Genom åren har det konstaterats att brott inte sprider sig jämnt över ett lanskap. Istället har det visat sig att vissa platser är mer brottsattraktiva än andra. Dessa platser kallas ofta för hot spots och kunskapen om dessa har bidragit till framväxten av platsbaserad och platsspecifika brottsförebyggande insatser. I samband med dessa insatser diskuteras ofta effekter såsom omfördelning och positiva spridningseffekter. Denna uppsats ämnar att undersöka omständigheterna bakom framförallt positiva spridningseffetker. Omständigheterna bakom positiva spridningseffekter har undersökts genom en systematisk översikt av studier som rapporterat om eller utvärderat en platsbaserad intervention eller experiment. Inga uppenbara gemensamma faktorer eller samband kunde urskiljas mellan de olika studierna gällande när positiva spridningeffekter sker och det kan konstateras att fenomenet är mycket komplext. Resultaten analyseras och förstås med hjälp av rutinaktivtetsteorin samt genom teorin om rationella val. Uppsatsen bygger på bevisen om att fler studier med positiva spridningseffkter i fokus bör genomföras. Genom att förstå när, var och varför spridningseffekter sker ökar också kunskapen om de preventiva insatserna och hur de kan designas för att nå bästa möjliga resultat. / Throughout the years it has been suggested that some places attract crime more than others. Those places are called hot spots of crime and the knowledge of them have contributed to the emergence of hot spot and targeted policing interventions. Hot spot policing is often discussed together with effects such as displacement of crime and diffusion of benefits. Through a systematic review of earlier studies that report or examine a hot spot policing effort or experiment this thesis aims to investigate the circumstances behind diffusion of benefits. No apparent commonalties or correlations are found between the different types of interventions regarding when diffusion of benefits occur. It can be concluded that the phenomenon is very complex. The results are analyzed and understood with the help of routine activity theory and rational choice theory. This thesis adds to the body of evidence that more studies with diffusion of benefits in focus need to be conducted. By understanding when, where and why diffusion of benefits occur the knowledge of crime prevention increases and also increases the knowledge of how to design the interventions to reach the best preventive gains.

Juvenile delinquency is a well known problematic issue in today's society, it is a social phenomenon that can jeopardize children and youths futures. Juvenile delinquency can lead to social problems and therefore is the prevention work crucial for children and youths that are affected by the matter. Previous research about juvenile delinquency and how it’s either prevented, or how it’s remedial has not focused on school counselors' work. School is an area where children spend much of their time, it’s interesting to find out how the schools work to counteract this social problem. The aim of this study is to investigate how counselors at different schools in Malmö work with prevention and remedial measures against juvenile delinquency. We also intended to find out what opportunities and difficulties the counselors experienced in their work. This is a qualitative study based on six school counselors and their experiences. The data has been collected from interviews with the school counselors, and previous research regarding juvenile delinquency. The theories that were used to analyze the result are The social bond theory and the theory on Sense of coherence. The results from this study presented different risk and protective factors that school counselors mean is connected to the development of juvenile delinquency. The results also showed that there is no specific work description made for school counselors work with the problematic matter and therefore the preventive and remedial work depends on the school counselor, and varies a lot from school to school. The school counselors believe that trust building with the students is an effective approach to the matter.

The basic mission of the police is to prevent crime and disorder and this translates into measuring police efficiency by the absence of crime and disorder rather than the visible actions taken to deal with crime and restore the violated order. For almost two centuries now, crime prevention has been understood and approached as the core responsibility of the police as they are the active partners who are responsible to activate the community who is the passive partner towards crime prevention. Recently there are scholars, police scientists and researchers who are of the view that the police cannot prevent crime so crime prevention should not be the core function of the police. The study gives a detailed analysis of the proponents and opponents of crime prevention as the core function of the police. This analysis has been provided in the context of the origin of policing through to the modern era in policing in an attempt to find out for which purpose the police had been established for. This is done in order to track down whether the initial purpose for which the police had been established for has changed in modern policing, with the ultimate aim of affirming or negating the proposition by some of the proponents of crime prevention as not the core function of the police, who are of the view that crime prevention should no longer be the core function of the police, as used to be the case.The arguments and counter arguments on whether crime prevention is the core function of the police or not, as well as the response from the selected countries were analyzed. The golden thread that runs through the eras of policing is that crime prevention is and has always been the main function of the police. The relative ease of measuring police performance by reactive activities in comparison with proactive activities seems to indicate that the police might focus more working on these measurable activities as compared to crime prevention activities that could go unnoticed. / Police Practice / D. Litt. et Phil. (Police Science)

MPD is an entity within the SANDF responsible for maintaining law and order, prevent and combat crime, investigates criminal cases or alleged within the DoD. The role of the MPs has changed drastically over the past years especially after the integration of the non-statutory and statutory forces with all changes in crime growth increased in South Africa and affected the DoD. This led to the MPD shifting from disciplinary crime prevention issues to criminal crime prevention, as the basic mission of the police is to prevent crime and disorder. MPs form part of the police agencies that are within South Africa, the uniqueness of the MPs they operating within the SANDF but they cannot be isolated from the complicated growing crime phenomenon that affects the whole South African community. As crime prevention is the catchphrase for all the police agencies and government departments, it is imperative for the MPs to align its crime prevention to the modern policing. This study gives a comprehensive explanation of what crime prevention is, from the literature reviewed relevant to the study, with the aim to critically analyse the role of the MPs in crime prevention within the military proclaimed environment. The researcher collected data in the form of unstructured interviews, documents and literature. Collected data was transcribed; larger text was broken into smaller segments, coded and then selected into themes. Participants had different views of the understanding of the meaning of crime prevention and different comprehension of the MPs crime prevention guideline and procedures. This analysis was done in order to determine the level of understanding of the role of the MPs, in crime prevention within the military proclaimed environment and how MPs can be effective and efficient within this environment. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Police Practice)

The basic mission of the police is to prevent crime and disorder and this translates into measuring police efficiency by the absence of crime and disorder rather than the visible actions taken to deal with crime and restore the violated order. For almost two centuries now, crime prevention has been understood and approached as the core responsibility of the police as they are the active partners who are responsible to activate the community who is the passive partner towards crime prevention. Recently there are scholars, police scientists and researchers who are of the view that the police cannot prevent crime so crime prevention should not be the core function of the police. The study gives a detailed analysis of the proponents and opponents of crime prevention as the core function of the police. This analysis has been provided in the context of the origin of policing through to the modern era in policing in an attempt to find out for which purpose the police had been established for. This is done in order to track down whether the initial purpose for which the police had been established for has changed in modern policing, with the ultimate aim of affirming or negating the proposition by some of the proponents of crime prevention as not the core function of the police, who are of the view that crime prevention should no longer be the core function of the police, as used to be the case.The arguments and counter arguments on whether crime prevention is the core function of the police or not, as well as the response from the selected countries were analyzed. The golden thread that runs through the eras of policing is that crime prevention is and has always been the main function of the police. The relative ease of measuring police performance by reactive activities in comparison with proactive activities seems to indicate that the police might focus more working on these measurable activities as compared to crime prevention activities that could go unnoticed. / Police Practice / D. Litt. et Phil. (Police Science)

In this section of research, a new crime prevention model for residential neighbourhoods, namely the HONC - against crime model was developed. This model is based on the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design principles (CPTED). The first three elements of this model are intended to better the function of CPTED in neighbourhoods. The elements are as follows: H = Healthy lifestyle O = Online (Information technology) N = Nature C = CPTED The effectiveness of the elements in the prevention of crime was tested in two gated communities and one open neighbourhood, namely Woodlands Lifestyle Estate, Prairie Estate and Glossa Estate. All these neighbourhoods are situated in Garsfontein, a suburb of Pretoria, South Africa. Woodlands Lifestyle Estate was designed in accordance with these principles. This neighbourhood is situated next to a nature reserve called Moreletaspruit. The fence facing this reserve is a steel palisade to provide a view of the scenery. The other three fences are solid brick. This Estate has two entrances with formal access control. Woodlands has a specifically designed lifestyle centre which contains a gym, squash courts, swimming pool, tennis courts and an entertainment area. Pedestrian routs run from this centralised centre throughout the neighbourhood with water features and adequate lighting. Prairie Estate is also a gated community, fenced off with a brick wall and reachable through one entrance with formal access control. The architectural design of dwellings within this neighbourhood was left to the discretion of different developers. The only area for recreational activity within this neighbourhood is the fenced off club house and swimming pool. Glossa Estate is situated diagonally across Woodlands Lifestyle Estate, and is an open neighbourhood. It has three entrances with one guard patrolling the interior neighbourhood. This neighbourhood was designed with a park as a recreational area. The park was not in use and became overgrown, which created a crime problem, and it was therefore fenced off and the gate locked. Only the element of a healthy lifestyle could be proven as influential in the incidence of crime. The last three elements only served as guidelines and need to be tested in further research. / Criminology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)

In this section of research, a new crime prevention model for residential neighbourhoods, namely the HONC - against crime model was developed. This model is based on the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design principles (CPTED). The first three elements of this model are intended to better the function of CPTED in neighbourhoods. The elements are as follows: H = Healthy lifestyle O = Online (Information technology) N = Nature C = CPTED The effectiveness of the elements in the prevention of crime was tested in two gated communities and one open neighbourhood, namely Woodlands Lifestyle Estate, Prairie Estate and Glossa Estate. All these neighbourhoods are situated in Garsfontein, a suburb of Pretoria, South Africa. Woodlands Lifestyle Estate was designed in accordance with these principles. This neighbourhood is situated next to a nature reserve called Moreletaspruit. The fence facing this reserve is a steel palisade to provide a view of the scenery. The other three fences are solid brick. This Estate has two entrances with formal access control. Woodlands has a specifically designed lifestyle centre which contains a gym, squash courts, swimming pool, tennis courts and an entertainment area. Pedestrian routs run from this centralised centre throughout the neighbourhood with water features and adequate lighting. Prairie Estate is also a gated community, fenced off with a brick wall and reachable through one entrance with formal access control. The architectural design of dwellings within this neighbourhood was left to the discretion of different developers. The only area for recreational activity within this neighbourhood is the fenced off club house and swimming pool. Glossa Estate is situated diagonally across Woodlands Lifestyle Estate, and is an open neighbourhood. It has three entrances with one guard patrolling the interior neighbourhood. This neighbourhood was designed with a park as a recreational area. The park was not in use and became overgrown, which created a crime problem, and it was therefore fenced off and the gate locked. Only the element of a healthy lifestyle could be proven as influential in the incidence of crime. The last three elements only served as guidelines and need to be tested in further research. / Criminology and Security Science / D.Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)

Crime Prevention in the Czech Republic The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the Crime prevention strategy of the Czech Republic with a special emphasis on its local level ­ preventive activities used by city authorities. The thesis is composed of three main parts. The first one defines basic terminology attached to the topic of crime prevention such as delinquency or criminal repression. Crime prevention is in this section also discussed as a process consisting of several stages and as a process limited by certain obstructions as well. The second part indicates how the described process operates in the Czech Republic, what are the main conditions formed by the legislation in the fight against crime and what are the used tools of crime prevention on the local level. And last but not least the interactions between the subjects of prevention are defined. The conclusive part of the thesis is focused on a specific case and the use of crime prevention in it. The main reason is the strategies are usable only at the level of cities, municipalities and their parts. To achieve this purpose I picked up the City of Pardubice and focused on its crime prevention strategies. The City of Pardubice has been commonly involved in ...

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The researcher focuses on the contributions made by community involvement, including community policing and crime prevention strategies, on the prevention of attempted murder in Elsies River, a gang ridden area. A theoretical overview of community policing and crime prevention is provided. The combination of crime prevention strategies, community involvement and role players to prevent the contribution caused that give rise to crime, receive attention. Against this background the applicability of social crime prevention - internationally tested policing strategies included - is discussed in order to review the act of attempted murder. Furthemore, the application of the solutions presented at ground level receive attention and reasons are offered for the successful implementation of the Elsies River Community- Police Crime Prevention Action Plan in 1998. The reality is compared to the theory and conclusions are drawn concerning the handling of the problem. Gang activities in Elsies River and the impact thereof on the reporting of attempted murder is summarised. The Elsies River Community- Police Crime Prevention Action Plan which was implemented between April and June 1998, is discussed and the influence thereof on the reporting of attempted murder is analysed statistically. In conclusion the findings of the research are enunciated and recommendations are made to the successful prevention of crime. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie werkstuk word die voorkoming van poging tot moord in Elsiesrivier, 'n bendegeteisterde gebied, deur middel van gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid, gemeenskapspolisiëring ingesluit, en misdaadvoorkomingstrategieë ondersoek. 'n Teoretiese oorsig van gemeenskapspolisiëring en misdaadvoorkoming word gegee. Die kombinering van misdaadvoorkomingstrategieë, gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid en die betrokkenheid van rolspelers om die aanleidende faktore wat tot misdaad lei te voorkom, geniet aandag. Teen hierdie agtergrond word die toepaslikheid van sosiale misdaadvoorkoming, waarby ingesluit internasionaal getoetste polisiëringstrategieë, bespreek om die voorkoms van poging tot moord aan te spreek. Voorts geniet die toepassing van die voorgestelde oplossings op grondvlak aandag en redes word aangevoer waarom die implementering van die Elsiesrivier Gemeenskap- Polisie Misdaadvoorkomingsaksieplan in 1998 so suksesvol was. Die praktyk word met die teorie vergelyk en gevolgtrekkings word gemaak rakende die hantering van die probleem. Bendebedrywighede in Elsiesrivier en die impak daarvan op die aanmelding van poging tot moord word oorsigtelik behandel. Die Elsiesrivier Gemeenskap- Polisie Misdaadvoorkomingsaksieplan wat gedurende April tot Junie 1998 geïmplementeer was, word bespreek - die invloed wat dié strategie op die aanmelding van poging tot moord gehad het, word statisties ontleed. Ten slotte word die bevindings van die navorsing weergegee en aanbevelings word gemaak om misdaad suksesvol te voorkom.

The problem of this study is to determine the extent to which the Texas Education Agency and selected school districts have implemented the legislative provisions of House Bill 467, enacted by the Sixty-First Texas Legislature. No hypothesis is advanced. The purpose of the study is twofold: first, it describes the sequential development of the crime prevention and drug education program by the Texas Education Agency as mandated through House Bill 467; and second, it determines the current status of the crime prevention and drug education program in selected school districts through the use of a semi-structured personal interview with the individual assigned primary responsibility for coordination of the program in each of the nineteen school districts included in the study. It is the further purpose of this study to determine principal and teacher perceptions toward twenty-two factors related to drug abuse among students. This was accomplished through the use of a perception survey mailed to a random sample of 1,184 teachers and all 149 principals within the nineteen school districts participating in the study. This procedure resulted in the return of usable surveys by 804 teachers and 119 principals.