The development of Youth Justice in the UK since the early 1990s has been informed by the belief that the family plays a key role in youth offending. In 1998 the parenting order was introduced, based on the assumption that interventions to improve parenting will have a positive effect upon offending. The availability of the order was extended in 2005, reflecting the view that parents who do not undertake parenting support are being wilfully negligent of their responsibilities and must be made to take the help offered. In this thesis the assumptions justifying the parenting order and its extensions are questioned. Evidence suggests that although parenting is influential, it is one of many factors associated with the onset of or desistence from offending. Furthermore, as this thesis highlights, parents likely to receive parenting orders are often experiencing several personal and environmental 'stressors', creating high levels of need. These situational pressures and high level of need, this thesis argues, are likely to make it difficult for them to be effective in their role, or to gain long term benefit from attending a parenting programme. Furthermore, many parents have histories of unsuccessfully seeking assistance from 'helping agencies', refuting the assumption of wilful neglect. This thesis considers the advantages and limitations of parenting work as a form of crime prevention and specifically looks at the use of the parenting order. An argument is presented for a wider, more holistic approach to parenting work than that offered by the parenting order as a form of crime prevention and for providing assistance to families earlier.

Atsižvelgiant į kriminogeninę Lietuvos situaciją bei įgyvendinant nusikalstamumo prevencijos politiką, nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencija yra viena iš svarbiausių prioritetinių nusikalstamumo prevencijos krypčių. Ilgametė teisės pažeidimų analizė rodo, kad kuo anksčiau žmogus padaro pirmąjį teisės pažeidimą, tuo didesnė šių pažeidimų recidyvo tikimybė vyresniame amžiuje. Tyrimo tikslas – ištirti nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencijos realizavimą bendrojo lavinimo vidurinėse mokyklose. Tyrimo uždaviniai: · Apibūdinti nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo sampratą; · Išnagrinėti nepilnamečių būklę Lietuvoje; · Išanalizuoti priežastis, skatinančias nepilnamečius įvykdyti nusikaltimus; · Nustatyti nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencijos bendrojo lavinimo vidurinėse mokyklose vadybos gaires; · Įvertinti nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencijos Kėdainių rajone realizavimo kokybę. Mokslinės literatūros analizės pagrindu teoriniu aspektu gilinamasi į nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencinių programų bendrojo lavinimo vidurinėse mokyklose realizavimo kokybę, atliekama nepilnamečių užimtumo ir prevencijos įtakos nusikalstamumui Kėdainių rajone analizė remiantis gautais Kėdainių rajono Policijos komisariato ir savivaldybės administracijos švietimo ir kultūros departamento duomenimis. Lietuvoje įgyvendinama nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencijos politika yra daugialypė, įgyvendinama įvairiose institucijose ir lygmenyse. Nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencijos politikos įgyvendinime dalyvauja... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The current crime situation in Lithuania and the implementation of criminal policy reveals that youth crime prevention is one of the most important priorities’ in crime prevention policies. Many years offenses statistics shows that if the earlier a person commits a first offense, the greater likelihood of such abuse relapse later. The aim of the paper is to analyze the prevention of youth delinquency, the realization in comprehensive secondary schools. Objectives of the study: · Describe the concept of youth delinquency; · Examine the status of minors in Lithuania; · Analyze the reasons for encouraging minors to commit a crime; · Estabslish the Prevention of Youth Delinquency in secondary schools; · Evaluate the Prevention of Youth Delinquency in Kedainiai district. Scientific literature, analyzes the theoretical aspects of youth delinquency prevention programs in secondary schools, the quality of the youth employment and the prevention of crime in the area Kedainiai, in the police, district and municipal administrations is done. Lithuania has implemented youth crime prevention policy which is multifaceted, implemented in different institutions and levels. Youth delinquency prevention policy involves state agencies, institutions and non gonvernmental institutions. However, the analysis revealed that this policy has one major deficiency - it has no single concept, which makes it uncoordinated. The investigation revealed the growing youth delinquency, and in this... [to full text]

This thesis makes two significant contributions to the advancement of knowledge within crime prevention. The first of these is to evaluate the success of repeat victimisation prevention interventions. Interventions across four crime types are assessed herein, and the context-mechanisms-outcome configurations examined. The second contribution of this thesis is to assess two techniques of meta-evaluation: systematic reviews and realist syntheses. Each of these techniques is used in turn to assess the repeat victimisation prevention interventions. The contribution of each technique to the knowledge pool is then discussed, and the question of whether they are complementary or contradictory approaches answered. The thesis is framed in the context of evolutionary epistemology, which is the philosophy underpinning both approaches to meta-evaluation addressed herein. The thesis starts, with an examination of: firstly, how the evaluation methods in question have evolved, and the background to their scientific worth; and secondly, how situational crime prevention measures have evolved over time. The thesis then examines the two competing approaches for their contribution to the evaluation ecosystem by using both to assess repeat victimisation prevention interventions. Finally, the last section poses the question of whether it is survival of the fittest, or whether co-existence or adaptation could be the key to survival for these two meta-evaluative methodologies. Repeat victimisation prevention is revealed as an effective way of reducing crime, with a need for further research to apply the principle across further crime types. A requirement is identified for a greater breadth and depth of information to be included in future crime prevention evaluations. The systematic review is shown to be a useful way of assessing the overall effectiveness of the interventions, whilst the realist synthesis fills in the detail of why some interventions work and others fail. It is concluded that both approaches to meta-evaluation have useful contributions to make, and that a third way incorporating the best elements from each method should be developed.

CHDS State/Local / This thesis will briefly explore the questions surrounding why prevention has typically not been incorporated into homeland security exercises and strives to document and demonstrate that prevention can be exercised. It will look at various prevention strategies, most notably, "All-Crimes," Information Sharing, Private Sector Security, Attack Trees, Red-Teaming, and Behavioral Analysis, to determine how these prevention-related tools can be integrated into exercise design and conduct. These tools can be used in exercises individually or in groups. They are, however, not the end-state, as other tools undoubtedly exist. Prevention as a science and a skill is still in its infancy; with additional research, analysis, and practice, maturity will come. This thesis also endeavors to provide a road map for agencies desiring to understand and exercise prevention activities. Understanding that prevention can be practiced and exercised through the use of certain tools is one significant step in having the guidance necessary to begin a prevention exercise, or better, a complete prevention exercise program. Agencies using these tools, working within the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) Guidelines, and using technical expertise available from local, national, and federal subject-matter experts, should have that road map. / Captain, Seattle Police Department

The purpose of this study, is to explore whether or not prison sentences of less than a year, are appropriate, when judged from an individual preventive angle. This will be discovered through processing the interviews of a criminologist, a district prosecutor and a prison governor. Their expertise covers the areas of criminals, institution and crime prevention. Our data is drawn from parts of the theory about denial of freedom by Michel Foucault, who explores prison as an institution; the theory about prisonization by Donald Clemmer, who explored the process of socialization, that occurs when an individual goes to prison, and becomes a part of the prison sub culture; also the theory of moral sociology by Èmile Durkheim, who defines what we call a society, the basis of moral action and how these two interact. The result showed that prison sentences of less than a year are not appropriate, when judged from an individual preventive angel. Though judged from a general preventive angle, it can be seen as appropriate. / Studien syftar till att undersöka om fängelse som påföljd, gällande straff kortare än ett år, är ändamålsenligt utifrån ett individualpreventivt perspektiv. Detta uppnås genom tre kvalitativa intervjuer med en kriminolog, en kammaråklagare och en anstaltschef som utifrån deras olika yrkesroller bidrar med expertis inom det valda området. Empirin tolkas sedan utifrån delar av teorin om den frihetsberövande sanktionen av Michel Foucault som tittar närmare på fängelset som institution; teorin om prisonisering av Donald Clemmer, som tar fakta på den socialiseringsprocess som sker med individen när denne hamnat i fängelse och anammat en del av fängelsets subkultur, samt utifrån moralsociologin av Émile Durkheim som beskriver vad som utmärker ett samhälle, vad som är grunderna för ett moraliskt handlande och hur dessa två samspelar med varandra. Resultatet visade att fängelsestraff kortare än ett år ur ett individualpreventivt perspektiv inte är ändamålsenligt. Däremot kan det ur ett allmänpreventivt syfte verka avskräckande för samhällets övriga medborgare.

My diploma thesis deals with distribution analysis of car thefts in the town of Liberec and will look at the options of situational crime prevention techniques. In my diploma thesis I have used the concept of hot spots which is able to show higher than average concentrations of car thefts in the study area. The database is relatively unique, provided by the regional police department in Liberec and contains the records of more than a thousand reported car thefts in Liberec between the years 2011-2014. The provided data contains GPS coordinates and thanks to them, it was possible, with relatively high accuracy, to identify hot spots of car thefts in Liberec. The identification of hot spots was possible as spatial statistics were used that enabled concrete calculations of kernel density, which made it possible to identify problem locations. In our chosen hot spots we then undertook our fieldwork, whose main goal was to evaluate the options of utilization strategy CPTED, so as to obtain preventive measures in problem locations. The output of this thesis include hot spot maps of car thefts 2011-2014 and also recommendations for preventive measures, which would be advisable to implement in chosen hot spots. Key words: car thefts, crime mapping, CPTED, hot spot, crime prevention, GIS

Violent Crime and Its Prevention Abstract This thesis deals with violent crime and its prevention. This topic is broad, therefore only few aspects are included into this work. I focused mostly on phenomenology of violent crime, worldwide comparation and prevention of crime. The violent crime is a traditional criminologic topic, but despite that, it is still very actual. My goal was to chart violent crime and its prevention. This work is divided into six chapters. In the first chapter, basic concepts are defined. The focus of a second chapter is on phenomenology, state, dynamics and extent of the violent crime in Czech Republic and in countries, that I have chosen. In the following chapter, the state of violent crime is compared in-between some chosen countries through index crime of homicide. Crime in United States and Great Britain is compared in more detail later in this chapter. In the same chapter, relapse and latent crime is also described. In the third chapter, perpetrator of violent crime, various kinds of typology, ratios between men and women in sense of numbers of offences and age composition of offenders are discussed. Victims, victimization, types of victims, forms of experiencing harm and impact of violent crime on the victim is the main topic of the fourth chapter. The fifth chapter deals with...

Property criminality and its prevention Bicycle theft in the context of general property criminality Abstract Property criminality is a very serious social pathological phenomenon. In the long run, it accounts for the largest share of total crime by far. Property offenses are the most numerous and also represent the largest amount of police work. Bicycle theft is a common property offense. This diploma thesis deals with both of these phenomena, considering the thefts of bicycles in the context of general property crime. Both phenomena are defined and evaluated in terms of statistical indicators. Here it mainly examines the state and dynamics of both phenomena. In the area of bicycle theft, there are additionally evaluated other statistical data such as theft detection, data on prosecuted persons and the proportion of repeat offenders in committing this type of offense. Subsequently, the causes of property crime are investigated and the causes of bicycle theft are evaluated. The socio-historical context is outlined and then the motives of the perpetrators to commit property offenses and specifically theft of bicycles are analyzed. Much of this thesis is aimed to criminal prevention. Firstly, the thesis describes the theoretical bases, which divide crime prevention in terms of content into social, situational...

Crime prevention Prevention specifics of cybercrime on social networks Abstract (EN): Criminality is the most serious social problem, and therefore it is necessary to prevent the crime and not merely punish it. Crime prevention aims at creating a better standard of human life in all its aspects with eliminating undesirable phenomena in society. Criminality adapts to the evolution of the society. The most dynamically developing form of crime is cybercrime. The subject of this thesis is to compile an up-to-date picture of crime prevention predominantly focusing on cybercrime. The thesis is conceptually divided into two parts, the first deals with crime and its prevention in general, while the other focuses on the specifics of cybercrime. The first part of the thesis briefly defines the relevant terms such as criminality, criminalization and decriminalization, criminogenic factors, relapse, criminology, penology, victimology, crime control, repression and prevention. It also systematizes crime prevention and focuses on the classification via the content or the target (social, situational and victimological), and via the addressees as well (primary, secondary and tertiary). It further notes the current focus of crime prevention, referring in particular to the Doha Declaration and other outcomes of the 13th...

This is a qualitative study that was intended to analyse the role of South African Police Services (SAPS) railway policing in crime prevention in South Africa (SA). Commuters are exposed to various criminal activities in the railway environment. The Metro Rail trains are the most affordable trains and for that reason, the majority of commuters use these trains to travel to and from their workplaces. This study focused on the large stations in the Gauteng province, South Africa, as there is a high influx of people coming from various provinces for job opportunities. Alexander (2019:np) states that Gauteng is the smallest province, but has the largest population and economy. The non-random sampling procedure was used to select participants. Data was collected by means of perusing the existing literature, SAPS information notes, official documents and articles. Interviews were conducted with South African Police Service Rapid Rail Unit (SAPSRRPU) members. Each unit was represented by a maximum of eight members. The information obtained from the participants was analysed by using the Atlas-ti software. This is a computer program used to analyse data in qualitative research. / Iyi ndi ngudo ya ndeme i itelwaho u saukanya mushumo wa yunithi ya vhupholisa ha raliwei ya Tshumelo ya Tshipholisa ya Afrika Tshipembe (SAPS) kha u thivhela vhugevhenga Afrika Tshipembe (SA). Vhaṋameli vha livhanwa na nyito dzo fhambanaho dza vhugevhenga kha vhupo ha raliwei. Zwidimela zwa Metrorail ndi zwone zwidimela zwi sa ḓuresi, nahone nga ṅwambo wa izwo vhunzhi ha vhaṋameli vha shumisa zwidimela izwi u enda u ya na u bva mishumoni yavho. Ngudo iyi yo sedza kha zwiṱitshi zwihulwane zwa vundu ḽa Gauteng, Afrika Tshipembe, saizwi hu na vhathu vhanzhi vha bvaho kha mavundu o fhambanaho vhane vha khou ṱoḓana na zwikhala zwa mushumo. Alexander (2019:np) u bula uri Gauteng ndi vundu ḽiṱukusa, fhedzi ḽi na tshitshavha tshinzhisa na ikonomi. Tsumbonanguludzwa dzi songo tou khethwa dzo shumiswa u nanga vhadzheneleli. Data yo kuvhanganywa nga kha u fhenḓa maṅwalwa a re hone. Notsi dza mafhungo dza SAPS, maṅwalo a tshiofisi na athikili. Inthaviwu dzo itwa na miraḓo ya Yunithi ya Tshipholisa tsha Raḽiwei tshi Ṱavhanyaho tsha Tshumelo ya Tshipholisa tsha Afrika Tshipembe (SAPSRRPU). Yunithi iṅwe na iṅwe yo vha yo imelelwa nga gumofulu ḽa miraḓo ya malo. Mafhungo o wanalaho u bva kha vhadzheneleli o senguluswa nga u shumisa sofuthiwee ya Atlas-ti. Phurogireme ya khomphiyutha iyi I shumiswa u saukanya data kha ṱhoḓisiso dza ndeme. / Ndzavisiso lowu wa qualitative wu na xikongomelo xo xopaxopa ndzima ya yuniti ya vutirheli bya maphorisa ya Afrika Dzonga ku nga South African Police Services (SAPS) eka ku sivela vugevenga eAfrika Dzonga. Vakhandziyi va xungetiwa hi vugevenga bya mixaka yo hambanana eka tirhalaweyi ta switimela. Switimela swa Metrorail swi chipile swinene, hikokwalaho, vanhu vanyingi va vakhandziyi va tirhisa switimela ku ya na ku vuya emitirhweni. Ndzavisiso lowu wu languta ngopfu switici leswikkulu swa switimela eka xifundzhankulu (provhinsi) ya Gauteng eAfrika Dzonga hikuva ku na vanhu vanyingi lava va sukaka eka swifundzhankulu swin'wana ku ta ejoni ku ta lava mitirho. Alexander (2019:np) u vula leswo Gauteng i xifundzhankulu xitsongo swinene eka swin'wana, kambe xi na vanhu vanyingi swinene na ikhonomi leyikulu swinene. Ku tirhisiwe fambiselo leri vuriwaka non-random sampling ku hlawula vanhu vo va na xiavo eka ndzavisiso. Data yi hlengeletiwe hi ku hlaya matsalwa lama nga kona, tinoti ta vutivi ta SAPS, na tidokumente ta ximfumo na tiatikili. Ku endliwe ti-inthavhyu na swirho swa maphorisa ya rhalaweyi ku nga South African Police Service Rapid Rail Police Unit (SAPSRRPU). Yuniti yin'wana na yin'wana a yi yimeriwe hi swirho swa nhungu. Vutivi lebyi byi nga kumeka eka lava a va ri na xiavo byi ve byi xopaxopiwa hi ku tirhisa Atlas-ti software. Leyi i program ya khompyuta leyi tirhisiwaka ku xopaxopa data eka rhiseche leyi endliwaka hi ndlela ya qualitative eka mindzavisiso. / Criminology and Security Science / Ph. D. (Criminal Justice)