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Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-85). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Basel, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 587-642).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Trier, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-182).

Thèse--Geneva. / Bibliography: p. [267]-275.

Thèse (M.A.)--Université d'Ottawa, 2000. / Comprend des réf. bibliogr.

Zugl.: Berlin, Humboldt-Univ., Diss., 2008/2009 / Includes bibliographical references (p. 365-394) and index.

Corporate crimes have become a highly widespread phenomenon in modern industrialized societies. The aim of this paper is to offer criteria and elements to evaluate criminal liability of middle managers of a highly hierarchical company for criminal acts committed by employees, which have been adopted and conceived by top managers of the company. To this end, different theories that have arised from the criminal doctrine to penalize managers of a complex organization will be analyzed, as truemediate authorship, co-authorship, induction and authorship in the omission. The research is justified to the extent that, criminal doctrine and jurisprudence, haven’t analyzed this issue deeply and, in the few opinions that about it exist, there are discrepancies about it possible solution. / La criminalidad de empresa constituye un fenómeno altamente extendido en las sociedades industrializadas modernas. El presente trabajo busca brindar criterios y elementos para evaluar la responsabilidad penal de los mandos medios de una empresa altamente jerarquizada por hechos delictivos que cometen los subordinados y que han sido adoptados y concebidos por los altos directivos de la empresa. Para ello, se analizarán las diversas teorías que se han planteado en la doctrina penal para responsabilizar a los superiores jerárquicos de una organización compleja, tales como la autoría mediata, la coautoría, la inducción y la autoría directa por omisión. La investigación se justifica en la medida en que, en la doctrina y jurisprudencia penal, esta problemática no se ha analizado a profundidad y, de las pocas opiniones que hay al respecto, existen discrepancias sobre su posible solución.

L’indagine svolta si è proposta di realizzare un’analisi sistematica dell’illecito della persona giuridica, così come delineato dal decreto legislativo 231/2001, con lo scopo di ricercare, da un lato, un ordine metodologico funzionale alla lettura critica del concetto di colpa organizzativa e di evidenziare, dall’altro, i tratti di eccentricità – o di continuità strutturale – rispetto al modello della colpa penale pensato per la persona fisica. Il lavoro – che si è avvalso altresì del raffronto con la nozione di corporate criminal liability elaborata nell’ordinamento inglese – ha dimostrato come l’illecito della corporation ricalchi, benché con le peculiarità proprie del paradigma, le caratteristiche strutturali del tipo colposo d’evento, presentandosi anzitutto come inadempimento di un dovere prudenziale al quale segue la verificazione di un fatto lesivo in cui si concretizza il rischio specifico che lo standard cautelare era volto a scongiurare. All’analisi degli elementi costitutivi dell’illecito della persona giuridica hanno fatto seguito alcune proposte di revisione del sistema, sulla base delle problematiche e degli spunti emersi in relazione al meccanismo ascrittivo della responsabilità, ai criteri di verificabilità empirica del modello organizzativo, nonché all’ambito di estensione soggettiva della disciplina. / This research proposal aims to analyse the specific paradigm of corporate criminal responsibility with special regard to its consistency with the requirements of criminal negligence. The analysis has shown that the corporate crime foreseen by Legislative Decree No. 231/2001 should be considered as a “special” offense of negligence which essentially acts as a breach of a precautionary duty: namely, a violation of a rule with precautionary objectives that imposes to the corporation the adoption of compliance programs aimed to prevent the occurrence of harmful events. The research aspires – from a de jure condendo viewpoint and by using a comparative approach focused on the English system of corporate criminal liability – to elaborate some reform proposals in order to modulate the culpability criteria on the type of offense that may actually occur and in relation to the judicial determination of adequacy of compliance programs.

Criminal liability for sports injuries The master thesis inquires into issues in respect of criminal responsibility for sports- related injuries. The author focuses on historical development of responsibility for sports injuries in the initial stage of the paper, as well as on general delimitation of sports and its segmentation. The goal of the following chapter is to present an interconnection between sports and law, particularly to illustrate relation between sports and criminal law on several diverse approaches of legal doctrine. The subsequent part of the paper analyses the topic of criminal responsibility of an athlete for injuries inflicted to another athlete from the perspective of legislation, sports-legal doctrine and practice of the court. The emphasis is placed on individual requirements for criminal responsibility, elements of crime and a listing of specific crimes relevant for the field in question. The crucial part of the paper rests in application of the particular circumstances excluding criminal responsibility in the field of sports injuries in the context of the legal doctrines, which appear during historical development. The author addresses specific legal doctrinal theories and endeavours to reflect the ascertained findings in the Czech criminal law. The thesis does not omit...