Submitted by Daniel Paranhos (paranhosdaniel@yahoo.com) on 2014-04-17T03:59:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Daniel_Paranhos_Final.pdf: 1005573 bytes, checksum: af95aed4444da28f0c2fca8e90471318 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor Souza (vitor.souza@fgv.br) on 2014-05-28T20:16:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Daniel_Paranhos_Final.pdf: 1005573 bytes, checksum: af95aed4444da28f0c2fca8e90471318 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-03T11:24:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Daniel_Paranhos_Final.pdf: 1005573 bytes, checksum: af95aed4444da28f0c2fca8e90471318 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-20 / Um dos principais entraves aos investimentos das firmas é a restrição ao financiamento. A existência de controles de capitais em determinados países pode aumentar o custo de captação das empresas, sobretudo para companhias menores ou para fabricantes de produtos não comercializáveis, que são mais dependentes de recursos domésticos. Este trabalho analisa o impacto da abertura financeira sobre os investimentos de uma amostra de 6.860 empresas de capital aberto de treze países emergentes. Os resultados sugerem que firmas residentes em países com menos controles de capitais possuem menores restrições ao financiamento dos investimentos. Adicionalmente, empresas maiores e produtoras de bens comercializáveis também são menos restritas ao crédito. / One of the main determinants of investments for a firm is the credit constraints that it faces. The existence of capital controls in specific countries can increase the cost of raising funds for businesses, especially for smaller firms or for non-tradable producers, both of which tend to be more dependent of domestic resources. This paper seeks to analyze the impact of financial liberalization on the investments of 6860 listed companies in thirteen developing economies. The results suggest that firms residing in countries with fewer capital controls possess less financial constraints on its investments. Additionally, larger companies and tradable goods producers possess fewer credit constraints.

Den 11 mars 2020 klassades Coronaviruset som en pandemi och har sedan dess kommit att påverka såväl den svenska ekonomin som arbetslöshet och bostadsmarknad. Till följd av Coronapandemin sköts allt fler jobb på distans och efterfrågan på större bostäder har ökat. Likaså har efterfrågan på utbildning växt och antalet studerande ökat. Den lågkonjunktur som förväntades drabba ekonomin har lett till beslut om slopat amorteringskrav och att behålla reporäntan på noll procent. I uppsatsen analyseras data från Svensk Mäklarstatistik, som inkluderar bostadsrätter sålda under perioden 1 mars 2019 till 31 december 2020, samt kompletterande data från Booli för perioden 1 januari 2019 till 28 februari 2019. I syfte att fokusera på unga förstagångsköpare som riskerar att bli utkonkurrerade när efterfrågan på bostäder ökar, inkluderas endast bostadsrätter mindre än 50 kvadratmeter i studien. Genom metoden difference-in-difference analyseras prisförändring på bostadsmarknaden i Uppsala kommun perioden före och efter att Covid-19 etablerat sig. Som jämförelsegrupp används bostadsrätter sålda under samma period ett år tidigare. De huvudsakliga resultaten visar att effekten av Covid-19 på priserna för bostadsrätter under 50 kvadratmeter var positiv. Statistiskt signifikanta resultat fås när kontrollvariabler för BNP och ränta inkluderas. / March 11th, 2020, the Coronavirus was classified as a pandemic and has since come to affect the Swedish economy, unemployment and the housing market. As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, more jobs are being managed remotely and the demand for larger homes has increased. Similarly, the demand for education has grown and the number of students has increased. The recession, which was expected to hit the economy, led to a decision to abolish amortization requirements and to maintain the repo rate at zero percent. The thesis uses data from Svensk Mäklarstatistik, which includes condominiums sold between the period March 1st 2019 to December 31st 2020, as well as supplementary data from Booli.se for the period January 1st 2019 to February 28th 2019. Only condominiums under 50 square meters are included, in order to focus on first-time buyers who risk being outcompeted when the demand for condominiums increases. Through a difference-in-difference study, the aim is to analyze price changes in the housing market in Uppsala municipality, analyzing the period before and after Covid-19 established. As a comparison group, condominiums sold during the same period one year earlier are used. The main results show that final prices for condominiums under 50 square meters increased. Statistically significant results are obtained when control variables for GDP and interest rates are included.

The thesis deals with the bank credit risk over enterpreneurial subject with double-entry accounting system. The monitoring of possibilities to acquire the bank credit for future business development is based on operating results. The requisition for the bank credit is being prepared also with for the component for the bank providing the credit.

This paper explores the nexus between uncertainty and credit restrictions. A Post Keynesian approach to an explanation of access rationing to credit is developed and contrasted with the dominant relationship lending school. It is argued that access rationing to credit has be understood in terms of uncertainty and power. Differences in systemic uncertainty to which hetrogenous market participants are exposed can explain the reluctance of banks to lend to certain applicants. Monopsonistic power and uncertainty further help to understand why banks of a different size show differences in their lending behavior. (author's abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series