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信用連結債券評價—Factor Copula模型應用 / Application of Factor Copula Model on the Valuation of Credit-Linked Notes朱婉寧 Unknown Date (has links)
信用連結債券的價值主要取決於所連結資產池內的資產違約情況,因此過去有許多文獻在評價時會利用Copula模擬各資產的違約時點,或是用Factor Copula估算他們在各時點下的違約機率。而本研究以Gaussian Factor Copula模型為主軸,對資產池違約機率做估計,以得到連結該資產池的信用連結債券價值。但過去文獻較常以給定參數的方式進行評價,本研究進一步利用市場實際資料估出模型參數並加入產業因子,以期達到符合市場的效果。
本研究利用已知的違約資訊對照模型結果,發現在給定原油價格成長率、產業GDP成長率及CAPM殘差之後,使用Factor Copula模型在資產池小且違約比例過高時容易低估損失,主要原因在於各資產的違約機率並非逼近1。且模型算出的預期損失會隨著距今時間變長而增加,但若資產池實際上沒有更多違約公司,模型的結果就可能會高估損失。而所有的變數又以參考價差對該商品價值的影響最大,因參考價差的數值取決於該公司的信用評等,因此可知信用連結債券價值主要還是與各公司信評有最大相關。 / The value of credit linked notes depends on whether the reference entities in the linked asset pool default or not, so some previous studies used Copula model to simulate the times to default or Factor Copula model to get the default probability. In this paper, with the Gaussian Factor Copula model adopted and industry factors taken into account, the default probability is estimated in order to obtain the value of the credit linked notes. Then, unlike other previous studies using the given parameters, this paper evaluated the parameters by using the model as well as market data, hoping to achieve the goal that results can reflect the real market situation.
With real default information compared with the modeling results, three findings can be drawn given the growth rate of oil price, the growth rate of industrial GDP and the residuals of CAPM. First, the loss will be underestimated if the asset pool is small and the default proportion is too high mainly because not all the default probability approximates one. Second, expected default probability will be directly proportional to the time period between the present and the expected moment. So if there are not so many defaulting companies, then the loss might be overestimated. Last, the reference spread has the most impact on the product value among all the variables, and as we know, the reference spread of a company depends on its credit rating. Therefore, compared with other factors, credit rating remains the most essential to credit linked notes.
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在Variance Gamma分配下信用連結債券評價模型 / Valuation of a Credit Linked Note on the Implementation of the Variance Gamma Distribution宋彥傑, Song, Yen Jieh Unknown Date (has links)
本論文在Li(2000)的Gaussian Copula的背景之下,將資產價值服從常態分配的假設改為服從Variance Gamma分配,利用Copula模型模擬債權群組內各個標的資產的違約時點,並利用蒙地卡羅抽取亂數的方法,取平均之後求得信用連結債券所連結的資產債權組合價值。除此之外,本論文比較假設資產價值服從常態分配、Student t分配和Variance Gamma分配下,計算求得的資產池價值。實證結果顯示,假設服從Variance Gamma分配最接近市場的真實違約資料。這是由於Variance Gamma分配具備Student t分配的厚尾性質,能有效捕捉常態分配缺少的尾端損失機率,並可調整偏態係數和峰態係數,可以求出更接近市場價值的評價結果。最後,在敏感度分析方面,改變影響資產池價值的兩大因子:平均違約回收率和資產間相關係數。結果顯示,當平均違約回收率高於0.7時,相關係數越高的債權群組,其資產池價值亦越高。若平均違約回收率越低且資產間相關係數越高的話,越容易出現一起違約的現象,因此資產池價值會下降。因此投資人在挑選信用連結債券時,應注意所連結的標的資產群組內資產報酬的相關性,最好避免相關性高的資產群組,以免金融海嘯來臨的時候,多個資產同時違約的情形發生。
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