Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University

Atsižvelgiant į kriminogeninę Lietuvos situaciją bei įgyvendinant nusikalstamumo prevencijos politiką, nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencija yra viena iš svarbiausių prioritetinių nusikalstamumo prevencijos krypčių. Ilgametė teisės pažeidimų analizė rodo, kad kuo anksčiau žmogus padaro pirmąjį teisės pažeidimą, tuo didesnė šių pažeidimų recidyvo tikimybė vyresniame amžiuje. Tyrimo tikslas – ištirti nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencijos realizavimą bendrojo lavinimo vidurinėse mokyklose. Tyrimo uždaviniai: · Apibūdinti nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo sampratą; · Išnagrinėti nepilnamečių būklę Lietuvoje; · Išanalizuoti priežastis, skatinančias nepilnamečius įvykdyti nusikaltimus; · Nustatyti nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencijos bendrojo lavinimo vidurinėse mokyklose vadybos gaires; · Įvertinti nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencijos Kėdainių rajone realizavimo kokybę. Mokslinės literatūros analizės pagrindu teoriniu aspektu gilinamasi į nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencinių programų bendrojo lavinimo vidurinėse mokyklose realizavimo kokybę, atliekama nepilnamečių užimtumo ir prevencijos įtakos nusikalstamumui Kėdainių rajone analizė remiantis gautais Kėdainių rajono Policijos komisariato ir savivaldybės administracijos švietimo ir kultūros departamento duomenimis. Lietuvoje įgyvendinama nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencijos politika yra daugialypė, įgyvendinama įvairiose institucijose ir lygmenyse. Nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencijos politikos įgyvendinime dalyvauja... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The current crime situation in Lithuania and the implementation of criminal policy reveals that youth crime prevention is one of the most important priorities’ in crime prevention policies. Many years offenses statistics shows that if the earlier a person commits a first offense, the greater likelihood of such abuse relapse later. The aim of the paper is to analyze the prevention of youth delinquency, the realization in comprehensive secondary schools. Objectives of the study: · Describe the concept of youth delinquency; · Examine the status of minors in Lithuania; · Analyze the reasons for encouraging minors to commit a crime; · Estabslish the Prevention of Youth Delinquency in secondary schools; · Evaluate the Prevention of Youth Delinquency in Kedainiai district. Scientific literature, analyzes the theoretical aspects of youth delinquency prevention programs in secondary schools, the quality of the youth employment and the prevention of crime in the area Kedainiai, in the police, district and municipal administrations is done. Lithuania has implemented youth crime prevention policy which is multifaceted, implemented in different institutions and levels. Youth delinquency prevention policy involves state agencies, institutions and non gonvernmental institutions. However, the analysis revealed that this policy has one major deficiency - it has no single concept, which makes it uncoordinated. The investigation revealed the growing youth delinquency, and in this... [to full text]

This thesis is focused on analysis of youth delinquency in terms of Per-Olof H. Wikström's Situational Action Theory or rather modelling data relating to this area of research International Self-Report Delinquency Study 3. The main aim of the thesis is to introduce and evaluate this theoretical-empirical model for the explanation of youth delinquency. The work is split into three main parts - theoretical, methodological and empirical. First one consists of the definition of basic concepts and show Wikström' s 'situational action theory applied to the delinquency topic. In methodological part there is a description of ISRD-3 survey, basic indicators of sample and data collection methods used. And then there is an explanation how operationalization of individual explanatory variables in the model was done. Empirical part is dedicated to multidimensional analysis of data and evaluation of this concept. The results demonstrate the success of the analytical model and its application as a default theory in the examination of youth delinquency.

This thesis is focused on analysis of youth delinquency in terms of Per-Olof H. Wikström's Situational Action Theory or rather modelling data relating to this area of research International Self-Report Delinquency Study 3. The main aim of the thesis is to introduce and evaluate this theoretical-empirical model for the explanation of youth delinquency. The work is split into three main parts - theoretical, methodological and empirical. First one consists of the definition of basic concepts and show Wikström' s 'situational action theory applied to the delinquency topic. In methodological part there is a description of ISRD-3 survey, basic indicators of sample and data collection methods used. In empirical part is an explanation how operationalization of individual explanatory variables in the model was done. This part is also dedicated to multidimensional analysis of data and evaluation of this concept. The results demonstrate the success of the analytical model and its application as a default theory in the examination of youth delinquency. Key words: youth delinquency, Situational Action Theory, multidimensional data analysis

The aim of this study is to understand the risk factors contributing to juvenile delinquency for young men in Sweden. Previous research shows that juvenile delinquency is a theme that exists in all communities and affects several areas of society such as family relations, social relations, academic achievement as well as individual consequences. In this essay, the focus is on identifying risk factors putting young men at greater risk of committing crimes, but also explaining the underlying causes of why these risk factors exist by using theoretical frameworks such as empowerment and life-span theories. The central point of the essay is thus the question of how and why some young men become criminals? The methods used are a systematic literature study combined with semi structured interviews in order to understand why some young men are more vulnerable than others in committing crime. The interviews consist of statements based on professional experience from four different non-governmental organizations in Sweden working with youths. The results of the study show that the environment these young men grow up in plays a major role for both academic achievement and the development of various personality disorders which can contribute to criminal behavior. The results of the interviews also show that social structures make these young men feel powerless in relation to themselves, school and society. This type of feeling of exclusion on a social and individual level tend to increase the risk of criminal behavior and lifestyle for some young men in Sweden.

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Cette thèse résulte du suivi, pendant deux ans, de jeunes de 16 à 25 ans, scolarisés lors du premier entretien dans des établissements « traditionnels » ou « alternatifs ».La première partie présente des parcours scolaires et s’attarde sur le lien entre parcours scolaire non conforme et délinquance. Au moyen d’un suivi longitudinal qualitatif des « décrocheurs » en temps réel, la recherche s’intéresse particulièrement aux « invisibles », ceux qui décrochent sans faire de bruit et n’inquiètent personne, parfois à juste titre car ils ont des projets hors l’école. Afin de dissocier décrochage et délinquance, des parcours de jeunes délinquants qui n’ont pas décroché de leur établissement scolaire, et inversement des parcours de décrocheurs non délinquants, sont analysés. Une seconde partie présente le contrôle social et la production des normes selon les établissements. L’étude vise à mettre en évidence ce qui, dans l’encadrement, les règlements intérieurs, les sanctions, l’organisation de la discipline et la surveillance distingue les écoles les unes des autres et conclut sur le fait que, si un établissement construit ses normes, ces dernières sont aussi la production des élèves qui le composent. Ces normes influencent les trajectoires des élèves. La recherche montre également que les ségrégations internes produites par les établissements ont plus d’effets sur les élèves que les ségrégations externes, subies par les établissements.La conclusion remet en perspective ces résultats à l’aune des évolutions politiques et démographiques actuelles : l’effet-établissement est appelé à être plus influent à l’avenir, avec la poursuite des politiques d’autonomisation des lycées. / For this research I interviewed students aged 16 to 25 years in traditional and alternative educational establishments over the course of two years. The first section describes further education and considers the link between leaving school and delinquency. Having followed the "dropouts" in real time, the research aims to understand them qualitatively and pays particular attention to “the invisibles" who drop out quietly without generating concern, sometimes rightly so because their interests lie outside of school. Since being a “bad student” is often linked to being a “delinquent”, I describe the schooling of “good students” who have committed offences and vice versa. The second part studies different schools and their respective social controls and 'behavourial norms'. The effect of being in one school or another is still minimal but will grow with new policies that are increasing the autonomy of schools. This study aims to highlight what distinguishes one school from another in terms of management, internal rules, sanctions and the organization of discipline and supervision. It concludes that where a school creates norms and standards, these are also the creations of the students themselves and they impact on students' careers. The other major institutional effect is related to the internal segregation it produces, beyond external segregation. Finally the conclusion looks at the results in the context of the evolving political and demographic landscape and suggests further areas of research.

Det här är en kvalitativ studie där yrkesverksamma poliser som arbetar med unga lagöverträdare och barn och unga med ett normbrytande beteende intervjuades. Det genomfördes en semistrukturerad intervju och en fokusgruppsintervju. Intervjuerna genomfördes i en större stad i Sverige. En tematisk analys tillämpades på det insamlade materialet. I resultatet framkommer det att barnets bästa genomsyrar polisens arbete oavsett om de möter unga lagöverträdare, målsäganden eller vittnen. Brottsprevention och samverkan är också ett viktigt inslag i ungdomsgruppens arbete utöver utredningsarbetet. En av studiens viktigaste slutsatser är att samverkan mellan ungdomsenheten, socialtjänst och skolan tidigare har varit bristfällig. Samverkanssvårigheterna bestod till stor del av en defensiv sekretesstolkning från socialtjänstenssida samt att skolan och polisen inte hade en nära samverkan gällande det brottspreventiva arbetet gällande barn och unga.

Introduktion: Ungdomskriminalitet är ett folkhälsoproblem med negativ konsekvens för både ungdomarna själva och samhället i stort. Det påverkar hälsa och välbefinnande hos de inblandade, bidrar till ojämlikhet och belastar samhällets resurser. Förebyggande åtgärder, interventioner och främjande av skyddsfaktorer är avgörande för att minska förekomst av ungdomskriminalitet och därmed förbättra folkhälsan. Syfte: Syftet med denna strukturerade litteraturstudie var att identifiera ett antal skyddsfaktorer vilka förekommer inom strukturerade fritidsaktiviteter och undersöka deras potential att förebygga ungdomskriminalitet. Metod: En tematisk analys utfördes på 20 vetenskapliga originalartiklar som erhölls från databaserna PubMed och EBSCO host i en strukturerad litteraturstudie. Resultat: Studien identifierade ett antal skyddsfaktorer inkluderade i strukturerade fritidsaktiviteter vilka bidrar till att förebygga normbrytande beteenden som kan leda till ungdomskriminalitet. Dessa skyddsfaktorer inkluderar personlig utveckling, socialt stöd, meningsfullhet och självkänsla, struktur och ledarskap inom fritidsaktiviteter samt individanpassad aktivitet. Slutsats: Studien visar att strukturerade fritidsaktiviteter inkluderar flera skyddsfaktorer som har potential att förebygga ungdomskriminalitet. / Introduction: Juvenile delinquency constitutes a public health concern with detrimental implications for both the young individuals and society collectively. It impacts the well-being and health of those involved, contributes to inequality, and strains societal resources. Preventive measures, interventions, and the promotion of protective factors are crucial to mitigate the occurrence of youth delinquency, thus enhancing public health. Aim: The aim of this structured literature review was to identify a range of protective factors within structured leisure activities and explore their potential in preventing youth delinquency. Method: A thematic analysis was conducted on 20 scholarly original articles retrieved from the databases PubMed and EBSCO host in a structured literature study. Results: The study identified several protective factors inherent to structured leisure activities that contribute to preventing deviant behaviours that may lead to juvenile delinquency. These protective factors encompass personal development, social support, meaningfulness and self-esteem, structure and leadership within leisure activities, and individual adaptation. Conclusion: The study highlights that within structured leisure activities, there are several protective factors that show potential in mitigating juvenile delinquency.