Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1983. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-98).

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nebraska--Lincoln, 2004. / PDF text: [2] leaves abstract, vii, 83 leaves dissertation : ill. (some col.). Site viewed on Jan. 25, 2005. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-74 of dissertation).

Bandura s (1986) Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) embraces an interactional model of causation in which environmental events, personal factors and behaviour all operate as interacting determinants of each other. This study aims to develop a model that predicts and explains incidents of unauthorised copying of software using SCT. To do this, the current study explored the relationship between attitudes, self-efficacy and social norms, with an individual s intention to copy software illegally. In addition, moral disengagement was considered as a mediator of the relationship. The study was conducted within one medium-sized South African Information Technology (IT) organisation, and one department of a large South African production organisation, within the surrounding Johannesburg area. In addition, a sample was also collected from four Zambian banking industries. The researcher received responses from 217 participants from across the organisations. Firstly the relationship between attitudes, self-efficacy and social norms with regard to intentions were analysed, by using correlations. The results of the correlation indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between each of the variables and intention to the unauthorised copying of software. The model predicted by the researcher is then tested empirically according to Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results of the SEM presented the researcher with four models, which will each be discussed independently, as well as suggesting the model that best fits the data. A discussion of the findings is presented, in addition to the limitations of the study and possible recommendations for improvement.

Different researchers commit themselves to differing hypotheses when addressing the relationship between attitudes to unauthorised copying of software and the level of moral development. Some concentrate on moral intensity, others on moral judgement and still others on ethical decision-making. Some researchers assert that no one single hypothesis is correct but that certain hypotheses will be true under certain conditions. The idea that there is no single correct hypothesis has paved the way for the consideration of moderator variables of the attitudes to unauthorised copying of software and the level of moral development relationship. One variable in particular, that is, the Knowledge of Intellectual Property laws, has not yet been empirically examined in terms of its capacity as a moderator for this relationship. This exploratory, non-experimental, cross-sectional design explores the relationship between attitudes to unauthorised copying of software and the level of moral development as well as the effect of Knowledge of Intellectual Property laws on this relationship. A questionnaire was distributed to three medium-sized organisations in the Johannesburg area. The questionnaire consisted of a biographical blank and three different scales. The biographical blank was used as a means of examining the computer background of the respondents whilst the scales measured respondent attitudes to unauthorised copying of software, levels of moral development and respondent knowledge of Intellectual Property laws. The researcher received responses from 150 respondents from across the three organisations. It was with these 150 responses that two types of analyses were conducted. The initial analysis was a Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation which was used to determine the nature of the relationship between attitudes to unauthorised copying of software and level of moral development. The second analysis was a moderated multiple regression which was used to determine the moderator impact of Knowledge of Intellectual Property laws on the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The results of the correlation indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between the respondents’ attitudes to unauthorised copying of software and the level of moral development. Additionally, there are significant relationships between each measured level of moral development with the respondents’ attitudes. The moderated multiple linear regression revealed that Knowledge of Intellectual Property laws does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between attitudes to unauthorised copying of software. A discussion of these findings is included together with limitations and practical implications of the study as well as recommendations for future research.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references.

The factors determining fuse quality in hot-roll toner fixing, namely, toner and paper surface properties and machine conditions were examined. The SEM observation of the fixing states and the tape peeling test failure states showed the direct relation between the fuse quality and the toner fixing states. A physical fusing model was employed to explain the change in the shape of toner particles during the fixing process. The non-uniform fixing states were categorized into three levels. The first group comprised unmelted or only marginally melted toner particles which were weakly adhering to a paper surface and thus in a very early stage in the fusing model. The second group was composed of several combined toner particles in the middle point of the fusing model. The third group was made up of well sintered and spread toner particles called islands. These were strongly adhered to a paper surface and did not peel off by the tape test. The effect of heat and pressure on the fuse quality was to put forward the non-uniform fixing states toward the end of the fusing model giving rise to a better fuse quality. Toner surface tension measurements by a sink-float method indicated a broad distribution from 23 to 38 dyne/cm. This result was supported by ESCA data showing a clear difference in surface chemical composition of nitrogen between the high and low surface tension components of the toner. The broad range of toner surface tension could be one of the causes of the non-uniform fixing states. Paper properties, roughness and spreading also played key roles in toner fixing. The better fuse quality with the smoother paper surface was explained by a proposed model developed from paper surface roughness analysis data obtained by a traversing stylus and the knowledge of toner particle size by SEM. Differences in spreading ability of paper were responsible for observed differences in the fuse quality of paper samples at the same paper roughness. Greater spreading led to better fuse quality by obtaining more intimate contact of toner melt and paper. ESCA analyses of paper and toner surfaces suggest that spreading followed by adhesion is due to the interaction between paper and toner polar groups. / M.S.

Vergütungspflicht bei der Vervielfältigung von Urheberwerken - die tschechische und deutsche Regelung im europäischen Kontext Abstrakt Die Vervielfältigung zu privaten Zwecken ist eine der Schranken vom Recht des Urhebers, das Werk zu nutzen. Auf der Grundlage eines Konzepts, das in den 1960er Jahren in Deutschland entstanden ist, ist eine solche Vervielfältigung nur dann möglich, wenn dem Urheber für einen solchen Eingriff in seine wirtschaftlichen Interessen Vergütung gewährt wird. Wie auch in anderen Bereichen des Urheberrechts ist es auch im Falle des Systems der Vergütungen notwendig, ein Gleichgewicht zwischen den Interessen des Urhebers und der gesamten Gesellschaft zu finden. Ein weiteres typisches Zeichen im Zusammenahng mit dem Institut der Vergütungen ist die technologische Entwicklung, die auch der Motor bei der Einführung des Systems der Vergütungen in den 1960er Jahren war. Die Arbeit widmet sich im ersten Kapitel den Gründen für die Einführung des Systems der Vergütungen und den Möglichkeiten seiner Ausgestaltung. Das heißt der Einführung der Vergütungspflicht im Zusammenhang mit bestimmten Geräten, Trägern und dem Angebot einiger Dienstleistungen zu zahlen. Der Problematik der Vergütung wird eine große Aufmerksamkeit sowohl seitens der Fach- wie seitens der breiten Öffentlichkeit gewidmet -...

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