Populations of Lesser Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis canadensis) have been increasing during the last decades in Eastern Siberia, an area historically known as breeding grounds of endangered Siberian Cranes (G. leucogeranus). Significant overlap in niche dimensions between the two species may occur and could lead to competition between them. Therefore, this study of comparative breeding ecology of common Lesser Sandhill Cranes and endangered Siberian Cranes was performed. From late May to early August 2000, I studied Lesser Sandhill and Siberian cranes within a 30,000-ha part of Kytalyk Resource Reserve in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia. My main objective was to compare dispersion patterns and resource use of breeding Lesser Sandhill and Siberian cranes in areas of distribution overlap. Lesser Sandhill Cranes used moderate-wet (polygon) areas as their nest sites and main foraging areas, where terrestrial foods were scattered. In contrast, Siberian Cranes were nesting and foraging on low-basin wet areas, where aquatic foods were concentrated and dominant. Inter-nest distances were less for heterospecific cranes than for conspecific cranes, and more territorial behavior was projected toward conspecifics than toward heterospecifics. Lesser Sandhill Cranes were more mobile and used moderate-wet (polygon) areas more than Siberian Cranes; however, both species spent similar time foraging and being alert. The two crane species used different vegetation types for nesting and foraging, had different time-activity budgets, and used different resources in the Siberian tundra. While the population of Lesser Sandhill Cranes in the study area has the potential to increase, both species may simultaneously share the same geographic area due to differences in ecological requirements.

Baigiamojo darbo tema yra suprojektuoti 20 t. kieliamosios galios ožinį kraną. Variantų analizė buvo padaryta, važiuoklės pavarai, kravinių kėlimo mechanizmui ir krano tiltui. Technologinė analizė parodė, kokios įrangos reikia, pagaminti du velenus ir pirštą. Ožinio krano ekonominiai rodikliai, krano kaina ir jos galima pardavimo kaina buvo apskaičiuojama. / The final paper’s theme is to design the gantry crane which load’s capacity is 20 tones. The variant analysis was done. It revealed that chassis gear, telpher, and beam were the most suitable parts for the gantry crane. The technological analysis showed what kind of equipment was needed in order to product two shafts and the girder. The gantry crane’s economical indicators, the crane’s cost price and its possible sale-price were calculated.

Zugl.: Jena, Univ., Diss., 2005 u.d.T.: Salheiser, Britta: "Stories of war" in Stephen Cranes The Red Badge of Courage

Ship-mounted cranes are used to transfer cargo from large container ships to smaller lighters when deep-water ports are not available. The wave-induced motion of the crane ship produces large pendulations of hoisted cargo and causes operations to be suspended. In this work, we show that in boom type ship-mounted cranes, it is possible to reduce these pendulations significantly by controlling the slew and luff angles of the boom. Such a control can be achieved with the heavy equipment that is already part of the crane so that retrofitting existing cranes would require a small effort. Moreover, the control is superimposed on the commands of the operator transparently. The successful control strategy is based on delayed-position feedback of the cargo motion in-plane and out-of-plane of the boom and crane tower. Its effectiveness is demonstrated with a fully nonlinear three-dimensional computer simulation and with an experiment on a 1/24 scale model of a T-ACS (The Auxiliary Crane Ship) crane mounted on a platform moving with three degrees of freedom to simulate the ship roll, pitch, and heave motions of the crane ship. The results demonstrate that the pendulations can be significantly reduced, and therefore the range of sea conditions in which cargo-transfer operations could take place can be greatly expanded. Furthermore, the control strategy is applied experimentally to a scaled model of a tower crane. The effectiveness of the controller is demonstrated for both rotary and gantry modes of operation of the crane. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract #N00014-96-1-1123. / Ph. D.

It is sometimes necessary to transfer cargo from a large ship to a smaller ship at sea. Specially designed craneships are used for this task, however the wave-induced motions of the ship can cause large pendulations of cargo being hoisted by a ship-mounted crane. This makes cargo transfer in rough seas extremely dangerous and therefore transfer operations normally cease when sea state 3 is reached. If the cargo pendulations could be reduced in higher sea states, transfer operations would be possible. By controlling the boom luff angle, one can reduce the cargo pendulations in the plane of the boom significantly. A two-dimensional pendulum with a rigid massless cable and massive point load is used to model the system. A control law using time-delayed position feedback is developed and the system is simulated on a computer using the full nonlinear equations of motion. A three-degree-of-freedom ship-motion simulation platform, capable of simulating heave, pitch, and roll motions, was built. The computer simulation results were experimentally verified by mounting a 1/24th scale model of a T-ACS crane on the ship-motion simulation platform. / Master of Science

No description available.

Compact facility designs and retro-fitting of facilities that involve heavy lifts are often performed in congested areas. Tight schedules increase the requirement to provide detailed heavy lift analysis. The planning of every aspect of a critical lift operation is essential. Managing the behavior and trajectory of the lifted object during the lift is often left to the field crew. The rigger signalman and the crane operator communicate by radio, or by hand signals, to maneuver the lifted object between obstructions. This thesis presents advancements in the development of mathematical algorithms for the lift object trajectory path and analysis. The proposed methodology is divided into smaller manageable phases to control the process and at the same time create independent modules. Each step of the lifted object movement was algebraically-digitally tracked, starting at the lifted object pick-point through an optimum path development to the objects final position or set-point. Parameters such as the minimum distance between the lifted object and passing obstructions and the minimum clearance between the lifted object and the crane boom envelope are some of the many predefined rules that were taken into account. Each step in the developed algorithm provides a short description, partial decision flowchart, and graphical interpretation of the problem, and some sections cover mathematical calculations of a defined path. The lifted objects spatial trajectory analysis and optimization are part of the complex assignment relating to the crane selection process. The proposed methodology is tested on a case study, which is also described in this thesis in order to illustrate the essential features of the proposed methodology. / Construction Engineering and Management

Thesis (M.A.)--Villanova University, 2006. / English Dept. Includes bibliographical references.

The manner in which a literary work is produced by its author and received by its audience is significantly influenced by the existing prestructures of both the author and the audience. As evidence of this phenomena, this thesis presents a case study of the impact of prestructure on the summation of narrative frames which form Stephen Crane’s The Red Badge of Courage: An Episode of the American Civil War.

No description available.