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Bakgrund: En kranskärlsoperation är ett behandlingsalternativ till dem som har en kranskärlssjukdom. Den utförs främst vid komplicerade fall och innebär att med nya kärl skapa en förbindelse förbi det förkalkade kranskärlet runt hjärtat. Operationen är stor och påfrestande, och innebär flera förändringar i livet.   Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att belysa patienters erfarenheter av att ha genomgått en kranskärlsoperation.   Metod: En litteraturstudie utfördes genom att granska 10 vetenskapliga kvalitativa studier som stödjer författarnas syfte. Studierna analyserades och sammanställdes till ett resultat.   Resultat: Operationen påverkade deltagarna och deras återhämtning på olika sätt. Besvärliga kroppsliga symtom kunde visa sig under återhämtningen. Många tankar och funderingar väcktes som skapade oro och rädsla. Stöd och information hade en betydande roll och operationen krävde livsstilsförändringar som kunde vara svåra att anpassa sig till.   Konklusion: Brist på information och avsaknad av länk till sjukhuset efter utskrivning, ledde till rädsla och oro vilket skapade en otrygghet. Ytterligare forskning om stöd och information behövs för att kunna hjälpa och tillfredsställa patienters behov.

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Background: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) surgery is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures to improve the symptoms of coronary artery disease. The Long Saphenous Vein (LSV) is typically used as a graft to bypass the blocked coronary arteries. The traditional way of harvesting the LSV is to make a long skin incision in the patient's leg. This technique has a high rate of incidence of wound complications and postoperative pain and poorer patient satisfaction. Endoscopic Vein Harvesting (EVH) techniques, introduced more than a decade ago, reduce these complications and improve quality of life. Findings regarding the safety and efficacy of EVH techniques and the quality of the vessel harvested by this technique are contradictory. Adoption of EVH techniques is still inconsistent globally and it is not completely accepted by all cardiac centres. Many studies are available in the literature measuring either histological outcome or clinical outcome in relation to different harvesting techniques. However, there remains no definitive randomised data available directly correlating harvesting-induced vein damage with clinical outcome. The aim of this Vein Integrity and Clinical Outcome (VICO) randomised trial was designed to assess the direct relationship between the histological damage caused during different methods of vein harvesting and clinical outcome post coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods: 100 patients were randomised in each group: Group 1 consists of closed tunnel CO2 endoscopic vein harvesting (EVH) (CT-EVH) and Group 2 consists of open tunnel CO2 EVH (OT-EVH) with the control Group 3 consists of standard open vein harvesting (OVH) with a total of 300 patients in this study. All the veins were harvested by an experienced practitioner who has performed &gt;2000 OVH and &gt;250 EVH. 1cm x 3 segments from three different parts of the vein were obtained for all patients (n=900). The histological levels of damage (endothelial and muscular layers) of the harvested vein and post clinical outcome for Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) were measured using validated measuring tools. Health economic (cost effectiveness, EQ-5D) and health-related quality of life (SF-36) data were also recorded to assess the impact of these surgical techniques. Results: The level of endothelial disruption was greatest in the OT-EVH group in the proximal, distal and random samples (all p < 0.001). Internal muscle migration was greatest in OT-EVH compared to the other groups for proximal, distal and random samples (all p < 0.001). Smooth muscle circular layer detachment was observed on a much greater scale in the endoscopic groups compared to OVH in proximal (p=0.008), distal (p < 0.001) and random (p=0.001). Smooth muscle longitudinal layer detachment was consistent between groups in proximal (p=0.113) and distal (p=0.380) samples but was greater in endoscopic groups compared to OVH (p=0.012). Secondary clinical outcomes demonstrated no significant differences in composite MACE scores at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. The quality adjusted life in years (QALYs) gain per patient was: 0.11 (p < 0.001) for closed tunnel CO2 EVH and 0.07 (p=0.003) for open tunnel CO2 EVH compared with open vein harvesting. The likelihood of being cost-effective, at a pre-defined threshold of £20,000 per QALYs gained was: 75% for closed tunnel EVH, 19% for open tunnel EVH and 6% for open vein harvesting. Conclusion: In this study, open vein harvesting was associated with better preservation of vein layers in non-distended proximal samples than endoscopic vein harvesting. Both EVH groups displayed some degree of histological damage; OT-EVH was associated with more endothelial disruption. Clinical outcomes suggest that histological findings do not directly contribute to MACE outcomes. Gains in health status were observed and cost-effectiveness was better with CT-EVH compared with the other two surgical techniques. These results suggest that EVH can be utilised safely, but with careful selection of patients.

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Die hier vorliegende Studie stellt die Früh- und Langzeitergebnisse der chirurgischen Vorhofablation zur Behandlung des ischämischen Vorhofflimmerns (VHF) in Kombination mit einer aortokoronaren Bypass-Anlage vor. Dabei wurden die epikardiale Pulmonalvenenisolation mittels Radiofrequenzenergie (RF) und die endokardiale Kryoablation inklusive einer Box-Läsion und Mitralisthmuslinie miteinander verglichen. Im Zeitraum von 2002 bis 2009 wurden die prä- und postoperativen Daten von 262 Patienten mit paroxysmalem oder lang-persistierendem VHF prospektiv erhoben und anschließend eine Nachbeobachtung von durchschnittlich 2,30 Jahren durchgeführt. Die Kryoablation war im Vergleich zur RF-Ablation mit einer signifikant höheren perioperativen Invasivität und Morbidität verbunden. Die Operations- und Ischämiezeit sowie die postoperative intensivmedizinische Betreuung waren nach der Kryoablation signifikant länger. Die Rate an Schrittmacherimplantationen (4,8 % vs. 0,0 %), kardialen bzw. zerebralen Komplikationen (22,9 % vs. 12,3 %) und die Krankenhausmortalität (8,4 % vs. 2,2 %) lagen ebenfalls signifikant höher. Hingegen waren die Langzeitergebnisse ohne signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Ablationsmethoden. Sowohl das Überleben (81,9 % vs. 86,0 %) als auch die Konversionsrate in den Sinusrhythmus (55,6 % vs. 61,5 %), die Lebensqualität der Patienten und die Komplikations- und Reinterventionsraten zeigten im Langzeitverlauf vergleichbare Ergebnisse. Auf der Basis der oben erhobenen Befunde kann die endokardiale Kryoablation nicht als Standardverfahren zur Therapie des paroxysmalen und lang-persistierenden ischämischen VHFs begleitend zu einer aortokoronaren Bypass-Anlage empfohlen werden. Die epikardiale RF-Ablation ist hier aufgrund der geringeren operativen Invasivität bei vergleichbaren Früh- und Langzeitergebnissen der endokardialen Ablation vorzuziehen.

Background: Cellular cardiomyoplasty is the method of transplanting myogenic cells into injured myocardium to restore the lost heart muscle cells and to improve ventricular function. Method: Three patients, all with a history of coronary heart disease, underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and implantation of autologous satellite cells. A muscle biopsy of 2-4 g from the right vastus lateralis muscle was obtained for satellite cell (myogenic stem cell from skeletal muscle) isolation and proliferation before implanted into the donor's heart. The cells were suspended in serum-free medium and injected into 30-40 sites at and around the ischemic areas just before reversing the hypothermic cardioplegia to eliminate arrhythmia and to improve retention. After recovery, each patient was maintained at the intensive care unit for 3-4 days with ECG monitoring before transferring to the patient floor. Results: All patients survived the procedure with an uneventful recovery and were discharged from the hospital. At 3-4 months follow-up examination, increased left ventricular ejection fraction of 11% (35-46%), 5.4% (40-45.4%) and 1% (40-41%) and decreased left ventricular diastolic diameter of 4, 2 and 9 mm were observed for the patients, respectively. Arrhythmia was not detected during the follow-up evaluation by ECG. Improved perfusion (99mTC-MIBI) and increased metabolic activity (18F-deoxyglucose) were found at the sites of satellite cell implantation. Significant increase of wall thickness and movement at the areas of cell injection was also observed using 2D-echo. Conclusion: Cellular cardiomyoplasty using autologous satellite cells is a safe procedure with encouraging beneficial outcomes in patients.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13050号 / 論医博第2116号 / 新制||医||1017(附属図書館) / 33140 / (主査)教授 柳田 素子, 教授 長船 健二, 教授 福原 俊一 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The American Heart Association (2006) has identified cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death in the United States for every year except 1918 since 1900. Cardiac surgery is an increasingly common method of treating this problem (Contrada, Goyal, Cather, Rafalson, Idler et al. , 2004). Researchers have found that depression is associated with serious complications related to cardiac surgery (Connemey, Shapiro, McLaughlin, Bagiella, & Sloan, 2001 ). Many researchers have identified factors associated with depression in these patients. The purpose of this thesis was to identify and synthesize these current research findings. Studies included were published from 1997-2006 and focused on male and female patients 18 years of age and older, primarily undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). The synthesis of these findings includes both the factors associated with developing depression and the complications associated with depression. Common factors associated with its development included female gender, lower socioeconomic status, pessimism, and poorer cognitive and physical functioning. Complications associated with depression included decreased physical functioning, healing, and cognitive functioning, as well as increased hospital stays, readmissions, cardiac events, and mortality. The associated factors may help to identify patients at high risk for developing depression, while the complications emphasize its importance. Limitations were acknowledged and recommendations for nursing research, education, and practice are included.