Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 212-221).

In exploring current responses to crime, particularly youth involvement in gangs, this thesis examines two approaches: Crime Prevention through Social Development (CPSD) and risk-based prevention. The former is associated with the provision of socially-designed measures to address and eliminate the risk factor associated with persistent offending. The latter, however, refers to the implementation of risk management and statistical assessment to manage the risk factor associated with persistent offending. In light of these two approaches, this thesis examines a debate which purported that crime prevention practices has wholly shifted away from an emphasis on CPSD towards risk-based prevention. This thesis also examines the opposing debate which explains that CPSD and risk-based prevention have emerged into a balanced approach. Taking into account 19 youth gang prevention projects in Canada, the above debates are investigated. Drawing from the analysed project, this thesis concludes that, the crime prevention practices of the analyzed projects significantly rely on risk-based prevention. As a result, the approaches of CPSD still exist in rhetoric and in practice however, its influence on crime prevention initiatives is very limited. Hence, current approaches neither reflect a total shift away from CPSD nor a balanced approach.

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Abstract The public security is the key factor for a prosperous country; therefore, maintaining a safe social order has always been the most desirous expectation for the public. ¡§Community Policing¡¨ is the strategy to govern public social order, and how to apply its usage is the main stream on crime prevention and police beat is its main core. This study, by reviewing the basic theory of community policing, researching the operational practice domestically and abroad, rechecking the real state of community policing in Penghu, analyzing the recollected data, can be further shaped on its diversified location to develop a satisfactory living space and peaceful land for the Penghu people. By studying this subject, here my suggestions are as follows: ¢¹ Suggestions on community policing of Penghu. 1.Penghu people are quite satisfied with the public security but are still afraid of being stolen. We have to pay more attention on guiding how to prevent the civilian from being a burglar victim and lay emphasis on operational practices. 2.Penghu people are not willing to attend any meeting related to public affairs; the police has to stimulate and inspire the community consciousness of being a civilian by attending any activities or practicing census checks. 3.Implementing sole-duty-beat system can diminish most of the burden of policy duty, which can exclusively make the police more concentrative on doing the census check, providing service, and guiding crime prevention. 4.The success of community policing depends on ¡§close interaction between the civilian and the police; the police must offer high quality service to gain the trust of the civilian. Only by doing this can a close relationship be shaped and be dedicated on crime prevention. 5.The spirit of community policing is beat officer itself; therefore, in order to encourage the officer to persistently manage its beat with diligence and innovativeness, a system based on preventive guiding and service providing to assess the performance of the beat officers is highly requested. 6.While enforcing the community policing, the crucial point to success is decided by how to pass the decision-making to the beat officer, which can make them more flexible and responsive to the need of the community. 7.In hoping of the community policy strategy can keep flourishing, the government authority has to make budget for it and those responsible have to step into the community for a setting up a sound community policing. And the police authority has to make its goal and strategy clear and have a comprehensive communication with the beat officer to build a common consensus. Then , under the process of empowerment, the beat officer can become a member of the community. 8.Twenty-first century is the era of community policing, the police has to cooperate with the medium strategically to publicize the community consciousness, which, in the long run, can be beneficial to build a high quality living environment. . ¢ºSuggestions for follow-up research: 1.Research domain: increase to lay emphasis on community specialty, which can make the managerial strategy more specific and effective. 2.Research object: increase the number of community civilian specimen, which can promote its representation. 3.Research method: increase the observation method as auxiliary, which can be expected to be more adjustable to its location and occasion. 4.Empirical study evaluation : apply ¡§ equalized performance marking card¡¨ to assess the interior and exterior performance of the beat officer, which can be expected to excavate the underneath problems. Key words: community policing, police beat, window-breaking theory, crime prevention.

M. Tech. Policing / This study is concerned with Community Policing Forums in the Gauteng North policing areas and the local communities, as well as police's knowledge, about the concept. The study investigates the implementation and effectiveness of Community Policing Forums as a crime prevention tool method and how it is managed.

Since the early 1990s, the Vancouver Police Department has embarked upon coproductive service arrangements with various geographic communities throughout the city of Vancouver. Through the vehicle of storefront crime prevention offices (CPOs), local communities and the police are working in partnership to problem-solve around local crime and safety issues. Three models of crime prevention offices have emerged: ethnic-specific, police-run, and community-run. This thesis focuses on a case study of the community-run model—community crime prevention offices (CCPOs). Through participant observation, key informant interviews, analysis of policy documents and a review of the respective literatures on community policing and community crime prevention theory and practice, the present case study was examined. Key informants revealed basic partner expectations. The community expect the police to be accessible to the offices through their physical presence and by ongoing two-way communications regarding community crime-related concerns. The police, in return, expect the CCPOs to provide a conduit through which community needs and priorities can be communicated to them. Each partner brings to the office function different responsibilities. The community is responsible for maintaining adequate levels of community support for office programs and services. The police provide a set level of human and material resources to all crime prevention offices. Much has been written on the rationale behind the "community-police partnership" era. However, less has been written about the effective implementation of such partnerships. While the main thrust behind the formation of CPOs has been occurring since 1994, there are still no clear guidelines set regarding partner roles and responsibilities. The future viability of CCPOs is predicated on the mutual accountability of both the community and the police. Future steps could be taken to ensure the responsibility of both partners in this process: 1) a partnership agreement should be implemented between the community and the police to clarify expectations and role contributions; 2) accountability measures should be in place to reflect partner expectations and roles; 3) the police, as public servants, should address the resource inequities which exist among CCPOs; 4) the community should ensure CCPO programming is responsive to broad-based community need; and 5) ongoing efforts should be made to enhance partner communication. CCPOs have proven to be a vehicle of great promise. CCPOs are an interesting coproductive blend of community self-help and police re-organization along community policing lines. By first addressing their commitment to each other as partners, and attending to some of the weaknesses in this present partnership configuration, a more effective partnership will result. Such a partnership will better serve their mutual goals to enhance the safety and livability of Vancouver neighbourhoods.

This thesis considers the structural characteristics of online criminal networks from a technical and an economic perspective. Through large-scale measurements, we empirically describe some salient elements of the online criminal infrastructures, and we derive economic models characterizing the associated monetization paths enabling criminal profitability. This analysis reveals the existence of structural choke points: components of online criminal operations being limited in number, and critical for the operations’ profitability. Consequently, interventions targeting such components can reduce the opportunities and incentives to engage in online crime through an increase in criminal operational costs, and in the risk of apprehension. We define a methodology describing the process of distilling the knowledge gained from the empirical measurements on the criminal infrastructures towards identifying and evaluating appropriate countermeasures. We argue that countermeasures, as defined in the context of situational crime prevention, can be effective for a long-term reduction in the occurrence of online crime.

Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1999. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2959. Typescript. [Abstract] precedes thesis as 1 preliminary leaf. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-69).

Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1998. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2938. Abstract appears on leaves 2-3. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-99). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.