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Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-05-26T19:07:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sônia Maria Oliveira da Rosa.pdf: 1879305 bytes, checksum: 6ee98e9fd793d2b7feb2e921a183039e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-26T19:07:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sônia Maria Oliveira da Rosa.pdf: 1879305 bytes, checksum: 6ee98e9fd793d2b7feb2e921a183039e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-24 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A finalidade desta pesquisa é identificar, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, os municípios que instituíram a avaliação própria em caráter externo na perspectiva de proficiência dos alunos. Tendo como foco as análises sobre as práticas avaliativas, entendidas como instrumentos diagnósticos para a gestão educacional local, procura compreender o movimento espiralado sobre a avaliação externa no âmbito nacional e local e como esse tem provocado um deslocamento nas práticas educacionais, instituindo outros ordenamentos de gestão escolar. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo geral identificar e analisar a institucionalização das práticas avaliativas e as relações desse efeito na gestão Ensino Fundamental. Para tanto, foi preciso identificar os municípios que instituíram práticas avaliativas próprias; conhecer as práticas avaliativas externas dos municípios; analisar os dados do IDEB divulgados pelo INEP; compreender como os municípios organizam os processos de gestão na lógica da qualidade educacional; refletir sobre o papel do Estado-nação no que se refere às práticas avaliativas educacionais como possibilidade de políticas regulatórias; apontar as recorrências e singularidades apresentadas pelos municípios estudados, bem como as possibilidades de aproximação com os conceitos de regulação, multirregulação e contrarregulação. O estudo se inscreve no campo teórico, o qual sublinha os conceitos sobre políticas educacionais, avaliação e gestão na educação, tendo como problema a seguinte questão: de que maneira as práticas de avaliação em rede estão ou não institucionalizadas nos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul e como se estabelecem a gestão dos processos educacionais, considerando o conhecimento científico e a ação política? Para os processos de reflexão e análise sobre o objeto e seus contextos a partir de métodos e técnicas para a compreensão detalhada do estudo em pauta foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa. Essa abordagem metodológica permitiu rastrear, conhecer, problematizar e produzir outros conhecimentos. Nesse mesmo viés, a perspectiva dialética contribuiu para a compreensão de que o estudo implica em contradições internas e externas que determinam o movimento de objetos e fenômenos. A abordagem empírica envolveu a pesquisa inicial à UNCME-RS, documentos oficiais, documentos didático-pedagógicos, entrevistas e sínteses dos relatórios do INEP sobre os municípios em questão. A abordagem, teórico-metodológica compreende o ciclo de política de Stephen Ball, envolvendo o contexto da influência, o contexto da produção dos textos, o contexto da prática, o contexto dos resultados e o contexto da estratégia. O estudo revela que, dentre 497 municípios, apenas 7 desenvolvem algum tipo de avaliação em rede municipal e que 4 desses municípios organizaram uma prática avaliativa com foco na proficiência dos alunos (provas). Mostra também que dos 4 municípios envolvidos na pesquisa, dois institucionalizaram, de alguma maneira, suas práticas avaliativas. O estudo apresenta alinhamento entre o entendimento de tais construções como ferramentas de gestão educacional. As ações desses municípios no campo da gestão educacional teve relevo, tendo como ponto de partida os indicadores de qualidade educacional voltados para o investimento formativo, desempenho, sucesso e fracasso escolar. Apresenta ainda as formas de regulação impregnadas em diferentes níveis e contextos, marcando o circuito cultural da avaliação e da gestão local. Nesse sentido, o estudo possibilitou a visibilidade das fissuras e as fendas como estratégias de contrarregulação, fomentando a autonomia dos municípios estudados diante das políticas macroeducacionais a partir da qualidade negociada. / The goal of this research is to identify the cities belonging to the State of Rio Grande do Sul which have instituted the self-assessment methods as an external feature on the perspective of students' proficiency, aiming the analysis on assessment methods as diagnosing instruments for local educational management. This is in order to understand the spiral movement of external assessment, local and nationwide, and how the prior has been displacing educational practices, installing different arrangements of educational management. The general objective of the research is to identify and analyze the institutionalization of assessment methods and its effects on the management of primary education . In order to do so, it was necessary to identify the cities which have instituted external self-assessment methods, then get to know their means, analyze data from IDEB disclosed by INEP , understand how cities have organized the management procedures according to educational quality, think over the role played by the nation state concerning the educational assessment methods as a possibility of regulatory policy, point out the recurrences and singularities presented by the cities which have been analyzed and the possibilities of regulation concepts approach, multi-regulation and counter-regulation. The research establishes its theoretical foundation based on the education policy, assessment and educational management, raising the following question: how are assessment methods installed in the cities of Rio Grande do Sul, and how do they establish the procedures of educational management, regarding the scientific knowledge and political activity? Through the processes of reflection and analysis, a qualitative research has been conducted to fully understand each detail of the subject and its contexts. This approach allowed to track, acknowledge, raise other issues and produce new knowledge. Thereafter, the dialectical perspective has contributed to the understanding that this study implies internal and external contradictions which determine the course of objects and phenomena. The empirical approach has involved the initial research to UNCME-RS, legal documents, pedagogic-didactic documents, interviews, and summaries of INEP's reports on the cities themselves. The approach comprises Stephen Ball's policy cycle, that is, the context of influence, the context of policy-text producing, the context of practice, and contexts of outcomes and policy strategy. The study reveals only 7 out of 497 cities have actually developed some sort of assessment at municipal schools, in which 4 of them have organized an assessment method aiming to students' proficiency (such as exams) according to data gathered for the research. It also shows that 2 out of 4 of the cities involved somehow have institutionalized their assessment methods. The study aligns with the understanding of such methods as educational management devices. The activity of these cities on the educational management field can be noticed by education quality indicators towards school formative investments, performance, success and failure. Furthermore, it presents regulation forms deeply rooted at different levels and contexts, defining the cultural circuit of assessment and local management. Accordingly, the study has granted the visibility of gaps which allow strategies of counter-regulation, feeding the analyzed cities' autonomy before macro-level policies of education on the quality at hand.

The dynamic adaptation of cognitive control in the face of competition from conflicting response tendencies is one of the hallmarks of flexible human action control. Here, we suggest an alternative framework that places conflicttriggered control adaptation into the broader context of affect regulation. Specifically, we review evidence showing that (a) conflicts are inherently aversive, that (b) aversive stimuli in the absence of conflict also trigger behavioral adjustments, and, finally, that (c) conflict stimuli do trigger processes of affective counter-regulation. Together with recent findings showing that conflict-triggered control adaptation depends on the subjective experience of the conflict, we suggest that it is the subjective aversive conflict experience that originally motivates control adaptations. Such a view offers new perspectives for investigating and understanding intra- and interindividual differences in the regulation of cognitive control by differentiating between the individual sensitivity to experience and the individual ability to utilize the aversive signal.

Obesity has grown to epidemic proportions, and in lack of efficient life-style and medical treatments, the bariatric surgeries are performed in rising numbers. The most common surgery is the Gastric Bypass (GBP) surgery, with the Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (DS) as an option for the most extreme cases with a BMI>50 kg/m2. In paper I 20 GBP-patients were examined during the first post-operative year regarding the natriuretic peptide, NT-ProBNP, which is secreted from the cardiac ventricles. Levels of NT-ProBNP quickly increased during the first post-surgery week, and later established itself on a higher level than pre-surgery. In paper II we report of 5 patient-cases after GBP-surgery with severe problems with postprandial hypoglycaemia that were successfully treated with GLP-1-analogs. The effect of treatment could be observed both symptomatically and in some cases using continuous glucose measuring systems (CGMS). In paper III three groups of subjects; 15 post-GBP patients, 15 post-DS, and 15 obese controls were examined for three days using CGMS during everyday life. The post-GBP group had high glucose variability as measured by MAGE and CONGA, whereas the post-DS group had low variability. Both post-operative groups exhibited significant time in hypoglycaemia, about 40 and 80 minutes per day <3.3mmol/l and 20 and 40 minutes < 2.8mmol/l, respectively, longer time for DS-group. Remarkably, only about 20% of these hypoglycaemic episodes were accompanied with symptoms. In Paper IV the hypoglycaemia counter regulatory system was investigated; 12 patients were examined before and after GBP-surgery with a stepped hypoglycaemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. The results show a downregulation of symptoms, counter regulatory hormones (glucagon, cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone), incretin hormones (GLP-1 and GIP), and sympathetic nervous response. In conclusion patients post bariatric surgery exhibit a downregulated counter regulatory response to hypoglycaemia, accompanied by frequent asymptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes in everyday life. Patients suffering from severe hypoglycaemic episodes can often be treated successfully with GLP-1-analogues.