There is a lack of understanding of the threat vectors and attacks in Radio Access Network (RAN) systems. In addition, there is a lack of knowledge in adversary behaviour and tactics in RAN. To gain an increased understanding of the threat landscape in RANs and potentially increase the overall security for RANs, this thesis project designed, implemented, and evaluated a honeypot for Ericsson’s RAN. Developing a suitable honeypot required an initial literature study of honeypots, RANs, and Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks. In addition, previous research and work related to this topic were included in the literature study. The open-source Secure Shell Protocol (SSH) honeypot project, Cowrie, was used as a fundamental building block for the honeypot. Moreover, a high-level architecture of the honeypot system (HoneyRAN) was designed and used as a basis for the implementation process. For evaluating the honeypot, a penetration test was conducted in which an internal Ericsson penetration tester evaluated the honeypot. The Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana (ELK) stack was utilised to facilitate log analysis. The results from the penetration test were better than expected and are promising as HoneyRAN achieved the three claimed goals/objectives: understanding adversarial behaviour and tactics, stalling the adversaries, and early detection of attacks. The outcome of the evaluation suggests that HoneyRAN is a good initial approach for increasing the overall security of RANs and that honeypots are an effective deception technique for stalling attackers. The conclusions from the evaluation of HoneyRAN are that HoneyRAN’s implementation using Cowrie achieved an essential desired outcome, namely realism, deception strategies are essential to implement deception techniques (such as honeypots) effectively, and the design and implementation choices of HoneyRAN provides a foundation for other solutions. / Det finns begränsad förståelse för hotvektorer och attacker i RAN system. Dessutom finns det även begränsad kunskap om fientlig beteende och taktiker som används i RAN. För att få en ökad förståelse för de hotbilderna som finns i RAN så designade, implementerade och utvärderade detta avhandlingsprojekt en så kallad honungskruka för Ericssons RAN. Att utveckla en lämplig honungskruka krävde en inledande litteraturstudie på honungskrukor, RAN, och LTE nätverk. I litteraturstudien krävdes det även att man utförde en forskning om tidigare forskning och arbeten relaterat till detta ämne. En översikt på de komponenter som behövdes för att implementera honungskrukan (HoneyRAN) skapades och användes som grund för implementeringsprocessen. För att utvärdera systemet genomfördes ett penetrationstest som utfördes av en intern penetrationstestare på Ericsson. ELK stack användes för att underlätta logganalys. Resultaten från penetrationstestet var bättre än förväntat och är lovande eftersom honungskrukan uppnådde de tre påstådda målen: att få en förståelse av fientlig beteende och taktik, att uppehålla motståndarna, och att upptäcka tidiga faser av attacker. Dessutom tyder resultatet på att HoneyRAN är ett bra första steg till att öka den övergripande säkerheten i RAN och att honungskrukor är en effektiv vilseledningsteknik för att uppehålla attackerare. Slutsatserna från utvärderingen av HoneyRAN är att användingen av Cowrie uppnådde en väsentlig faktor, nämligen att HoneyRAN ser realistisk ut, vilseledningsstrategier är viktiga för att kunna effektivt implementera en honungskruka, och designvalen som togs för implementeringen av Honey- RAN kan utgöra en grund för framtida lösningar att bygga vidare på.

In my master's project, "Knots of Narratives," I aim to investigate and explore my professional identity and how I position myself within the diverse world of design practices and contexts. Identity is multifaceted, and through this project, I seek to understand and articulate the various elements that contribute to my unique perspective as a designer. Our identity consists of many different components, and I've explored mine through my cultural backgrounds in Gambia and Sweden. I believe valuable knowledge is embedded in us, often subconscious and tacit, influencing our everyday practice. In this project, I sought to unpack and understand these sources within my history. By delving into historical creation methods in Sweden and Gambia, I drew inspiration from the practitioners and their valuable mindsets, recognizing the parallels between historical methods and contemporary sustainable design practices. The project culminated in a bench designed for two people, a conversational piece inspired by Swedish allmoge culture, incorporating attributes significant to Sweden and Dalarna, where I grew up. Gambia is represented in a cushion inspired by various handcraft methods, reflecting time-intensive processes that hold significant cultural value and tell a story. My cushion narrates my experience of having two cultures, the strength in that, and the feeling of not being entirely rooted in either. Together, the bench and cushion symbolize the collaboration and complementarity of my two cultures. This is my interpretation of my cultural heritage, which is crucial to remember.

The Portuguese galleon, the São João, is one of the greatest enigmas in South African maritime history, not only because so little is known about its cargo, passengers and crew, but also because the location of the wreck has puzzled researchers from the early 20th century until the present. The aim of the Port Edward Project 2001-2003 was to assess both documentary and physical material pertaining to the wreck, to throw more light on the location of the wreck site and survivor camp because this ship is an important part of South Africa’s maritime history as it was the first cargo ship wrecked along the country’s coastline. Many researchers believe it was one of the most richly laden ships to have left India since it was discovered. To begin with all available sources containing reference to the São João and the events surrounding its wrecking were investigated. This established a historical archaeological standard for dating and identification of Portuguese shipwrecks along the South African coast. A chronological examination of the extent of documentary sources resulted in an archaeological underwater and land survey in the area where the greatest concentrations of artefacts are still found today. This geographic area was within a defined zone within the municipal area of Port Shepston. Investigations were limited to a stretch of coast and adjacent inland area between the town of Port Edward, more specifically Tragedy Hill, and the Kuboboyi River. The archaeological material investigated: includes: Chinese porcelain shards, cowrie shells, cornelian beads, pepper and cannons. To prevent reiterating previous investigator’s research a survey was conducted to determine what scientific research has been done on the archaeological material. The actual location of the campsite has not been indisputably determined. It became evident that some research has been done to identify this important site but always only up to a certain point where some uncertainty still remains. This uncertainty is the result of certain factors. Firstly, Tim Maggs only positively identified the wreck site in the early 1980’s. Secondly, great amounts of agricultural activity have been reported in the area and thirdly the survivors only camped for twelve days, which limits the possibility of finding any material. In order to assist in locating this elusive site, the descriptions and details of other Portuguese campsites were investigated. From this it was possible to construct a virtual picture of the survivor camp by comparing the survivor’s account and the known characteristics of Portuguese survivor camps with the artefacts found and geography of the Port Edward area. The chronological examination of documentary sources, the comparison of other Portuguese survivor campsites, the artefacts found in Port Edward and the geography of the area led to the following conclusions: it can be said with a reasonable amount of certainty that the site in Port Edward is that of the São João. A site which demonstrates Portuguese campsite characteristics, where great concentrations of pepper have been found, was identified. It has been established that the partnership with historical documentation and archaeology gives this project the option of taking the investigations further. The virtual scenario assists in reducing the possibilities and refining the focus as opposed to merely terminating the search. It is recommended that specialized equipment be used for future underwater research since the sea conditions are harsh and dangerous. Tough the possible location of the survivor camp was established further excavations might reveal more about the construction of the camp. / Dissertation (MA (cultural history))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted