The Subtext project seeks to make programming fundamentally easier by altering the nature of programming languages and tools. This paper defines an operational semantics for an essential subset of the Subtext language. It also presents a fresh approach to the problems of mutable state, I/O, and concurrency.Inclusions reify copy & paste edits into persistent relationships that propagate changes from their source into their destination. Inclusions formulate a programming language in which there is no distinction between a program’s representation and its execution. Like spreadsheets, programs are live executions within a persistent runtime, and programming is direct manipulation of these executions via a graphical user interface. There is no need to encode programs into source text.Mutation of state is effected by the computation of hypothetical recursive variants of the state, which can then be lifted into new versions of the state. Transactional concurrency is based upon queued single-threaded execution. Speculative execution of queued hypotheticals provides concurrency as a semantically transparent implementation optimization.

The copy-and-paste paradigm is a fundamental operation in graphical user interfaces. However, existing copy-and-paste techniques have limitations, in particular in terms of efficiency and robustness against interruptions. This thesis is focusing on improving the user interface used to copy-and-paste objects across different contexts, such as a series folders. To improve this fundamental operation, a new copy-and-paste technique, called Bag-and-Dump, is proposed, implemented and evaluated. Bag-and-Dump aims to substantially reduce mouse movement by allowing the user to gather up (‘bag’) source data across different folders before ‘dumping’ the whole load at the destination. Additionally, Bag-and-Dump provides constant visual feedback in the form of a bag-like semantic cursor to increase robustness against interruptions. Bag-and-Dump was eval- uated against two standard copy-and-paste techniques (Keyboard Shortcuts and Drag-and-Drop) under a different number of contexts (folders) and with and without inter- ruptions. Results from the experiment not only showed that Bag-and-Dump indeed significantly reduces mouse movement, it also confirmed that Bag-and-Dump was 9% faster than Keyboard Shortcuts, one of the most popular copy-paste techniques among “expert users”.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:12:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovani Pagliusi Lobato e Moura.pdf: 1595970 bytes, checksum: 7be1c9d3b20354f96fcb6b7ad7d7e28f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This Masters Dissertation proposes to analyze the compound command copy and paste of the operational keyboard. Mapping the factors involved in the procedure contextualizes its origins, its main aspects, and the way in which copy and paste plays an important role in shaping and organizing thought in today s society through the convergence of communication and information technologies. The scope of this investigation, of a solely theoretical nature, comprises examples that do not include digital networks, thus enabling us to recognize some of the features of copy and paste that are not exclusively part of the current interactive movement. A strategic presentation of copy and paste in the cybercultural domain is then introduced as a potentiating instrument of behavior that leads to thinking along the lines of current virtual patterns. The research problem consists of the following questions: What are the factors that favor the inclination to use this command? Can a person use copy and paste as a factor of accessibility that suggests a kind of thinking unlike the other existing types? Or does copy and paste propose a shortcut whereby some categories of thought are suspended in favor of others? What are these categories? As its primary hypothesis, this study considers that thought is transformed insofar as social relations tend towards a necessarily instrumental and hybrid perspective endorsed by emergent technological discoveries. The study materializes a theoretical reflection about the possible changes that thinking undergoes when using copy and paste resources. The routes that are followed here propose the existence of a thought process parallel to traditional discursive thought. A type of thinking driven by rapid and image-related strategies emerges in the relationship between the subject and computing processes, based on simplifying aspects that favor a considerably more contemplative reflection of the object. It is a thought process that has developed from a civilizatory logic in which evolutionary patterns must be considered that simultaneously involve the current status of society, of history and of the subject. Since there is no specific theory about cyberspacerelated operational commands, the rationale of this research focused on theoretical proposals founded upon the category of critique consolidated in the last few decades, based on the following authors: Jean-François Lyotard, Fredric Jameson and Krishan Kumar (postmodernity), Paul Virilio (dromology), Eugênio Trivinho (cybercultural dromocracy), Philippe Breton (communication as a utopistic value), Flusser (surface thinking) and Jean Baudrillard (consumption and excess) / A presente Dissertação de Mestrado destina-se à análise do comando composto copiar e colar do teclado operacional. Por meio de um mapeamento dos fatores envolvidos no procedimento, cumpre-se a contextualização de suas origens, de seus principais aspectos e a maneira como o copiar e colar assume um papel importante na modulação e na organização do pensamento na sociedade atual, configurada pela convergência entre a comunicação e tecnologias informáticas. O arco de investigação, de natureza exclusivamente teórica, integra exemplos nos quais as redes digitais não entram em cena, justamente para reconhecermos algumas características do copiar e colar que não são exclusivas do movimento interativo atual. Posteriormente, o copiar e colar é estrategicamente apresentado, já na esfera cibercultural, como instrumento potencializador de condutas, situação que inclina o pensamento a entrar em consonância com os moldes virtuais correntes. O problema de pesquisa reside nos seguintes questionamentos: Quais fatores favorecem uma determinada disposição de uso do comando? O sujeito pode assumir o copiar e colar como um fator de acessibilidade que sugere um gênero de pensamento diferente dos outros existentes? Ou o copiar e colar propõe um atalho em que algumas categorias do pensamento são suspensas em prol do advento de outras? Quais? Como hipótese principal, o estudo considera que o pensamento é transformado na medida em que as relações sociais se inclinam a uma perspectiva necessariamente instrumental e híbrida, sancionada pelas descobertas tecnológicas emergenciais. O estudo materializou uma reflexão teórica focando as possíveis transformações que o pensamento acaba por sofrer ao usar o copiar e colar . Os caminhos percorridos propõem a existência de um pensamento paralelo ao tradicional discursivo. Na relação entre sujeito e processos informáticos, nasce um tipo de pensamento orientado por estratégias velozes e imagéticas baseado em aspectos simplificadores que favorecem uma reflexão substancialmente mais contemplativa do objeto. Trata-se de um pensamento desenvolvido sob uma lógica civilizatória na qual devemos considerar padrões evolutivos que envolvem, simultaneamente, o estado da sociedade atual, da história e do sujeito. Por não haver uma teoria específica sobre comandos operacionais vinculados ao ciberespaço, a fundamentação da pesquisa privilegiou propostas teóricas baseadas na categoria da critica e consolidadas nas últimas décadas, com base nos seguintes autores: Jean-François Lyotard, Fredric Jameson e Krishan Kumar (pós-modernidade); Paul Virilio (dromologia); Eugênio Trivinho (dromocracia cibercultural); Philippe Breton (comunicação como valor utópico); Vilém Flusser (pensamento em superfície) e Jean Baudrillard (consumo e excesso)