D.Cur. / The multi-cultural context in which health education is given, offers a challenge to nurses and health personnel. The nurse attempts to promote health through health education. By addressing the health behaviour of the individual, the nurse encourages him to take coresponsibility for his health by making informed decisions regarding his own health. Various factors in the internal and external environment influence the health behaviour of the individual. The professional nurse has a responsibility to provide effective health education. To succeed in this the root (radi) of health behaviour has to be addressed. Health behaviour is rooted in the motivation to address behaviour. The Values Theory of Hermans explains motivation of behaviour through two primary values, namely the S-motive (quest for selfaffirmation) and the A-motive (quest for bonding with others). This theory can contribute to health education by enabling the individual to (i) become aware of his own health values and (ii) to make decisions about the interpretation of a specific value at a certain point in time. The value-orientation of a certain moment is therefore more important than the value itself. The "self-confrontation-method" can be used in order to explore one's own value-orientation. A radical strategy for health education based on the Values Theory of Hermans could enable the professional nurse to promote health through effective health education. Such a strategy has not yet been developed for health education. The aim of this study was to develop a radical strategy for health education. In order to attain this, a fundamental contextual study was undertaken to explore and describe the phenomena discussed. The research process followed through three consecutive phases. The method of theory-derivation by Walker and Avant was adapted and used in Phase 1 to derive a radical strategy for health education from Hermans's Values Theory. Health, health behaviour and values were studied in depth in the literature.

The thesis is concerned with a study of the effectiveness of literature of high literary and moral standards used as bibliotherapy with high school students to effect a change of personal and/or social attitudes , as evaluated by statistical measures. The study lies in the major field of Educational Research and Services, and in the minor field of English and Library Science. Bibiliotherapy attempts to use the influence of characters, ideas, situations, and information in literature as a means of presenting patterns and standards of behavior and evaluation. These are used to bring about an adjustment of personal concepts and values, which control action, as a means of coping wit h individual problems. Self-perception is the objective of bibliotherapy which is built on a re- conceptualized system of values based on personal feelings and experiences, first hand and vicarious.

This meta-analysis investigated the practical significance of school counselor-led social emotional learning (SEL) interventions on outcomes for students in Grades 6–12. The sample includes 28 studies involving 3,794 middle and high school students. The treatment group was comprised of a total of 2,032 students, who received interventions led by a certified school counselor. The control/comparison groups were derived from a sample of 1,762 middle and high school students who did not receive the school counselor-led intervention. The meta-analysis included a diverse sample of students, with ethnicity reported as 589 (15.52%) African American, 52 (1.37%) Asian, 1,162 (30.63%) Hispanic, 1,267 (33.39%) Caucasian, 11 (0.28%) Native American, 21 (0.55%) Pacific Islander, and 177 (4.66%) Multi-racial/Other. Of the studies included in the meta-analysis, the ethnicities of 412 (18.86%) students were not reported. A total of 12 studies were conducted at the middle school level, 10 at the high school level, and 6 studies reported a mixed setting of Grades 6–12. The sample included almost equal representation of 1,883 (49.63%) males and 1,847 (48.68%) females, and the genders of 69 (1.82%) students were not reported. The overall unweighted Cohen’s d effect size (ES) of the school counselor-led interventions was .312 (95% CI [.173, .452]). The ES for overall cognitive outcomes (d = 0.380) was slightly larger than for overall effective role functions outcomes (d =0.377) and affective outcomes (d = 0.356). The smallest ES reported for overall variables was for behavioral outcomes (d = 0.228). The largest ES for a specific student outcome measure was found for standardized achievement test scores (d = 0.612) (Vernez & Zimmer, 2007). Moderator analyses were conducted and are explored in the results and discussion. The results address the current gap in school counseling outcome research by broadening future research directions for comprehensive school counseling programs (CSCP) to incorporate SEL initiatives aimed for middle and high school students. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2018. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

M.Cur. / South African women, including black adolescents, had wishes, hopes and expectations that the liberation of the abortion law would bring them a new lease on life. The promulgation of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, 92 of 1996, was viewed by most women, including black adolescents, as a means by which their wishes and expectations were going to be realised for the first time. Women were happy that they were going to terminate a pregnancy inside the country and under the supervision of a person whose identity will not be concealed from them. These women, including black adolescents, expected the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act 92 of 1996, was going to afford them an opportunity to express and share their feelings, without pretending to be emotionally strong. Since it is difficult to identify with certainty which women, who terminate their pregnancy, are being emotionally strong, the Choice of Termination of Pregnancy Act 92 of 1996 has made provision for counselling be afforded to all women. The counselling provided to women, including black adolescents who chose to terminate a pregnancy, was observed by the researcher to be more of a cognitive nature. It is focusing on orientating women towards what is to be expected from them during the procedure of termination of pregnancy. The researcher observed that the counselling is not focusing on the emotional aspect of these women. The researcher developed an interest to listen to the voices of the black adolescents, as part of the community of women who chose to terminate a pregnancy, to form a better understanding of their experiences so as to be able to mobilise resources in order to support them. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research study was conducted to identify the experiences of black adolescents who chose to terminate a pregnancy. Permission was obtained from gatekeepers. A pilot phenomenological interview was conducted with a black adolescent who chose to terminate a pregnancy and who met the selection criteria. The phenomenological interviews were conducted in English and Tswana with nine black adolescents that volunteered to participate in the study. Steps were taken to ensure trustworthiness. Tesch's Method of data-analysis was followed to analyse the data. The results indicated that black adotescents who chose to terminate a pregnancy, experienced emotional turmoil; physical distress; and used psychological defence mechanisms as a way to cope and some indicated that they experienced emotional maturity from the experience of terminating a pregnancy. From the findings of the research study in Phase 1 (one ) guidelines are described in phase two (2) for the advanced psychiatric nurse practitioner to support black adolescents who chose to terminate a pregnancy. The possibility of applying the results of the research in nursing education, nursing research and nursing praFtice have been described. The black adolescents who choose to terminate their pregnancies need support from the advanced psychiatric nurse practitioner as well as from nurses engaged in the termination of pregnancies in different health facilities, in order to promote their mental health.

D.Phil. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / Die effek van die nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse bedeling kring uit na alle samelewingsterreine en die onderwys is nie hiervan uitgesluit nie. Hierdie navorsing is daarop toegespits om ondersoek in te stel na die funksionering en strukturering van, en nuwe moontlik:hede vir sielkundige en voorligtingsdienste. Met die skrapping van die apartheidsbeleid is sielkundige en voorligtingsdienste voor die werklik:heid gestel om in 'n multikulturele sarnelewing te funksioneer. In Suid-Afrika is multikulturele berading, hulpverlening en toetsing 'n haas onbekende terrein en die probleme word in hierdie navorsing aangespreek. In onderhawige studie is daar gekyk na die veranderende funksies van die opvoedkundige sielkundige en ander professionele persone verbonde aan skoolklinieke. Die besondere rol van die skoolvoorligter en die klasonderwyser is uitgelig. , Die nuwe politieke bedeling verg die herstrukturering van sielkundige en voorligtingsdienste. Die verskillende tersaaklike aspekte is bespreek en voorstelle is aan die hand gedoen. Oorkoepelende beplanning behoort op nasionale vlak te geskied, terwyl provinsiale strukture binne die raarnwerk van eiesoortige omstandighede en unieke behoeftes tot stand moet kom. Die onontbeerlike rol en funksie van hierdie diens en sy essensiele bydrae in die totstandkoming van 'n nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse onderwysbedeling is uitgewys. / The effect of the new South-African dispensation extends to all areas of society and education is not excluded. This research is aimed at investigating the functioning and structuring of psychological and counselling services as well as exploring the new possibilities of these services. With the scrapping of apartheid policies the psychological and counselling services are faced with the reality of functioning in a multicultural society. In South-Africa multicultural counselling, assistance and testing is a virtually unknown area and problems pertaining to these are addressed in this research. In the present study the changing functions of the educational psychologist and other professionals adherent to the school clinics are considered. The particular roles of the school counsellor and class teacher are highlighted. The new political dispensation requires the re-structuring of psychological and counselling services. The different relevant aspects are discussed and suggestions are put forward. Umbrella planning needs to be done on national level, while provincial structures must be brought about within the framework of distinctive circumstances and unique needs. The indispensable role and function of this service and its essential contribution to the bringing about of a new South-African education dispensation are pointed out. / Educational Studies / D. Ed.

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / Die effek van die nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse bedeling kring uit na alle samelewingsterreine en die onderwys is nie hiervan uitgesluit nie. Hierdie navorsing is daarop toegespits om ondersoek in te stel na die funksionering en strukturering van, en nuwe moontlik:hede vir sielkundige en voorligtingsdienste. Met die skrapping van die apartheidsbeleid is sielkundige en voorligtingsdienste voor die werklik:heid gestel om in 'n multikulturele sarnelewing te funksioneer. In Suid-Afrika is multikulturele berading, hulpverlening en toetsing 'n haas onbekende terrein en die probleme word in hierdie navorsing aangespreek. In onderhawige studie is daar gekyk na die veranderende funksies van die opvoedkundige sielkundige en ander professionele persone verbonde aan skoolklinieke. Die besondere rol van die skoolvoorligter en die klasonderwyser is uitgelig. , Die nuwe politieke bedeling verg die herstrukturering van sielkundige en voorligtingsdienste. Die verskillende tersaaklike aspekte is bespreek en voorstelle is aan die hand gedoen. Oorkoepelende beplanning behoort op nasionale vlak te geskied, terwyl provinsiale strukture binne die raarnwerk van eiesoortige omstandighede en unieke behoeftes tot stand moet kom. Die onontbeerlike rol en funksie van hierdie diens en sy essensiele bydrae in die totstandkoming van 'n nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse onderwysbedeling is uitgewys. / The effect of the new South-African dispensation extends to all areas of society and education is not excluded. This research is aimed at investigating the functioning and structuring of psychological and counselling services as well as exploring the new possibilities of these services. With the scrapping of apartheid policies the psychological and counselling services are faced with the reality of functioning in a multicultural society. In South-Africa multicultural counselling, assistance and testing is a virtually unknown area and problems pertaining to these are addressed in this research. In the present study the changing functions of the educational psychologist and other professionals adherent to the school clinics are considered. The particular roles of the school counsellor and class teacher are highlighted. The new political dispensation requires the re-structuring of psychological and counselling services. The different relevant aspects are discussed and suggestions are put forward. Umbrella planning needs to be done on national level, while provincial structures must be brought about within the framework of distinctive circumstances and unique needs. The indispensable role and function of this service and its essential contribution to the bringing about of a new South-African education dispensation are pointed out. / Educational Studies / D. Ed.

M.A. / Family therapy is based on First World therapeutic methods and has been used effectively by therapists in that context. Literature (Mason & Rubenstein, 1989:39; Horton & Hunt, 1984:15) reveals that family therapy can also work well in the Third World "if it is not for the blacks but also of the blacks". Innovations are most readily accepted when they fit within the existing culture. These statements suggest that family therapy needs to be practised within the context of a particular culture. The purpose of this study is to establish and present guidelines for the implementation of family therapy in social work in Tsonga families. The study was conducted among social workers in the employment of welfare agencies that have been using family therapy with Tsonga people for three years or more in the Lowveld and Northern regions of the Northern Province. Twelve social workers were selected but only eight participated in the study. Semi-structured interview was used to gather data for the research. The research finding reveals that cultural consideration is essential when working with Tsonga people because they are still adherent to cultural practices. The findings provided a basis through which guidelines for use by social workers in family therapy with Tsonga people were established. The study presents the guidelines as recommendations to be considered when practising family therapy within Tsonga culture.