Submitted by Maria Paola Ometto (paolaometto@hotmail.com) on 2014-10-02T03:18:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 OMETTO, MP 2014 Implicit Corporate Political Activity and Elite Formation.pdf: 900307 bytes, checksum: 79735858f1d84de1cf2b623c0149cf16 (MD5) / Rejected by PAMELA BELTRAN TONSA (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Bom dia Maria Paola. Conforme as Normas APA/ABNT, é necessário fazer alguns ajustes para que possamos dar andamento ao seu processo. *A numeração das paginas devem aparecer a partir do sumário. *Terceira folha deve ser a ficha catalográfica; *Quarta folha deve ser a composição da Banca; *Quinta folha - agradecimento (inglês) a palavra deve estar centralizada na folha. *Sexta folha deve ser o Abstract (a palavra deve estar centralizada) *Sétima folha - deve conter o resumo em português (a palavra deve estar centralizada). Em normas é necessário que tenham 2 línguas, neste caso inglês e deve ter o português. Qualquer duvida estamos a disposição. Pâmela Tonsa 3799-7852 on 2014-10-02T10:33:31Z (GMT) / Submitted by Maria Paola Ometto (paolaometto@hotmail.com) on 2014-10-02T15:39:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 OMETTO, MP 2014 Implicit Corporate Political Activity and Elite Formation.pdf: 906209 bytes, checksum: 6c651af23b68230e19ad207b18e95728 (MD5) / Rejected by PAMELA BELTRAN TONSA (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Boa tarde Maria Paola, Infelizmente imprimi a folha e realmente esta em azul o testo do RESUMO. Verifique o titulo RESUMO e o texto, existe diferença. Todo deve estar em PRETO. Favor submeter novamente. Att, Pâmela Tonsa 3799-7852 on 2014-10-06T19:53:30Z (GMT) / Submitted by Maria Paola Ometto (paolaometto@hotmail.com) on 2014-10-07T16:28:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 OMETTO, MP 2014 Implicit Corporate Political Activity and Elite Formation.pdf: 905981 bytes, checksum: c85c9334e69eb77503315b325c19bbea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by PAMELA BELTRAN TONSA (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2014-10-07T17:10:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 OMETTO, MP 2014 Implicit Corporate Political Activity and Elite Formation.pdf: 905981 bytes, checksum: c85c9334e69eb77503315b325c19bbea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-07T18:51:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OMETTO, MP 2014 Implicit Corporate Political Activity and Elite Formation.pdf: 905981 bytes, checksum: c85c9334e69eb77503315b325c19bbea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-25 / In this thesis, we analyze how a progressive business elite created the civil society organization Rede Nossa São Paulo (RNSP), achieving significant institutional changes, thus enabling the elite’s consolidation in the political sphere. The research yielded three articles. The first article discusses how RNSP became a strong political actor in the City of São Paulo and also in Brazil. To address this issue, we applied historical constructs to show how RNSP used history to become a central actor in the political sphere. In the second paper, we complement corporate political activity (CPA) theory by adding a new construct, implicit corporate political activity (ICPA), which conceptualizes how business elites together with civil society organizations can influence government. Since government, corporations and civil society organizations now have blurred boundaries; we understand that this concept is extremely important in drawing attention and creating new avenues for research in this novel environment. In the final article, we show the micro foundations of ICPA. Specifically, how business elites and corporations influence RNSP and, indirectly, government. Concluding, we contribute to the literature on how business influences government and the public sphere indirectly, through civil society organizations. Theoretically, we illuminate the literature of institutional theory, history, and power. / Nesta tese, analisamos como a elite empresarial progressista criou a organização da sociedade civil Rede Nossa São Paulo (RNSP), alcançando mudanças institucionais significativas, permitindo assim a consolidação da elite na esfera política. A pesquisa resultou em três artigos. O primeiro artigo discute como a RNSP se tornou um forte ator político na cidade de São Paulo e também no Brasil. Para abordar esta questão, mostramos como a RNSP usou a história retórica para se tornar um ator central na esfera política. No segundo artigo, propomos o conceito de atividade política corporativa implícita (ICPA), complementar a atividade política corporativa. Conceituamos ICPA como elites empresariais em conjunto com organizações da sociedade civil agindo para influenciar o governo. Com os limites entre o governo, as empresas e organizações da sociedade civil difusos; entendemos que este conceito é extremamente importante para chamar a atenção e criar novos caminhos para a pesquisa sobre a influência das empresas no governo. No último artigo, mostramos os micro fundamentos da ICPA. Especificamente, como as elites empresariais e corporações influenciam a RNSP e, indiretamente, o governo. Concluindo, contribuímos para a literatura sobre a influência das empresas no governo e na esfera pública indiretamente, por meio de organizações da sociedade civil. Teoricamente, estendemos a literatura de teoria institucional, história e poder.

Introdução - A partir da década de 1940, diversos programas de distribuição de leite foram implementados no Brasil, aliando combate à fome e à desnutrição com expansão do mercado consumidor. Na cidade de São Paulo foi implementado, em 1995, o Programa Leve Leite (PLL), com o objetivo de reduzir a desnutrição infantil e a evasão escolar mediante entrega de leite em pó a estudantes da rede pública de ensino. Em 2017, suas regras foram modificadas para priorizar crianças de primeira infância e em situação de vulnerabilidade, o que gerou debates entre diferentes setores com relação à diminuição da quantidade de beneficiários, destinação de recursos orçamentários, efetividade do programa, prejuízos sociais e ausência de participação da sociedade civil. Objetivo - Analisar se o Programa Leve Leite, do município de São Paulo, é uma política pública promotora do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada (DHAA) e da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) a partir do delineamento de seu desenho jurídico-institucional, fases, contextos e interesses. Métodos - Pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter descritivo, por meio de coleta de referências documentais e bibliográficas. O corpus reuniu 17 documentos normativos regulamentadores do PLL e documentos complementares, como discursos de prefeitos e vereadores, campanhas eleitorais, projetos de lei, notícias veiculadas pela imprensa, manifestações de famílias das crianças beneficiárias, representantes de organizações da sociedade civil, do poder público e de empresas, publicados entre os anos de 1995 e 2019. Resultados - A utilização dos modelos \'quadro de referência jurídico-institucional das políticas públicas\', \'ciclo das políticas públicas\', \'abordagem do ciclo de políticas\' e \'modelo de distopia das políticas públicas\' aplicado à alimentação e nutrição permitiu delimitar três períodos do Programa Leve Leite - \'PLL inicial\' (1995), \'PLL inicial-modificado\' (1995-2016) e \'PLL atual\' (2017-), cujas características foram descritas a partir de suas fases, modificações dos contextos em que elas se desenvolveram e interesses políticos, públicos e privados incidentes. Considerações Finais - Da forma como foi construído, o PLL não pode ser considerado uma política pública promotora do DHAA e da SAN. Apesar de buscar melhorar os índices da desnutrição infantil ou as condições de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica de crianças de primeira infância ou com deficiência, o PLL, ao longo de 24 anos, não se adaptou à institucionalização, no Brasil, de políticas que respeitam, protegem, garantem e promovem a alimentação adequada e saudável. Seu desenho jurídico-institucional o conforma como programa assistencialista e compensatório, sem previsão de intersetorialidade e de participação da sociedade civil, e permite a incidência de atividades políticas corporativas do setor produtivo leiteiro, como estratégias de marketing, lobby e ações jurídicas, e potenciais conflitos entre interesses políticos, privados e públicos. A ausência de estudos de avaliação sobre os resultados do Programa Leve Leite, em mais de duas décadas, permitiu que ele tenha permanecido vigente sujeito à vontade política e eleitoral dos prefeitos municipais. A visão processual, panorâmica e interdisciplinar apresentada pode contribuir para a construção de políticas públicas alinhadas com os princípios de DHAA e SAN, com participação social e sem conflito de interesses públicos e privados. / Introduction - From the 1940s, several milk supplement public programs were implemented in Brazil, combining hunger and malnutrition with expansion of the consumer market. In the city of São Paulo, the Programa Leve Leite (PLL) was implemented in 1995, with the objective of reducing child malnutrition and school dropout by providing milk powder to public school students. In 2017, its rules were changed to prioritize vulnerable and young children, which led to discussions among different sectors regarding the reduction in the number of beneficiaries, allocation of budget resources, program effectiveness, social losses and lack of participation. of civil society. Objective - To analyze whether Programa Leve Leite, in the city of São Paulo, is a public policy that promotes the Human Right to Adequate Food and Food and Nutrition Security from the outline of its legal-institutional design, phases, contexts and interests. Methods - Qualitative and descriptive research through the collection of documentary and bibliographic references. The corpus assembled 17 regulatory documents of PLL and supplementary documents, such as political speeches by mayors and city legislators, election campaigns, bills, news, speeches by families of beneficiary children, representatives of civil society organizations, government and companies, published between 1995 and 2019. Results - The use of models of policy analysis \'legal-institutional of public policy framework\', \'policy cycle\', \'policy cycle approach\' and \'policy dystopia\' applied to food and nutrition allowed the delimitation of three periods of the Programa Leve Leite - \'Initial PLL\' (1995), \'Initial-modified PLL\' (1995-2016) and \'Current PLL\' (2017-), whose characteristics were described from their phases, modifications of the contexts in which they have been developed and the incidence of political, public and private interests. Final Considerations - As it was built, Programa Leve Leite cannot be considered a public policy that promotes Human Right to Adequate Food and Food and Nutrition Security. Despite seeking to improve the rates of child malnutrition or the socioeconomic vulnerability of young children or children with disabilities, the public program, over 24 years, has not been adapted to the institutionalization in Brazil of policies that respect, protect, guarantee and promote healthy and adequate eating habits. Its legal-institutional design conforms it as a charitable and compensatory program, without foreseeing intersectoral and civil society participation, and allows the incidence of corporate political activities of the dairy sector, such as marketing strategies, lobbying and legal actions, and potential conflicts between political, private and public interests. The absence of evaluation studies on the results of the Programa Leve Leite in more than two decades has allowed it to remain in force subject to the political and electoral will of the municipal mayors. The procedural, panoramic and interdisciplinary view presented can contribute to the construction of public policies aligned with the principles of Human Right to Adequate Food and Food and Nutrition Security, with social participation and without conflict of public and private interests.

Au Canada, l’étude des comportements de l’industrie bioalimentaire et de leurs répercussions sur la santé des populations qu’elle dessert est un domaine très peu exploré. Or, des études démontrent que certains acteurs du secteur privé mènent des activités d’influence sur le développement des politiques publiques qui peuvent en compromettre la nature et leur mise en œuvre. La présente étude, qui s’appuie sur le processus de révision du Guide alimentaire canadien (GAC), vise à : 1) identifier les activités politiques corporatives (APC) menées par l’industrie bioalimentaire dans le processus de révision du Guide alimentaire canadien entre 2016 et 2019; et 2) analyser le discours et la position des acteurs de l’industrie par rapport aux recommandations de Santé Canada. L’échantillon se compose de onze acteurs de l’industrie bioalimentaire qui ont déposé un mémoire au Comité permanent de la santé dans le cadre de la révision du GAC. La collecte de données, qui s’est échelonnée sur six mois (octobre 2018 à mars 2019), a permis de répertorier les APC utilisées par l’échantillon sur une période de 39 mois, soit du début de l’automne 2016 jusqu’au printemps 2019. Le matériel analysé inclut les mémoires qu’ils ont déposés ainsi que leurs sites Internet respectifs. Afin de définir les APC et de les classer en fonction de leurs stratégies, de leurs pratiques et des mécanismes qu’ils emploient, nous nous sommes basés sur un cadre conceptuel du réseau INFORMAS. Nous avons par la suite repéré des éléments caractéristiques de citations, dans les APC et les discours, qui indiquent la présence de positionnement en fonctions des trois principes directeurs : une variété d’aliments et de boissons nutritifs est le fondement de la saine alimentation; les aliments et boissons transformés ou préparés riches en sodium, sucre ou lipides saturés nuisent à une saine alimentation; des connaissances et compétences sont nécessaires pour naviguer dans un environnement alimentaire complexe et favoriser une saine alimentation. Au total, 366 APC ont été identifiées en relation avec le GAC. Nous avons principalement répertorié les stratégies de gestion de l’information (n=197) et les stratégies discursives (n=108). Les données recueillies suggèrent que l’industrie bioalimentaire utilise des APC pour influencer l’élaboration de la politique du nouveau GAC. Les acteurs industriels ont exprimé une opposition aux nouvelles lignes directrices en matière d’alimentation. Les points de vue de chacun d’entre eux sur les problèmes et sur les solutions portées sur les trois principes directeurs divergent. Les intérêts économiques propres à chaque acteur forgent la vision promue par l’industrie bioalimentaire. Cette vision peut difficilement s’harmoniser avec les différentes dimensions des nouvelles lignes directrices ou avec les données probantes les plus récentes qui les appuient. Il est impératif de mieux documenter les APC qui sont susceptibles de nuire à l’adoption de mesures législatives et de limiter la capacité des gouvernements à développer des politiques nutritionnelles efficaces. / In Canada, the study of the agri-food industry’s behavior and its associated repercussions on the health of the populations it serves remains relatively unexplored. However, previous studies have shown that private sector stakeholders employ diverse strategies to influence the development of public policy. These strategies may compromise the nature and implementation of food and nutrition policies. The objectives of this research, based on the revision process of Canada’s Food Guide (CFG) aim to: (1) identify the corporate political activity (CPA) undertaken by the agri-food industry during the revision process of Canada’s Food Guide (CFG) from 2016 to 2019, and (2) analyze the position and discourse of key industry actors concerning the recommendations proposed by Health Canada. The sample is composed of eleven agri-food industry stakeholders having submitted a memorandum to the Standing Committee on Health in relation to the revision of CFG. A six- month data collection period, from October 2018 to March 2019, allowed us to identify CPAs undertaken by the sample over a 39-month period, from early autumn 2016 until spring of 2019. Materials analyzed include memoranda submitted to Cabinet as well as stakeholders’ official websites. To define the CPAs and classify them according to their strategies, their practices and the mechanisms employed, we relied upon a conceptual framework from the INFORMAS network. We then identified, within the CPAs and discourses, elements of citations indicating positioning in terms of the three guiding principles: A variety of nutritious foods and beverages are the foundation for healthy eating; Processed or prepared foods and beverages high in sodium, sugars or saturated fat undermine healthy eating; Knowledge and skills are needed to navigate the complex food environment and support healthy eating. A total of 366 CPAs were identified in relation to CFG. The primary strategies reported are information management (n=197) and discursive strategies (n=108). The data collected suggest that the agri-food industry is using CPAs to influence the policy making of the new CFG. Industry stakeholders have expressed an opposition to the new food guidelines. Each stakeholders’ point of view on the problems and solutions concerning the three guiding principles differ. The economic interests respective to each stakeholder shape the vision promoted by the food industry. This vision may be difficult to harmonize with multiple dimensions of the new guidelines, as well as with the most recent evidence supporting them. It is imperative to better document and regulate the agri-food industry’s CPAs which could interfere with the adoption of legislative measures and limit governmental capacity to develop healthy food and nutrition policies.