Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2005. / Title from title page screen (viewed on June 28, 2005). Thesis advisor: David Ostermeier. Document formatted into pages (ix, 169 p. : ill., maps). Vita.

Thesis (M.S.)--Indiana University, 2007. / Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Li Lin, Lenore P. Tedesco, Jeffrey S. Wilson. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-149).

Thesis (M.S.)--Indiana University, 2007. / Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Gabriel M. Filippelli, Catherine Souch, Lenore P. Tedesco. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-83).

A região de São Pedro (Estado de São Paulo) apresenta muitos problemas ambientais relacionados aos processos erosivos, sendo que uma das áreas mais afetadas é a bacia do córrego do Espraiado, alvo deste estudo. Este trabalho buscou a caracterização e identificação: dos elementos do terreno; dos materiais inconsolidados; da evolução espacial e temporal das feições erosivas, cadastradas a partir de fotografias aéreas nos anos de 1972, 1978, 1995, e em trabalhos de campo para as feições de 2002; das técnicas de controle e reabilitação empregadas em algumas áreas; e das condições geométricas atuais da drenagem. A partir destas informações foram elaborados os seus respectivos mapas em escala de detalhe (1:10.000), para servirem de suporte ao final para uma análise dos processos erosivos atuantes, e das técnicas de controle e reabilitação utilizadas, pois algumas delas não tiveram eficiência, tendo como conseqüência o aparecimento de novas feições nas áreas reabilitadas. / The São Pedro region (São Paulo state) presents many environments problems related to erosive process. The Espraiado creek watershed, is goal of this study is very affected. This work was developed according to several steps: the characterization and identification of terrain elements and unconsolidated materials; temporal and spatial evolution analyses of the erosive features, by aerial photographs of dates 1972, 1978 and 1995, and field works in 2002; assessment of the control and rehabilitation techniques used in the area; and present-day geometric condition of drainage channel. From the results, were elaborated maps, at a scale 1:10.000, that were used to support final analyses about erosive processes, control and rehabilitation techniques in the area.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-05-09T17:30:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Aplicabilidade de modelos de hidrograma unitário em bacias hidrográficas hidrologicamente distintas.pdf: 14911634 bytes, checksum: 81a2209820b64f7bee6b4bd3366bfaac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-05-09T17:31:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Aplicabilidade de modelos de hidrograma unitário em bacias hidrográficas hidrologicamente distintas.pdf: 14911634 bytes, checksum: 81a2209820b64f7bee6b4bd3366bfaac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-05-09T17:31:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Aplicabilidade de modelos de hidrograma unitário em bacias hidrográficas hidrologicamente distintas.pdf: 14911634 bytes, checksum: 81a2209820b64f7bee6b4bd3366bfaac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-09T17:32:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Aplicabilidade de modelos de hidrograma unitário em bacias hidrográficas hidrologicamente distintas.pdf: 14911634 bytes, checksum: 81a2209820b64f7bee6b4bd3366bfaac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-26 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - FAPERGS / Eventos extremos de precipitação, combinados com aumento da população, intensificação de atividades agrícolas e uso inadequado do solo, têm culminado em inúmeros problemas relacionados a cheias em bacias hidrográficas. A gestão dos recursos hídricos é considerada bastante desafiadora e o monitoramento hidrológico tem sido uma importante ferramenta. No entanto, o monitoramento hidrológico ainda é um fator limitante de modo que comumente técnicos da área de recursos hídricos se deparam com a ausência de dados no local de interesse. No caso da gestão de cheias em bacias hidrográficas, os dados de vazão são substanciais na compreensão do comportamento hidrológico quando da ocorrência de um evento de chuva intensa. Esta carência de dados hidrológicos tem resultado no desenvolvimento de modelos para estimativa de hidrogramas de escoamento superficial direto (ESD) resultantes de eventos de precipitação. O ESD é o componente mais importante para análise de vazões decorrentes de eventos extremos de chuva. Dentre as técnicas de modelagem de ESD, deve ser destacada a teoria do Hidrograma Unitário (HU) e do Hidrograma Unitário Instantâneo (HUI). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os modelos de HU Triangular (HUT), HU Adimensional (HUA), HUI de Nash (HUIN), HUI de Clark (HUIC), HUI de Nash Geomorfológico (HUING) e HUI de Clark Geomorfológico (HUICG) para determinação do hidrograma de ESD decorrentes de eventos de precipitação em uma bacia hidrográfica localizada no Rio Grande do Sul e outra em Minas Gerais. As informações básicas para utilização de tais modelos de HU e HUI foram as variáveis topográficas extraídas dos modelos digitais de elevação e dados hidrológicos de cada bacia. Foi estabelecida a curva-chave de cada seção de controle no intuito de converter dados linimétricos em dados de vazões. Com base nos eventos chuva-vazão escolhidos para cada bacia, pôde-se constituir o hietograma de cada evento e o hidrograma correspondente. A separação de escoamento foi realizada usando o método das inflexões, enquanto a determinação das precipitações efetivas (Pe’s) foi realizada pelos métodos do Índice , CN e CN modificado. Foi possível constatar que: i) as suposições da técnica de HU e de HUI foram válidos para a modelagem do hidrograma de ESD para as duas bacias hidrográficas analisadas; ii) houveram diferenças nos hidrogramas de ESD estimados nas duas bacias pelos modelos de HU e HUI empregados; iii) além de ter sido verificado o impacto das diferenças de características fisiográficas entre as bacias, especialmente aquelas vinculadas ao solo, na modelagem de cheias, também foi constatado que a diferença do padrão de chuvas entre as duas regiões exerceu influência na referida modelagem; iv) o método de determinação de Pe exerceu influência significativa sobre os resultados dos diferentes modelos de HU e HUI, especialmente quando da estimativa de vazões de pico; e v) o modelo HUIC foi o que estimou os hidrogramas de ESD para as duas bacias hidrográficas de forma mais satisfatória, seguido do HUIN, sendo que ambos apresentaram substancial superioridade em relação aos modelos de HU tradicionalmente empregados (HUT e HUA) e também aos modelos de HUING e HUICG. / Heavy rainfall events in conjunction with increase in population, intensification of agricultural activities and inappropriate land use, have resulted in countless problems related to floods in watersheds. Water resources management is considered challenging and hydrological monitoring has been a fundamental tool. However, this type of monitoring is a limiting factor such that practitioners and engineers have to commonly deal with the inexistence or lack of information in the site of interest. Streamflow data sets are essential for flood management in watersheds in order to allow the understanding of hydrological behavior due to the occurrence of a heavy rainfall event. Such lack of hydrological data has culminated in the development of models for estimation of direct surface runoff (DSR) hydrographs resulting of rainfall events. DSR is the main component when analyzing stream flows originated from extreme rainfall events. Among the existing techniques available for DSR modeling, it should be highlighted the theory of Unit Hydrograph (UH) and of Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH). The objective of this study was to evaluate the Triangular UH (TUH), Dimensionless UH (DUH), Nash IUH (NIUH), Clark IUH(CIUH), Geomorphological Nash IUH (GNIUH) and Geomorphological Clark IUH (GCIUH) for estimation of DSR hydrographs resulting of extreme rainfall events in a watershed situated in Rio Grande do Sul State and another located in Minas Gerais State. The basic information for use of the aforementioned UH and IUH models were topographical variables extracted from digital elevation models and hydrological data (rainfall and water level). The stage-discharge rating curve of each outlet was obtained in order to convert water levels into streamflow records. Based on the rainfall-streamflow events, which were chosen for each watershed, it was possible to develop the hyetograph of each event and the corresponding hydrograph. DSR separation was performed through the inflexion method, while the determination of effective rainfalls (Pe’s) was done by means of the methods known as  index, CN and Modified CN. The main results and conclusions were: i) the suppositions of UH and IUH were valid for DSR modeling in the studied watersheds; ii) differences among DSR hydrographs estimated by the different models of UH and IUH were found; iii) there was impact of the differences in physiographical characteristics between watersheds, especially those parameters associated with soil, on flood modeling, and it was also observed that the difference in the rainfall patters between watersheds exerted influence on flood modeling; iv) the method for determination of Pe had substantial influence on the results obtained through the different UH and IUH models, especially when analyzing the estimation of peak stream flows; and v) CIUH was the most satisfactory model to estimate DSR hydrographs for the watersheds, followed by NIUH, and both presented substantial superiority in relation to the UH models, which are traditionally employed (TUH and DUH), and to the GNIUH and GCIUH.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This thesis presents the results of an analysis of predicting phytoplankton pigment concentrations (chlorophyll a and phycocyanin) from remotely sensed imagery. Hyperspectral airborne and hand-held reflectance spectra were acquired on three reservoirs (Geist, Morse and Eagle Creek) in Central Indiana, USA. Concurrent with the reflectance acquisition, in situ samples were collected and analyzed in laboratories to quantify the pigment concentration and other water quality parameters. The resultant concentration was then linked to Airborne Imaging Spectrometer for Applications (AISA) reflectance spectra for the sampling stations to develop predictive models. AISA reflectance spectra were extracted from the imagery which had been processed for radiometric calibration and geometric correction. Several previously published algorithms were examined for the estimation of pigment concentration from the spectra. High coefficients of determination were achieved for predicting chlorophyll a in two of the three reservoirs (Geist R2 = 0.712, Morse R2 = 0.895 and Eagle Creek Reservoir R2 = 0.392). This situation was similar for PC prediction, where two of the three reservoirs had high coefficients of determination between pigment concentration and reflectance (Geist R2 = 0.805, Morse R2 = 0.878 and Eagle Creek Reservoir R2 = 0.316). The results of this study show that reflectance spectra collected with an airborne hyperspectral imager are statistically significant, p < 0.03, in predicting chlorophyll a and phycocyanin pigment concentration in all three reservoirs in this study without the consideration of other parameters. The algorithms were then applied to the AISA image to generate high spatial resolution (1 m2) maps of Chlorophyll a and Phycocyanin distribution for each reservoir.

This study addresses flood risk assessment in the Catalpa Creek watershed, located in northeast Mississippi, USA. Employing the Hydrological Modeling System (HEC-HMS) and the River Analysis System (HEC-RAS), integrated models were developed and calibrated, to predict flood behavior within the watershed. The study conducted flood frequency analyses for return periods ranging from 2 to 100 years and generated flood inundation maps, pinpointing flood-prone areas. Mitigation measures for flood risk management were recommended. The results underscore the effectiveness of the integrated modeling approach for simulating and understanding the complex dynamics of flood events. The research identified critical flood-prone zones, emphasizing the importance of proactive flood risk management. The calibrated hydrological model serves as a valuable tool for stormwater management, water resource planning, and watershed assessment. The study provides insights into flood risk in the Catalpa Creek watershed, offering valuable guidance to regional decision-makers. This study lays the foundation for future investigations in floodplain encroachment, sediment transport, stream restoration, and flood inundation hazard mapping.

No description available.

From the Proceedings of the 1977 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 15-16, 1977, Las Vegas, Nevada / Lynx Creek Watershed is located eight miles southeast of Prescott, Arizona, on the Prescott National Forest. The watershed consists of 13,600 acres, which are National Forest Lands. Approximately 600 acres in the watershed are patented mining claims. Gold was discovered in Lynx Creek in 1863 and the watershed was extensively mined for gold, silver and copper. The aftermath of the mining has resulted in numerous mine shafts, waste dumps and mill tailing ponds that were abandoned after the ore was played out. Drainage from the orphaned mine sites contribute a certain extent of toxic mineral and sediment pollution into Lynx Creek and eventually into Lynx Lake. Lynx Creek carries runoff which is slightly acidic in nature and has high concentrations of copper, manganese, iron, zinc and sulfates. The mineral pollutants have reduced the recreational and fisheries potential of the Lake. The Sheldon Mine complex consisting of a waste dump and the mill tailing dump were considered the major sources of pollutants into the Lake. The Sheldon Tailings pond was rehabilitated during the summer of 1975 and the waste dump during the summer of 1976 as part of a reclamation study that is being sponsored by SEAM (Surface Environment and Mining). The study is being conducted cooperatively by the School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, and the Prescott National Forest. Both sites were culturally treated and dressed with lime and topsoil. Studies are currently being conducted to measure the beneficial effects of the reclamation projects.

This study investigates the hydrologic effects of urbanization in two Portland, Oregon streams through a comparison of three hydrologic metrics. Hydrologic metrics used in this study are the mean annual runoff ratio (Qa), mean seasonal runoff ratio (Qw and Qd), and the fraction of time that streamflow exceeds the mean streamflow during the year (TQmean). Additionally, the relative change in streamflow in response to storm events was examined for two watersheds. For this investigation urban development is represented by two urbanization metrics: percent impervious and road density. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to evaluate the relationship between the hydrologic metrics and the amount of urban development in each watershed. The effect of watershed size was also investigated using nested watersheds, with watershed size ranging from 6 km2 to 138km 2. The results indicate that annual and seasonal runoff ratios have difficulty capturing the dynamic hydrologic behavior in urban watersheds. TQmean was useful at capturing the flashy behavior of the Upper Fanno watershed, however it did not perform as well in Kelley watershed possibly due to the influence of impermeable soils and steep slopes. Unexpected values for hydrologic metrics in Lower Johnson, Sycamore and Kelley watersheds could be the result water collection systems that appear to route surface water outside of their watersheds as well as permeable soils. Storm event analysis was effective at characterizing the behavior for the selected watersheds, indicating that shorter time scales may best capture the dynamic behavior of urban watersheds.