology patient is a vital support during the disease process. However, they also experience shocks in their affectivity that produce alterations in their integral health when contemplating all that their family member suffers because of cancer, which merit investigation. The objective was to describe and analyze the coping and adaptation of the primary caregiver of the oncology patient in a private clinic in the district of Chiclayo, 2023. The research proposal was qualitative and descriptive. The population consisted of 80 primary caregivers of the Oncorad private clinic in the district of Chiclayo. The participating subjects were the primary caregivers who met the inclusion criteria. The sample was approached as non-probabilistic by convenience and its size of 12 caregivers was delimited by saturation and redundancy. The semi-structured interview technique validated by expert judgment was used in the collection of information. The data collected underwent thematic content analysis, based on ethical criteria and scientific rigor. The following were found as results: Ways of coping of the caregiver when facing the protection of the oncologic patient's life; Ways of adaptation of the primary caregiver of the oncologic patient; facing the future with preventive check-ups and better life styles. Conclusion: The primary caregiver experiences many stages in the caregiving journey that may affect not only their psyche, but also their social role and they seek help, support and information from their family, health professionals and their religious beliefs.

This thesis focuses on the topic of single-parent family, because this type of family, which are led only by one parent, is very relevant to our present social situation. In the context of current demographic trends related to the transformation of society in the perception of family and partner relationships, it can be assumed that their number will be continue to grow. Specifically this thesis is focused on single fathers, although many studies speaks of a certain percentage of single fathers in the Czech Republic, research on this topic has been carried out only a few times so far. For the most part, a woman is at the forefront of "incomplete" families. Single-parent family is perceived as a highly gendered experience, which is primarily related to women. The aim of this work was to find out what the experience of single parent looks like in the case of single fathers. This premise of this thesis is to explore what reasons have the fathers to choose to be single parents, what this type of commitment means for men, how they sign on their everyday life and especially how this type of primary care relates to the concept of hegemonic masculinity. Gender perspective thus provides a comprehensive insight into single-parent family and presents the perspective of the fathers themselves. For this purpose...

Thesis (LLM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / This mini-dissertation seeks to evaluate the best interests of the child as a separate factor that influences the sentencing of a primary caregiver. When a parent is in conflict with the law, the child stands to be affected sentence that the court may impose on the caregiver. A custodial sentence has the potential of affecting the child’s right to parental care. Therefore, in the event where a custodial sentence is appropriate, alternative care of the child by other persons become a possible option. The author recommends that after applying the principles articulated in S v M and making use of a child impact report; the right of the child to parental care should carry more weight. Thus, courts should duly consider the best interest of the child as an independent factor when negative effects to the child are associated with the sentence. Where appropriate, with either a non-custodial sentence or adequate alternative care (in the case of imprisonment).

When a child is diagnosed with cancer, the roles and responsibilities of family members change to accommodate the demands of the illness. The current study aimed to explore the experiences of mothers of children with cancer, focusing on their constructed roles within the family context and their social support. A case study design within the qualitative research approach was employed, underpinned by social constructionism as a theoretical framework. Three mothers were selected, using a combination of purposive and snowball sample techniques. Rich descriptive data were collected from three mothers through semi-structured interviews and reflective essays, and analysed using thematic analysis techniques. Results showed that although mothers of children with cancer experience some common themes, there are contextual differences influencing how they construct their stories. The following main themes were identified in the comparative analysis: events leading to the diagnosis, emotions, life changes, the effect of the illness and coping. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Introduction : La transition des soins pédiatriques aux soins pour adultes peut être difficile. Si elle est réalisée de façon sous-optimale, cela peut entraîner de graves conséquences. Afin de mesurer la préparation à la transition de patients adolescents et jeunes adultes (AJA), le Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) a été développé. Les objectifs de l’étude sont de 1) documenter les propriétés psychométriques de la version française du TRAQ (TRAQ-FR), 2) évaluer le degré d’accord sur le TRAQ-FR entre les AJA et leurs aidants naturels et 3) identifier les prédicteurs de la préparation à la transition. Méthodologie : Des AJA francophones (n=175) et leurs aidants naturels (n=168) ont été recrutés dans cinq cliniques d’un hôpital tertiaire canadien et ont complété le TRAQ-FR, le Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 (PedsQLTM 4.0) et un questionnaire sociodémographique. La validité du TRAQ-FR a été déterminée en réalisant des analyses factorielles confirmatoires. Les accords et différences ont été mesurés en calculant des corrélations intra-classe et des tests-t pour échantillons appariés. Des prédicteurs de la préparation à la transition ont été identifiés par des régressions multivariées. Résultats : Le modèle à cinq facteurs du TRAQ est soutenu par les données et l’échelle globale du TRAQ-FR montre une bonne cohérence interne pour les scores des AJA et des aidants naturels (a=.85-.87). Le degré d’accord absolu sur l’échelle globale du TRAQ-FR est bon entre les informants (ICC=.80; d=.25), les AJA rapportant un score plus élevé que leurs aidants naturels. L’âge et le sexe des AJA sont des prédicteurs de la préparation à la transition. Conclusion : Le TRAQ-FR a de bonnes propriétés psychométriques lorsqu’il est complété par les AJA et leurs aidants naturels. Des études futures devraient explorer la validité prédictive et l’utilisation clinique du TRAQ-FR. / Background: Transitioning from pediatric to adult healthcare can be challenging and lead to severe consequences if done suboptimally. The Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) was developed to assess adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients’ transition readiness. In this study, we aimed to 1) document the psychometric properties of the French-language version of the TRAQ (TRAQ-FR), 2) assess agreements and discrepancies between AYA patients’ and their primary caregivers’ TRAQ-FR scores, and 3) identify transition readiness contributors. Methods: French-speaking AYA patients (n=175) and primary caregivers (n=168) were recruited from five clinics in a tertiary Canadian hospital and asked to complete the TRAQ-FR, the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM 4.0 (PedsQLTM 4.0), and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The validity of the TRAQ-FR was assessed using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Agreements and discrepancies were evaluated using intra-class correlation coefficients and paired-sample t-tests. Contributors of transition readiness were identified using regression analyses. Results: The five-factor model of the TRAQ was supported, with the TRAQ-FR global scale showing good internal consistency for both AYA patients’ and primary caregivers’ scores (a=.85- .87). AYA patients and primary caregivers showed good absolute agreement on the TRAQ-FR global scale with AYA patients scoring higher than primary caregivers (ICC=.80; d=.25). AYA patients’ age and sex were found to be contributors of transition readiness. Conclusions: The TRAQ-FR was found to have good psychometric properties when completed by both AYA patients and primary caregivers. Additional research is needed to explore the predictive validity and clinical use of the TRAQ-FR.