Inaug.-Diss.-Berlin. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Rostock. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. [4]).

Inaug.-Diss.-Berlin. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis - Rostock. / Vita. Bibliography: p. [4]

Summary of Thesis (Ph. D.)--Vanderbilt University, 1939. / "Private edition, distributed by the Joint University libraries, Nashville, Tennessee."

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online through Digital Dissertations.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University. / Powys's criteria for what constitutes a good novel -- intense reality in characters and background, and intense interest in what happens next -- are the basis for this analysis and evaluation. Admittedly vague, the criteria had to be clarified, explored and related to other aspects of the novel. If some measure of a novelist's greatness lies in his vision of humanity, in the number and variety of people who inhabit his world, the sympathy and understanding with which he views them and the range of incidents they move in, Powys must be rated high. The scope of Powys's portrayals, deep and wide, includes all social levels, the young, old, simple, complex. To find a comparable gallery of women one must turn to the great masters of feminine portraiture. Many characters, both men and women, inhabit the loftier regions of the imagination. Without losing the unique humor of each living person he imparts a sense of the motley assemblage of humanity in general [TRUNCATED]

In this thesis I first delineated the universe that John Cowper Powys envisioned and the ways he posited of living in that universe. The magician, the ichthyosaurus-ego, the saint and the sadist are anthropomorphized facets of what Powys felt was his own composite nature. Each has his own way of coming to terms with his environment. Then, I attempted to show that, in his novels at any rate, Powys's concern is artistic not philosophical or prophetic. He does not advocate one specific way of life such as that offered in In Defence of Sensuality. Only in the last few pages of A Glastonbury Romance does he eschew his personae for a personal statement about the ineradicable nature of a certain kind of response to the universe. However, in the greater part of A Glastonbury Romance, and in Wolf Solent and Maiden Castle, Powys is chiefly concerned with situating his characters, the autonomized fragments of his own character, in Glastonbury, Dorset and Dorchester. He explores the reactions of these characters to the milieu in which they are placed. My investigation of the themes of the three novels and their relationship to the novels' structures reinforces my contention that Powys's emphasis is not on the narrow formulation of a life-way. A Glastonbury Romance probes the responses of the magician, ichthyosaurus-ego, saint and sadist to that aspect of existence which the Grail represents—the unseen, the scientifically unverifiable. Wolf Solent examines the convoluted state of an ichthyosaurus-ego who learns to simply accept the universe. Maiden Castle is a hybrid of Wolf Solent and A Glastonbury Romance. It combines the focus on the ichthyosaurus-ego with the multiple perspectives of that aspect of existence represented by the powers of Maiden Castle. Though both the magician and ichthyosaurus-ego display a partial inability to cope with quotidien events, they seem most aware of all the dimensions of Powys's universe. Consequently, the three novels dwell for the most part on the responses of the ichthyosaurus-ego and the magician. Powys does not resolve which of the two ways is most viable; however, he does espouse that facet of both of them which accepts a living cosmos, a non-mechanistic world redolent of the fourth dimension, that aspect of existence which cannot be rationally apprehended. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

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David Jones, Basil Bunting, Geoffrey Hill and Roy Fisher are major poets in the modernist tradition who have written long poems which incorporate and interrogate history. The Anathemata. Briggflatts. Mercian Hvmns and A Furnace all explore the poet's sense of identity and his relationship to the present by attempting to give order to the past. This thesis examines how this attempt, and the various ideologies, philosophies and aesthetics that have accompanied it, are given form in these poems. It relates detailed readings of the poems to their intellectual and historical contexts. The Introduction outlines the typical features of die modernist long poem and suggests that they are peculiarly suited to expressions of both history and nationalism. Chapter I is a critical assessment of the aesthetics of Wilhelm Worringer and Herbert Read. Chapter II shows how David Jones endeavours to give form to the various histories of The Anathemata by using these aesthetics in conjunction with the historical philosophy of Oswald Spengler, the analysis of myth and ritual of J.G. Frazer and Jessie Weston, and his own nationalism and Roman Catholicism. This chapter accounts for the poem's obscurity by investigating its conflicting ideas of form, and locating it in die context of the Second World War. Chapter III, on Briggflatts. argues that Basil Bunting combines the ideas of Worringer and Read with an autobiographical narrative and a structure derived from music, in order to give die poem a form mirroring both his melancholia and the harmony he perceived in nature. It contends that the histories in the poem are best read as relating to autobiography and not Northumbrian nationalism. Chapter IV shows how Geoffrey Hill refashions the English long poem in a manner close to that of the lyric sequence. It explores notions of empathy and historical continuity in Mercian Hymns. and analyses Hill's ambiguous evocation of his Anglo-Saxon roots in the context of contemporary political discourse. Chapter V discusses the ways in which Roy Fisher enacts different apprehensions of time and history in the dialectical structure of A Furnace, and relates them to the thought of John Cowper Powys. The Conclusion draws together the recurrent themes of the thesis: change and continuity, history and identity, time and timelessness.