Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses. / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-02

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston University

No description available.

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. / Since inmates are a population disproportionately affected by HIV, correctional settings are important sites for delivering HIV services. The Maricopa county (Phoenix Area) jail system is the 4th largest in the nation. In 2011, the Maricopa County Correctional Health Service implemented an opt‐out HIV screening program for individuals booked into the Maricopa County Jails (MCJ). The aims of this study were to determine for the years 2012‐2014: • The number of inmates screened for HIV • The HIV positivity rate • The number of newly diagnosed patients • The clinical characteristics of the newly diagnosed HIV positive patients Five to seven days after booking, inmates are offered HIV screening. These laboratory records were used to determine the number of inmates tested and positivity. Prior history of previous HIV diagnosis was obtained from Maricopa public health records. Retrospective chart review of the MCJ health and case management records, including Ryan White forms, was performed to gather gender, age, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, drug use, homelessness and co‐morbidities of newly HIV‐infected persons, such as Hepatitis C and prior STDs. Categorical factors were compared between groups with the Chi‐square test. Means were compared using a standard t test. P values ≤0.05 were considered significant. A total of 319,575 persons were booked and 46,346 were screened (14.5%) for HIV during the study period. The majority of booked inmates were male (76.9%) and Caucasian (50.8%). The mean age of inmates was 36 years. There were 70 newly HIV‐diagnosed patients. Chi squared and t tests comparing newly diagnosed individuals to the general jail population revealed statistical significance for male gender (p=0.02), African American race (p=0.04), and age (p=0.003). Undiagnosed HIV, including AIDS (CD4 counts <200), is an important issue among individuals booked into the MCJ. Compared to the general jail population, HIV is more likely to be diagnosed in males rather than females, younger patients, and African‐American patients. Additionally, IV drug use, polysubstance abuse, other STDs (particularly syphilis), high risk sexual activity, Hepatitis C and homelessness were common among HIV positive patients. Surveillance should be continued and include more patient education on the importance of screening. Furthermore, targeting high‐risk populations may result in even greater numbers of individuals being diagnosed and treated. Within the next year, all patients at the MCJ will also be offered screening for Hepatitis C, chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis. This may also result in more patients agreeing to be screened, and subsequently diagnosed with HIV.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University. Missing page 71 in numbering only

People-against-the-law is a societal phenomenon that will never disappear, even in societies where law and order are effectively enforced and practised. Political, economic and social conditions contribute to reasons why some people end up in correctional facilities. This study investigated the perceptions of offenders enrolled in education and training programmes offered by three correctional centres in Pretoria. The study adopted a pragmatic qualitative methodology in which the perceptions of the offenders in the educational programmes, and officials were investigated on whether the programmes addressed their personal development and that of their communities. Interviews and observations were used to collect data during tuition activities. Sixty-five (65) males, females, youth offenders, ex-convicts and officials from Correctional Services and non-governmental organisations participated in the study. Bronfenbrenner’s systems and Knowles’ andragogy were used as the theoretical base to understand the dynamics of adult learning in challenging prison environments. The study concluded that educational programmes offered by the Department of Correctional Services must be needs-based and align to employment opportunities, self-esteem and proper rehabilitation of individual offenders. Adult education programmes grounded on andragogic principles and practices should be revisited in correctional centres’ contexts. Thus educational programmes within Correctional Services should not only be mandatory, but teaching and learning activities should be conducted by qualified adult educators, and address the social needs of the adult offenders. / UNISA / ABET and Youth Development

This study investigated the efficacy of bibiliotherapy in a correctional setting. Bibliotherapy (the utilization of books, pamphlets, or other literature) has been recommended as an adjunct to psychotherapy when professional time was at a premium or when the motivational level of the clientele was marginal. The experimental problem of this present study was to assess the usefulness of bibliotherapy in coping with psychological problems found within the correctional setting. This investigation was designed to explore the effects of two self-help packets on two diverse prison populations.

Magister Legum - LLM / South Africa has one of the highest crime rates in the world. The state aims to reduce the prevalence of crime mainly by sentencing offenders to imprisonment. In turn the goal of imprisonment is to rehabilitate offenders so that they can refrain from reoffending and be reintegrated into society. Unfortunately, due to various factors which exist inside and outside of prisons, rehabilitation and reintegration is difficult to achieve. The study unpacks the perennial question of whether or not the state has a legal duty to reintegrate offenders into society. This question looms particularly, during the post-release phase of offenders’ life. Preliminary indications are that the state currently views reintegration as a ‘societal responsibility.’ This study intends to determine whether or not the state has a legal duty to reintegrate offenders and provide them with support even after their release from imprisonment.

No description available.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology / Fred O. Bradley / The number of animal training programs in correctional facilities has increased in the past 25 years. Anecdotal accounts have informally assessed the efficacy of prison training programs; however, only limited systemic studies have been conducted (Britton & Button, 2005; Furst, 2006). Preliminary information from anecdotal accounts and narratives indicates the potential these programs have to impact inmate behavior, self- esteem, staff and inmate morale, and community perceptions of offenders (Cushing & Williams, 1995; Harkrader, Burke, & Owen, 2004). There is also an indication inmate trainers learn responsibility, patience, coping skills, and vocational skills (Britton & Button, 2005; Merriam-Arduini, 2000; Turner, 2007). This qualitative study presents preliminary findings from the following five participant perspectives on the perceived outcomes of a canine training program in a correctional facility where inmates train assistance, therapy, rescue, and medical alert canines: (a) inmate trainers, (b) former inmate trainers, (c) non-trainer inmates who are not involved in the training program, (d) staff, and (e) the researcher. Once trained, the canines are adopted as assistance dogs for individuals in need. Data collected from in- depth interviews with current inmate trainers, former inmate trainers, non-trainer inmates, and staff, and audio and video recordings, researcher observations, and a researcher developed scale indicated the following themes which emerged from the study: there are positive emotional outcomes and positive practical outcomes for inmate trainers who work with dogs in the training program. Positive emotional outcomes for inmate trainers include the following: (a) providing social support, (b) gaining a sense of pride, (c) serving as a feeling of giving back to society, (d) increasing personal patience, (e) humanizing the inmate trainers, and (f) improving self-esteem. Positive practical outcomes for inmate trainers emerged in the following areas: (a) improving responsibility, (b) having a positive impact on the prison environment, (c) providing opportunities to help others, (d) using goal setting, (e) gaining employability skills, and (e) having a positive effect on behavior. Results from this study will add to existing literature and research in the field of animal-assisted interventions and rehabilitation programs with human beings, specifically those in correctional facilities. In addition, results from this study will assist correctional administration in the design, implementation, and evaluation of dog training programs in prisons.