Orientador: João Sinézio de Carvalho Campos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T16:49:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sena_HildoCostade_M.pdf: 22003439 bytes, checksum: 1eca2b2806567e926cea6f94abd18776 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho avalia o efeito do tratamento por descarga corona em temperatura ambiente e acima para promover aumento da energia de superfície em filmes de polipropileno (PP). Submeteram-se amostras de polipropileno ao tratamento corona em sistema com geometria ponta-plano e utilizou-se de tensão de polarização dos eletrodos em 5kV . Avaliaram-se os efeitos do tratamento corona através de medidas de ângulo de contato pelo método da gota séssil, em função dos parâmetros: tempo de tratamento corona (2s a 90s), temperatura das amostras de polipropileno (25_C e 55_C) e distância entre os eletrodos (3mm e 5mm). Os resultados indicam influência significativa do tempo de tratamento corona e da distância intereletrodos. Ademais, o tratamento corona aumenta a energia de superfície dos filmes observada através da diminuição do valor do ângulo de contato entre amostra e gota d'água (inicialmente 88_ sem tratamento e 50_ após corona com 3mm de distância entre os eletrodos). Dentre os parâmetros e condições estudadas a temperatura não apresenta influência nos valores de ângulo de contato a fim de mudar a energia de superfície dos filmes. Em adição as medidas de ângulo de contato, medem-se propriedades físico-químicas da superfície do PP através da obtenção dos espectros dos filmes por espectrometria de infravermelho com transformações de Fourier (FT-IR) e de micrografias obtidas por microscopia eletrônica exploratória (MEV). A energia de superfície (antes e após tratamento corona) foi determinada utilizando-se os seguintes métodos: tensão superficial crítica (c), equação de estado (EE) e as aproximações de Owens/ Wendt (OW), Wu (Wu) e van Oss/ Chaudhury/ Good (VCG). A partir destes métodos encontra-se que: foram observadas diferenças entre os espectros de FT-IR obtidos nas diferentes condições de tratamento estudadas quando associadas a modificação por corona sob temperatura acima da ambiente (55_C _ 2_C). Alterações na topografia dos filmes de PP foram observadas após tratamento por descarga corona através da formação de grânulos, depressões, eriçamento e protuberâncias na superfície destes. Melhorias na energia livre superficial dos filmes de PP foram observadas após tratamento corona e variou aproximadamente de 36,9mN=m para 47,9mN=m em filmes sem tratamento superficial e após 10s de tratamento por descarga corona quando determinada através da aproximação de VCG, respectivamente / Abstract: The present study evaluates the effect of corona discharge treatment at room temperature and above in order to promote an increase of surface energy of polypropylene films. Polypropylene samples were subjected to corona treatment in tip-plane geometry system using bias voltage of 5kV between the electrodes. The effects of corona treatment were assessed by contact angle measurements using the sessile drop method, taking in account the following parameters: corona treatment time (2s to 90s), temperature of polypropylene samples (25_C and 55_C) and distance between the electrodes (3mm and 5mm). The results indicate significant influence of treatment time and the distance between the electrodes. Moreover, the corona treatment increases the surface energy of the films which was observed by decreasing the value of the contact angle between thesample and drop of water (initially 88_ without treatment and 50_ after corona with 3mm gap between the electrodes). Among the parameters and conditions studied, the temperature does not influence the values of contact angle in order to change the surface energy of the films. In addition the measures of contact angle, were carried out measures of physicochemical properties of the PP surface by obtaining the spectra of the films by infrared spectrometry with Fourier transformed (FT-IR) and micrographs obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface energy (before and after corona treatment) was determined using the following methods: critical surface tension (c), equation of state (EE) and approaches from Owens/ Wendt (OW), Wu (Wu) and van Oss/ Chaudhury/ Good (VCG). From these methods is turning out that: there were differences between the spectra obtained at different FT-IR treatment conditions studied when associate the corona modification at above room temperature (55_C _ 2_C). Changes in the topography of the films PP were observed after treatment by corona discharge due to formation of granules, depressions, bristling and bumps on their surface. Improvements in surface free energy of the PP films were observed after corona treatment, around from about 36,9mN=m in films without surface treatment up to 47,9mN=m after 10s of corona discharge when determined by VCG approach / Mestrado / Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Orientador: João Sinézio de Carvalho Campos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T11:45:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bergamasco_DaivesArakem_M.pdf: 2473917 bytes, checksum: f246b9e27a6e46a969245f8ff3666b15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A indústria têxtil vem constantemente investindo tanto no processamento quanto na melhoria de seus produtos. Dentre a gama de materiais se destaca a seda, porém há a necessidade de adequá-la (beneficiamento) no sentido de se obter seu máximo rendimento. O presente trabalho visa apresentar resultados dos processos de degomagem e tratamento corona sobre tecidos de seda por analisar destacadas propriedades físicas tais como hidrofilidade, resistência à tração e perda de massa. Submeteram-se amostras de tecido de seda ao tradicional processo de degomagem com sabão de Marsellha e também pelo processo de tratamento corona. Posteriormente realizaram-se ensaios de hidrofilidade (medidas de ângulo de contato), resistência à tração e perda de massa. Os resultados mostram que: (i) tanto a degomagem quanto o tratamento corona promovem excelente hidrofilidade; no entanto o tempo para completa hidrofilidade é de 45 s quando tratado por corona e de 60 minutos quando por degomagem; (ii) a resistência a tração é maior com o processo corona e (iii) a perda de massa com a degomagem é em média 26% e com o processo corona é de 0,3%. Cabe ressaltar que com o processo corona praticamente não há geração de efluente em comparação com o de degomagem, o que significa outra grande vantagem para a indústria. De acordo com os resultados observam-se grandes vantagens na utilização do processo corona no que tange ao beneficiamento em tecido de seda / Abstract: The textile industry has been constantly investing in the processing and in the improvement of its products. Among the range of materials stands out silk, but there is a need to adjust it (improvement) in order to obtain their maximum efficiency. This paper presents results of degumming processes and corona treatment on silk fabrics by analyzing important physical properties such as hydrophility, tensile strength and weight loss. Underwent silk tissue samples to traditional degumming process Marsellha soap and also for the corona treating process. Subsequently took place hydrophility tests (contact angle measurements), tensile strength and weight loss. The results show that: (i) degumming and corona treatment promote excellent hydrophility; however, the time to complete hydrophility is 45 s when treated by corona and 60 minutes when a degumming; (ii) the tensile strength is higher with the corona process, and (iii) the mass loss is degumming with an average of 26% and the corona process is 0.3%. Note that with the corona process there is no generation of effluent compared to degumming, which means another advantage to the industry. According to the results, there are large advantages in using the corona process with regard to the processing of silk fabric / Mestrado / Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais / Mestra em Engenharia Química

Mémoire (M.Eng.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2001. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thesis (MEng) -- Stellenbosch University, 2014 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The electrodynamics of arbitrary, point-to-plane electrospraying geometries, were investigated in this research both analytically and numerically. Electrospraying is the process during which particles of sizes in the nanometre range are simultaneously generated and charged by means of an applied electrostatic field. A high electrostatic potential is applied to a conductive capillary needle, which overcomes the force exerted by the liquid surface tension. One of the primary limitations of this process are corona discharges. The effect of corona discharges have not been studied quantitatively, even though it is frequently reported in the electrospraying literature. The main objective of this research was to understand the corona discharge thresholds associated with electrospraying. Previously, only one theoretical, and two empirical investigations studied this phenomenon, over a time period of approximately forty years. It was clear that by better understanding these thresholds, electrospraying could be applied much more effectively. A corona discharge threshold model is proposed, using either a numerical or analytical model for the calculation of polarization fields. When compared with the experimental results of other researchers, both these two models have average relative percentage errors of approximately 15%. These are the first models proposed in the literature for the calculation of electrospraying corona thresholds. A new method to determine surface tension using electrospraying is described theoretically. In addition to this method, the calculation of corona discharge thresholds have various applications. For example, the dynamics of electrostatic ion thrusters are much better described, powder production by means of electrospraying can be optimised, and pattern generation using pulsed electrospraying cone-jets can be optimised as well. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die elektrodinamika van arbitrêre, punt-tot-vlak elektrosproei geometrieë was beide analities en numeries ondersoek in hierdie tesis. Dit is die proses waartydens nanodeeltjies gelyktydig gegenereer en elektrostaties gelaai word. Deur 'n hoë elektriese potensiaal aan te lê tot 'n geleidende kapillêr, is dit moontlik om die krag van die oppervlakte spanning te oorkom. Een van die primêre beperkings van elektrosproei is corona ontladings. Die effek van corona ontladings was nog nie kwantitatief bestudeer nie, selfs al word dit dikwels rapporteer in die elektrosproei literatuur. Die primêre doel van hierdie navorsing was om die corona ontlading drempels te verstaan wat geassosieer word met elektrosproei. In die verlede was daar nog net een teoretiese, en twee empiriese ondersoeke gewees wat hierdie verskynsel bestuur het, oor 'n tydperk van ongeveer veertig jaar. Dit was duidelik dat deur 'n beter begrip te hê van hierdie elektrosproei drempels, kan hierdie proses baie meer doeltreffend toegepas word. In hierdie tesis word 'n corona ontlading drempel model voorgestel, wat gebruik maak van 'n analitiese of numeriese model om die polarisasie velde te bereken. Wanneer vergelyk met die resultate van ander navorsers, het beide die modelle 'n gemiddelde relatiewe persentasie fout van ongeveer 15%. Hierdie is die eerste modelle wat voorgestel word vir die berekening van corona ontlading drempels. Deur gebruik te maak van elektrosproei, word 'n nuwe metode ook voorgestel om die oppervlakte spanning te bereken. In byvoeging tot hierdie, het die berekening van corona ontlading drempels vele ander toepassings. As 'n voorbeeld, die dinamika van elektrostatiese ioon stuwers word beter beskryf, en poeier produksie deur middel van elektrosproei kan optimeer word.

Orientador: João Sinézio de Carvalho Campos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T13:11:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_JoseGeraldode_M.pdf: 906811 bytes, checksum: ac36e65d7b8b81bace165c355c2d5f59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O tratamento térmico, que na indústria têxtil é mais conhecido como termofixação, é um processo muito importante para garantir a estabilidade dimensional do tecido de poliéster durante os processos de beneficiamento e no uso. Mas o processo de termofixação modifica algumas propriedades do tecido e entre elas podemos destacar: Hidrofilidade, comportamento tintorial, alongamento e ruptura. Essas propriedades são influenciadas pelas variáveis tempo e temperatura de termofixação. Nesse sentido o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as alterações proporcionadas pela termofixação nas propriedades físico-químicas do tecido de poliéster. O poliéster é um material que apresenta superfície quimicamente inerte, não porosa e com baixa energia de superfície (43 mN/m). O tratamento com descarga corona vem propor aumentar a energia de superfície, melhorar a hidrofilidade, o comportamento tintorial e a adesão do tecido termofixado e sem termofixar. Submeteram-se amostras de tecido plano de poliéster á termofixação em diversas combinações de tempo e temperatura dentro dos intervalos de 120 a 220°C e de 30 a 120 segundos. Após a termofixação mediu-se o encolhimento das amostras e submeteram-se as mesmas a testes de alongamento e ruptura. Trataram-se amostras de tecido de poliéster termofixadas e sem termofixar com descarga corona, e em seguida, submeteu-se as mesmas a testes de hidrofilidade, tingimento, estampagem, alongamento e ruptura. Observou-se que a termofixação promove encolhimento, aumento do alongamento, diminuição da hidrofilidade e da absorção de corante em tingimento de tecido de poliéster. O tratamento corona aumenta a hidrofilidade, a absorção de corante, a ancoragem de pigmentos em amostras de tecido de poliéster termofixadas e sem termofixar / Abstract: The thermal treatment, which in the textile industry is known as heat setting, is very important to ensure the dimensional stability of polyester fabric during the process of improving and use. But the process of heat setting changes some properties of the fabric and among them we can highlight: Hidrophilicity, dyeability, elongation and strength. These properties are influenced by variables dwell time and heat setting temperature. In that sense this work has as objective to analyze the changes caused by heat in the physico-chemical properties of polyester fabric. Polyester is a material that presents the surface chemically inert, non-porous and low surface energy (43 mN / m). The treatment with corona discharge is proposing to increase the surface energy, improve the hidrophilicity, dyeability and adhesion of the polyester fabric with and without heat setting. Samples of polyester plan fabric underwent to heat setting on various combinations of time and temperature within the interval between 120 to 220 ° C, from 30 to 120 seconds. After the heat setting was measured the shrinkage of the samples and underwent the samples by tests of elongation and rupture. Samples of polyester fabric with and without heat setting were treated with corona discharge and in sequence the samples were tested by hidrophilicity, dyeing and printing. The heat setting promotes shrinkage and increase the elongation of polyester fabric. It was observed that the heat setting promotes shrinkage, increase of elongation, reduction of hydrophilicity and reduction of uptake of dye in the dyeing of polyester fabric. The corona treatment increase the hydrophilicity, the absorption of dye in pad-thermofix process and the pigment anchoring in polyester fabric samples with and without heat setting / Mestrado / Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Orientador: João Sinézio de Carvalho Campos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T02:43:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Louzi_VitorCesardeAlmeida_M.pdf: 3130788 bytes, checksum: 990e3e0e872cccd2ed1287be8d2b6cf8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Fibras poliméricas sintéticas vêm sendo muito utilizadas em diversas aplicações (medicina, têxtil, etc), especialmente na forma de monofilamentos, com diversos diâmetros, devido às suas características de resistência mecânica. No entanto apresentam baixa hidrofilidade e energia livre de superfície com propriedades adesivas relativamente fracas, limitando assim suas aplicações. Com objetivo de ampliar as aplicações deste material, técnicas estão sendo desenvolvidas no sentido de melhorar estas propriedades, especialmente as de superfície. Dentre as técnicas de modificação de superfície destaca-se a descarga corona a qual pode operar em condições ambientes de temperatura e pressão, sem necessidade de agentes químicos, minimizando a geração de resíduos. Desse modo, o presente trabalho estuda os efeitos promovidos pela descarga corona em três diferentes fibras poliméricas: polipropileno (PP), politereftalato de etileno (PET) e poliamida-6 (PA-6). Amostras desses polímeros foram submetidas à descarga corona sob condições ambientes controladas. O tratamento corona foi realizado em função dos parâmetros: distância entre os eletrodos e tempo de tratamento. Após tratadas, as amostras foram submetidas às técnicas de caracterização: ângulo de contato (Método de Wilhelmy), espectroscopia no infravermelho (FT-IR/ATR), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), ensaios de tração e absorção de água. Os valores de ângulo de contato dinâmico foram reduzidos em até 29,6%, 27,9% e 18,6% para amostras de PP, PET e PA-6 tratadas, respectivamente. Os valores de energia de superfície aumentaram em 50,3%, 26% e 15% para PP, PET e PA-6. Amostras de PP, PET e PA-6 tratadas por descarga corona (4mm e 120s) apresentaram grau de absorção de água igual a 9,4%, 8,5% e 9,1%. A partir dos resultados obtidos com amostras de monofilamentos de PP, PET e PA-6, sem tratamento e após corona, pode-se concluir que o tratamento corona promove aumento da hidrofilidade e as propriedades térmicas e mecânicas não são afetadas. Palavras-chave: descarga corona, fibras têxteis, monofilamentos poliméricos, polipropileno, politereftalato de etileno, poliamida-6, propriedades de superfície, hidrofilidade, ângulo de contato / Abstract: Synthetic polymer fibers have been widely used in various applications, especially in the form of monofilament and under various diameters, due to its characteristics of mechanical resistance. However synthetic polymer fibers exhibit low hydrophilicity and surface free energy with relatively weak adhesive properties, thus limiting their applications. Aiming to expand the applications of these materials, techniques are being developed to improve these properties, especially the surface. Among modification techniques there is the corona discharge which can operate in ambient temperature and pressure, without the need for chemical agents, minimizing the generation residue. Thus, this research work studies the effects caused by the corona discharge in three different polymeric fibers: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide-6 (PA-6). Samples of these polymers were subjected to corona discharge under controlled environmental conditions. The corona treatment was performed on the basis of the parameters: distance between the electrodes and time of treatment. After treated, the samples were subjected to characterization techniques: contact angle (Wilhelmy Method), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR/ATR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile and water absorption. The dynamic contact angle values were reduced by up to 29,6%, 27,9% and 18,6% for PP, PET and PA-6 treated samples, respectively. The surface energy values increased by 50,3%, 26% and 15% for PP, PET and PA-6. PP, PET and PA-6 samples treated by corona discharge (4mm and 120s), showed the degree of water absorption equal of 9,4%, 8,5% and 9,1%. From the results obtained with samples of PP, PET and PA-6, without treatment and after treatment, can be concluded that the corona treatment enhances the hydrophilicity and the thermal and mechanical properties are not affected. Keywords: corona discharge, textile fibers, monofilament polymer, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide-6, surface properties, hydrophilicity, contact angle / Mestrado / Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and its demonstrator MeerKAT are being designed to operate over a wide frequency range and are expected to achieve greater sensitivity and resolution than existing telescopes. The radio astronomy community is well aware of the negative impact that radio frequency interference (RFI) has on observations in the proposed frequency band. This is because weak radio signals such as those from pulsars and distant galaxies are difficult to detect on their own. The presence of RFI sources in the telescope’s operating area can severely corrupt observation data, leading to inaccurate or misleading results. Power-line interference and radiation from electric fences are examples of RFI sources. Mitigation techniques for these interference sources in the SKA system’s electromagnetic environment are essential to ensure the success of this project. These techniques can be achieved with appropriate understanding of the characteristics of the noise sources. Overhead power-line interference is known to be caused mainly by corona and gap-type (commonly known as sparking noise) discharges. Sparking noise is the dominant interference for the SKA. It is mainly encountered on wooden pole lines, which are usually distribution lines operated at up to 66 kV AC in the South African network. At this voltage level, the voltage gradients on the lines are insufficient to generate conductor corona. The power requirements for SKA precursors will be below this voltage level. The aim of the research in this dissertation is to evaluate the power line sparking characteristics through measurements and simulation of line radiation and propagation characteristics. An artificially made sparking noise generator, which is mounted on a power line, is used as noise source and the radiation characteristics are measured. Measurements were carried out in different environments, which included a high-voltage laboratory (HV-Lab), a 40m test-line, and another 22-kV test line of approximately 1.5 km. The key sparking noise parameters of interest were the temporal and spectral characteristics. The time domain features considered were the pulse shape and the repetition rate. The lateral, longitudinal and height attenuation profiles were also quantified. Since sparking noise current pulses are injected or induced onto power line conductors, the line will act as an unintentional antenna. The far-field radiation characteristics of the line were evaluated through measurements on physical scale-model structures and simulations. 1/120th and 1/200th scaled lines, using an absorbing material and metallic ground planes, respectively, were simulated in FEKO. The measurements of the constructed scale models were taken in the anechoic chamber. Both measurements and simulations showed that the line exhibits an end-fire antenna pattern mode. Line length, pulse injection point and line configuration were some of the parameters found to affect the radiation patterns. The findings from this study are used to determine techniques to identify the sparking noise, and locate and correct the sources when they occur on the line hardware. Appropriate equipment is recommended to be used for the location and correction of sparking noise. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Vierkante Kilometer Reeks (SKA) en sy demonstrasie projek, die Karoo Reeks Teleskoop (KAT), word ontwerp om oor 'n wye frekwensie-bereik te funksioneer. Beide sal na verwagting beter sensitiwiteit en resolusie as bestaande radioteleskope he. Die radio-astronomie-gemeenskap is deeglik bewus van die negatiewe impak wat radio-frekwensie steurnisse (RFS) op waarnemings in die voorgestelde frekwensieband het. Die rede hiervoor is dat swak radio-seine soos die van pulsars en verafgelee sterrestelsels inherent moeilik is om te bepaal. Die teenwoordigheid van RFS bronne in die teleskoop se onmiddellike operasionele gebied kan waarnemings nadelig beinvloed. Dit lei uiteindelik tot onakkurate of misleidende resultate. Kraglyne en uitstralings van elektriese heinings is voorbeelde van RFS bronne. Metodes om die oorsake van die steurnisse van die SKA se elektromagnetiese omgewing te verminder is noodsaaklik om die sukses van hierdie projekt te verseker. Dit vereis egter deeglike begrip van die eienskappe van hierdie bronne. Steurnisse as gevolg van oorhoofse kraglyne word hoofsaaklik veroorsaak deur korona en gapingtipe ontladings (algemeen bekend as vonkontladings). Vonkontladings word hier beskou as die belangrikste oorsaak van steurnisse vir die SKA. Dit word in die Suid-Afrikaanse netwerk hoofsaaklik aangetref op houtpaal-installasies, wat gewoonlik bestaan uit distribusie lyne wat tot en met 66 kV wisselstroom (WS) bedryf word. By hierdie operasionele spanning is die spanningsgradient op die lyn onvoldoende om korona op te wek. Die kragvereistes vir die SKA se voorafgaande projekte sal sodanig wees dat hierdie spanningsvlak nie oorskry sal word nie. Die doel van die navorsing omskryf in hierdie proefskrif is om die eienskappe van vonkontladings rondom kraglyne te evalueer. Dit word gedoen met behulp van metings en simulasies van uitstralings- en voortplantingspatrone wat met 'n spesifieke lyn geassosieer kan word. 'n Kunsmatige vonkontladingsopwekker word op 'n kraglyn geplaas en dien as bron om die uitstralingspatrone te meet. Metings is uitgevoer in verskillende omgewings, insluitende 'n hoogspanningslaboratorium (HV-Lab), 'n 40 m toetslyn en 'n 22 kV WS toetslyn van ongeveer 1.5 km lank. Die hoof vonkontladings eienskappe van belang is die temporale en spektrale eienskappe. Die tydgebiedeienskappe wat ondersoek is, is die pulsvorm asook die pulsherhalingskoers. Die laterale, longitudinale en hoogte-attenuasie profiele word ook gekwantifiseer. Aangesien stroompulse deur vonkontladings op die kraglyn geplaas of geinduseer word, sal die lyn as 'n ongewenste antenna optree. Die ver-veld uitstralingskenmerke van die lyn is ook geëvalueer deur gebruik te maak van fisiese skaalmodelstrukture en -simulasies. 1/120ste en 1/200ste geskaleerde lynmodelle, wat onderskeidelik 'n absorberende- en metaalgrondvlak bevat, was gebruik om 'n 3 spanlengte kraglyn te simuleer met behulp van FEKO. Metings van die fisiese skaalmodel strukture is in 'n anegoise kamer geneem. Beide die metings en die simulasies toon dat die lyn 'n endpunt uitstralingspatroon het. Lynlengte, die opwekkingsposisie van die stroompuls en die lynkonfigurasie is 'n paar van die parameters wat die uitstralingpatroon beïnvloed, soos in die navorsing aangedui. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie word gebruik om steurnisse as gevolg van vonkontladings op die kraglyn te identifiseer, op te spoor en uiteindelik reg te stel. Toepaslike toerusting word voorgestel wat gebruik kan word vir die identifisering en opsporing van vonkontladings.

Mémoire (M.Sc.A)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Mémoire (M.Eng.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1994. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thèse (M.Eng.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2003. / Bibliogr.: f. [98]-105. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU